Daukar hoto Sebastian Salgado: ilimin lissafi, kerawa

Sebastian Salgado ya gano fasahar daukar hoto kusan ta hanyar hadari. Da zarar ya yi aiki a matsayin mai tattalin arziki. Kuma a yanzu an dauke shi daya daga cikin masu daukan hoto da suka shahara a duniya. Ta yaya yakamata ya faru? Ta yaya ya yi nasara? Za ka iya karanta game da wannan duka a cikin labarin.

Matasa

Sebastian Salgado da aka haife Fabrairu 8 , 1944 a cikin karamin gari na Aymorese, inda akwai kawai dubu goma sha shida da mazaunanta. A cikin shekarun nan, kimanin kashi saba'in cikin dari na yankin nan sun shafe ta da gandun daji, yanzu ana la'akari da "huhuwan duniya." Bayan haka, ƙasar Brazilian selva ta kasance sau biyu, ta ce, a Faransa. Yanzu yankin wannan gandun daji ne kawai kashi bakwai cikin girman asalin. Lokacin da Sebastian yaro ne, garinsa zai iya ba shi makaranta kawai. Saboda haka, don kara karatu, dole ne ya bar shi ya tafi Victoria, babban birnin Espirito Santo State. A can ne ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare a 1962 kuma ya shiga jami'a. Bayan samun takardar digiri a 1967, ya auri Lelia Deluis Vanik.

Balaga

Sebastian Salgado ya zama mahaifin maza biyu - Giuliano da Rodrigo. Duk da haka, babban gwaji yana jira shi. Yarin yaro yana da mummunan cututtuka - Down syndrome. Iyali suka koma Sao Paulo, inda Sebastian ya sami digiri na biyu a harkokin tattalin arziki, matarsa kuma ta kammala karatun kiɗa. Ta kammala digiri daga kotu a matsayin dan wasan pianist.

Bayan haka, a 1969, suka koma Turai, wato Paris. A can, Sebastian ya yi aiki a digirin digirinsa, kuma Lelia ya fara yin nazarin masallaci. A shekara ta 1971 dangin ya sake sake zama wurin zama. Ana kiran Sebastian don aiki a matsayin masanin tattalin arziki na Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya. Ya yi tafiya mai yawa, yana halartar manyan ayyuka da Bankin Duniya ya tallafa masa. Ya kasance sau da yawa a Afirka. A nan ne ya fara fara yin hotuna.

New aiki

Wata rana, bayan da ya dawo London daga wata tafiya, Sebastian Salgado ya gane cewa hotunan da ya sa ya jawo shi sosai. Har ma ya yanke shawara ya watsar da tattalin arzikin don kare kanka da sadaukar da ransa zuwa daukar hoto. Saboda haka, shi da matarsa sun koma Paris, wanda aka yi la'akari da shi kadai garin da ya dace da wannan aikin. Da farko ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kyauta, amma tun 1974 Sebastian ya shiga kungiyar "Sigma". Ya aika da shi zuwa Portugal, Angola da Mozambique, inda mai daukar hoto ya ɗaukaka darajarsa.

Sa'an nan kuma ya canza aiki. Sabuwar hukumar, Gamma, ta ba shi damar yin tafiya kusan a ko'ina cikin Turai, Afirka da Latin Amurka. A wannan lokacin, matarsa ta kammala karatunta kuma ta sami aikin mai tsara birane. A 1977, Sebastian ya fara aiki a kan babban jerin hotuna da suka dace da rayuwar mutanen Indiyawa da mutanen ƙasar Latin Amurka.

Ayyukan jin kai

A shekarar 1979, mai daukar hoto ya sake canza aikin. Kamfanin magnum ya hayar shi, wanda ya keɓe shekaru goma sha biyar a rayuwarsa. A wancan lokacin ba wai ya zama sananne ba ne saboda rahotanni daga kasashe daban-daban da hotuna da aka wallafa a cikin manyan mujallu na duniya, amma ya kammala aikinsa game da rayuwar talakawa a kudancin Amirka. A kan asali a 1984, ya wallafa littafi na farko. An kira shi "Sauran Amirka" kuma an sake shi a lokaci ɗaya a Amurka, Faransa da Spain.

