Cututtuka dangantawa da magani daga likita:-daban da kuma rarrabuwa

Cututtuka dangantawa da magani daga likita, a kai a kai ci karo a asibiti yi. Kuma kada ku zarge da likitoci, suna kokarin aikata duk abin da zai yiwu a jinkirta farko na wadannan rikitarwa. Abin baƙin ciki, kauce wa 'yan kaxan mutane iya.

definition

Wannan zuba jari a cikin manufar "dangantawa da magani daga likita, kamuwa da cuta"? Definition karanta kamar haka: ne wani alamun cutar da ake dasu yanayi, wanda aka lura a marasa lafiya bayan jiyya a wani asibiti ko asibiti ziyara domin magani, ko a cikin wata daya bayan sallama daga asibiti.

Wani sunan ga wannan rukuni na cututtuka - nosocomial cututtuka, ko nosocomial cututtuka. An yi imani da cewa da kamuwa da cuta zo daga wani haƙuri a asibiti, a lokacin da na farko bayyanar cututtuka bayyana ba a baya fiye da kwanaki biyu daga rasit. M yanayin - rashin haƙuri manifestations na wannan kamuwa da cuta kafin jeri a cikin wani likita ma'aikata.

Asibitin kamuwa da cuta dole ne a iya bambanta daga iatrogenic da opportunistic, tun da sun kasance m isa da za a rikita batun. Dauke iatrogenic kamuwa da cuta, abin da ya bayyana saboda da laifi na kiwon lafiya a cikin shakka daga jiyya ko ganewar asali. Opportunistic kuma bayyana a cikin mutane fiye da na rigakafi da tsarin ba zai iya rike da baya a rajistan shiga opportunistic kwayoyin.

Yaduwar

Epidemiology da cututtuka hade da arziki na kula da lafiya,, kuna hukunta da kimomi Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka (CDC) ne m. A cikin United States of daya da rabi miliyan lokuta a kowace shekara, fiye da rabin mutu. A Turai, adadi ne ashirin da dubu biyar, Rasha - dubu talatin. Amma irin wannan low Figures, bã ku magana game da ingancin kula, da matalauta ingancin ilimin kididdiga da bincike.

Domin nosocomial cututtuka na da ka'idodinta yaduwa, wanda bambanta su daga sauran cututtuka irin wannan. Wadannan bambance-bambance ne inji da kuma dalilai na watsa, da bayani dalla-dalla na kamuwa da cuta, da muhimmancin da ma'aikatan asibitin a rike da kara yawan lokuta. Har ila yau, wadannan cututtuka ne da wuya mu bi saboda kwayoyin da cewa rayuwa, a wani asibiti, suna resistant zuwa kwayoyi.

etiology

Pathogens dangantawa da harkokin kiwon lafiya su ne na kowa a fadin duniya. Don kwanan wata, akwai fiye da ɗari biyu da ake dasu jamiái da suke iya sa nosocomial cututtuka. Kafin wannan zamanin na maganin rigakafi sun kasance anaerobic bacillus, streptococci da staphylococci. An yanzu tabbatar da cewa hanyar da kamuwa da cuta iya zama rotavirus, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis ƙwayoyin cuta, har ma da kwayar cutar HIV.

Da yake lokaci mai tsawo a kan ƙasa na asibiti, kananan kwayoyin ne hõre zabin yanayi da kuma maye gurbi, a sakamakon wanda akwai resistant damuwa, wanda wuce disinfectants, da kuma maganin rigakafi kvartsevanie. A kowane mutum asibiti, sashen da har ma da aiki rayuwa su "musamman" kwayoyin.

Sources da sunadaran da watsa

Kalmar "kamuwa dangantawa da harkokin kiwon lafiya" na nufin gaban uku Whales ANNOBA tsari:

- tushen;

- watsa Hanyar.

- saukin kamuwa da mutum.

