Da farko Jihar Duma na Rasha Empire

Rasha a matsayin kasar da ta gargajiya patriarchal jama'a na dogon lokaci ya yi ba tare da zakonosoveschatelnogo jiki - majalisar. Da farko Jihar Duma aka gudanar kawai a shekarar 1906, a karkashin umurnin Nicholas II. Wannan shawarar da ya wajaba amma marigayi, musamman idan ka yi la'akari da shekaru na bayyanar da takwarorinsu a wasu kasashen. A Ingila, misali, majalisar zo da baya a marigayi tsakiyar zamanai a Faransa - a lokaci guda. The United States, wanda aka kafa a 1776, halitta a irin wannan iko kusan nan da nan.

Kuma abin da game da Rasha? A kasar mu yi ko da yaushe aka gudanar da matsayi na wani karfi tsakiyar ikon sarki-uba, wanda shi kansa ya yi don ya yi tunani a kan dukan ministocin samarwa dokokin. Saboda da farko Jihar Duma bai bayyana bayan da matsaloli, a karkashin Bitrus I, kuma ko da a karkashin Catherine II, wanda ya shirya convening jiki, irin wannan, a yi aiki da executable majalisar. kawai collegium aka gina.

A ko'ina cikin XIX karni, da magoya bayan na tsarin mulki daular mulkinsu (as a Rasha akwai tsaba a dozin) sun kasance a cikin ni'imar da majalisar dokokin tsarin. A cewar ta, da sarki da kuma ministocin sun ci gaba takardar kudi, da Duma zai tattauna da su, yi canje-canje, da kuma shi aika da samu takardun da za a sanya hannu a wurin sarki.

Duk da haka, saboda da manufofin wasu shugabanni, musamman Nicholas I, 1, Jihar Duma tun da XIX karni a Rasha kuma yana bai bayyana. Daga mahangar hukuncin Elite cewa shi ne mai kyau ãyã, domin zai iya sosai ba dole damu game da kai-nufin a yin dokoki - duk da zaren da aka gudanar a hannun sarki.

Kawai girma na rashin amincewa moods a cikin al'umma tilasta Tsar Nicholas II sanya hannu a manifesto a kan kafa na Duma.

Da farko Jihar Duma bude a watan Afrilu 1906, kuma ya zama wani kyakkyawan hoto na siyasa halin da ake ciki a Rasha a wancan lokaci na tarihi. Kamar yadda suke mambobi na manoma kasa masu, Kasuwanci, ma'aikata. A kasa abun da ke ciki na Duma ya kuma iri-irin. Ya kasance a cikinta, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Rasha, Georgians, Dogayen sanda, Yahudawa da wakilan sauran kabilun. A general, shi ne na farko da jihar Duma a 1906 ya zama real misali na siyasa correctness, wanda zai zama da kishi har yau a Amurka.

Sad, duk da haka, da cewa da farko Duma shi gaba daya m siyasa dodo. A dalilan da wannan ne biyu. Na farko shi ne cewa jihar Duma na farko taro ya ba da zakonosoveschatelnogo jiki, amma a irin siyasa azabtar da zamanin. Dalili na biyu - a kaurace wa Duma ta hagu-reshe sojojin.

Saboda wadannan abubuwa guda biyu, na farko na jihar Duma a watan Yuli na wannan shekara "ya zo" kafin disbanding. M cewa akwai mutane da yawa jita-jita, a cikin al'umma da almarar kimiyya game da karshe yarjejeniyoyin da Duma, wanda, ba zato ba tsammani, aka ba ta tabbatar. Na biyu Duma aka gudanar jim kadan, wanda ya dan kadan mafi m farko, amma mafi kan cewa a cikin wani daban-daban labarin.

Duma na farko taro ya kasance a gare Rasha tarihi, a irin fara batu na demokra] iyya canji. Ko da yake an shirya daga baya, rawar da ya taka a ci gaban parliamentarism farko Duma taka leda.