Sabili da haka Sebastian Salgado, wanda hotunansa ya sanya shi duniya, ya sami ainihin hanyar rayuwa. Ya yi kokari ya gaya mana game da halin da ake ciki na matalauta mutane da taimaka musu, ciki har da cewa shekaru biyu da ya yi aiki tare da ba da agaji, kungiyar "Doctors Without Borders", kayyade a kan su madadin m al'amuran da yunwa a nahiyar Afrika. Ya wallafa littattafai guda biyu a karkashin babban taken "Sahel" - "Mutumin da yake cikin Hutu" da kuma "Ƙarshen hanya", kuma ya shirya wasu nune-nunen hotuna. Don haka sai ya goyi bayan aikin "likitoci ba tare da iyakoki ba".

"Ma'aikata" da kuma "Ƙaura"

A 1986-1992, Sebastian Salgado ya ziyarci kasashe ashirin da uku don ƙirƙirar jerin ayyuka a kan aikin jarrabawa. An buga su ne a 1993 a cikin littafin "Ma'aikata". Wannan aikin da aka sayar a fadin duniya a wurare dabam dabam na dubu 100, kuma an nuna hotunan hotunan a fiye da 60 gidajen tarihi.

A matsayin ci gaba da Ma'aikata, maigidan ya fara jerin hoton da ake kira "Migrations." Wannan aikin ya kai shi kasashe 43. Ya yi tafiya a cikin dukan cibiyoyin na duniya don ya nuna abin da mutane ke tilasta su bar ƙasar don su koma garin. Alal misali, ya kwashe garuruwan gari guda tara, yawan mutanen da suka karu sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Mafi shahararrun hotuna ne daga jerin "Hotunan yara na Migrations". Bisa ga wadannan hotunan, an buga hotunan, an buga littattafan littattafai, an kirkiro shirye-shirye na musamman na musamman, kuma mutane miliyan uku sun gani.

Amma Sebastian Salgado, wanda tarihinsa ya zama mahimmancin bincikenmu ne, ba zai taba bi da wannan ba tare da taimakon matarsa ba. Ita ce ita ce babbar mahimmanci na dukkanin jama'a da ke da al'adun mijinta. Sabili da haka, a 1994 sun yanke shawarar ƙirƙirar kansu.

Amazonaz Imges

Kila, ana iya kiran wannan hukumar mafi ƙanƙanci a duniya. Amma a nan ne Sebastian Salgado da matarsa sun iya ci gaba da ayyukan da aka ba su don bayyanar ɓangarorin al'amuran zamani, da mummunar yaki, da wahala ga matalauta da masu fama da yunwa, da nisa daga rayuwar masu arziki. Ana iya kira masters marubucin daukar hoto. A tsakiyar fasaharsa akwai fuskoki masu daraja, kodayake sau da yawa sukan damu. Dukkanin halayensa suna da zurfiyar ciki, wanda kawai ya jaddada abin da ya dace na ma'aikatan da ikon yin wasa da haske da inuwa. Kodayake wasu masu watsa labarun sun zarge shi da jin zafi, a gaskiya ma, Sebastian yana ƙoƙari ne kawai ya jawo hankali ga matsalolin da ba wanda yake so ya magance matsalolin wannan ɓangaren bil'adama wanda aka dade yana daina.

"Farawa" da sauran ayyukan

Daga shekara ta 2004 zuwa 2011, mai daukar hoto ya yi aiki a jerin manyan hotuna da ake kira Farawa. A cikin harshen Rasha, ana kiran wannan aikin "Farawa." Watakila, wannan shine babban aikin da Sebastian Salgado ya yi. Dabbobi da mutane, namun daji da al'ummomin mutum, haqiqa da jituwa, haihuwar da mutuwa duk suna cikin wannan labarin mai ban mamaki na al'adun gargajiya da al'adun da suka ki bin tafarkin wayewar zamani da ci gaban fasaha.

Kuma a shekarar 2007, mai fasahar ya halicci aikin "Coffee", inda ya nuna yadda ake yin abincin shahararrun a cikin gonar Brazil, Indiya, Guatemala da wasu ƙasashe. Tare da matarsa, Sebastiano na ƙoƙarin mayar da gandun dajin Atlantic a cikin mahaifarsa. Ya kirkiro "Instituto Terra" na musamman, wanda ya sa ya juya wannan ɓangare na Brazil zuwa ajiya. Mai daukar hoto ya karbi lambar yabo ta duniya kuma ya zama jakadan kirki a UNICEF. Ko da a cikin fina-finai sun bar wata alama ta Sebastian Salgado. "Gishiri na duniya," a fim game da shi (a 2014), wanda aka yin fim da Wim Wenders , da ɗan daukar hoto Zhulianu Salgado, ya lashe lambar yabo a Cannes.