HAI kafofin iya sayar da marasa lafiya da suke kwance a asibiti na dogon lokaci da kuma gurbata ta microflora, kazalika da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya, kullum lamba tare da guda kwayoyin. Masu ziyara zuwa ranar kula da iyali play a baza nosocomial cututtuka sakandare rawa.

The watsa inji iya zama kusan duk wani: fecal-baka, Airborne, fil ko transmissive. Transfer dalilai ne kayan aikin, na'urorin ga numfasawa da wurare dabam dabam, kwanciya da kuma tufafi, gado, miya da kuma dinki abu, wucin gadi wata gabar jiki, magudanun ruwa da kuma rigar abubuwa. Wadannan sun hada da faucets da sinks, sinks, jiko mafita, tsarkake ruwa, antiseptic mafita, ruwa a vases domin furanni, condensate a cikin iska tsabtatawa tsarin da sauransu.

hadarin kungiyoyin

Cututtuka dangantawa da magani daga likita, marasa lafiya sau da yawa faruwa a cikin mutane tare da raunana na rigakafi da tsarin. Hakika, duk da marasa lafiya a cikin sãɓãwar launukansa digiri, rage m ayyuka na jiki, amma akwai mutanen da suke da mafi saukin kamuwa. Wadannan sun hada da:

- tsofaffi mutane.

- wanda bai kai jarirai da kuma jarirai.

- Marasa lafiya da ciwon daji, autoimmune, rashin lafiyan cututtuka.

- marasa lafiya da suke halartar dogon lokacin da ake gudanar.

- mutanen da suke zaune a tsabtace muhalli m ƙasa.

Jera contingent ne mafi kamanta ga rashin lafiya yayin da a asibiti, don haka ga su bukatar karin kulawa daga likita ma'aikatan.

rarrabuwa

Mene ne iri cututtuka hade tare da kula da lafiya? A duk ya dogara, a kan abin da akai don rarraba su. Alal misali, idan ka dauki hanya, sa'an nan kuma saki: aerosol, sinadirai, contact-Baiti, da kayayyakin aiki, posttranstplantatsionnye, kamuwa da cuta bayan injections, jini, ayyukan, da kuma wasu endoscopic hanyoyin. Tare da ya kwarara, kazalika da sauran cututtuka, nosocomial cututtuka ne m, subacute da kullum, kazalika da tsanani, matsakaici da kuma m siffofin.

Wani bambanci da aka yi tsakanin daban-daban digiri na ruwan dare, wanda zai iya sa kamuwa da dangantaka da kiwon lafiya. Nau'in fara da tsanani lokuta:

- jimlace form: bacteremia, septicemia, pyosepticemia, kwayan buga.

- gargajiya nau'i.

- cututtuka na fata da kuma subcutaneous mai.

- Lower numfashi cututtuka.

- Dental form.

- cututtuka na narkewa kamar tsarin.

- kamuwa da haihuwa da kuma urinary tsarin.

- cututtuka musculoskeletal tsarin.

- cututtuka na cikin juyayi tsarin.

- cututtuka na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini tsarin.

A dalilan da babban abin da ya faru na

Rigakafin cututtuka dangantawa da magani daga likita, da nufin rage overall wajen kisa. Amma abin takaici, a ranar, duk sauna ne m. Babban dalilin wannan - a cikin zargin da Multi-resistant Flora.

Da farko, wannan shi ne saboda kwayoyin mutate, canza dũkiyõyinsu saboda m amfani da maganin rigakafi da kuma disinfectants. Wadannan su ne manufa domin yanayin halittar microflora sakandare multiresistant.

Primary juriya - shi ne halitta ikon da irin wannan kwayoyin su yi tsayayya ga m jamiái. A al'ada na likitoci ga wani dalili to rubũta maganin rigakafi take kaiwa zuwa gaskiya cewa tasiri na lura an rage, da kuma kwayoyin suna zama resistant zuwa kwayoyi. Amma ba kawai likita ma'aikatan ne za zarga. A Rasha, mutane suna amfani da su da kansa sanya wani antibacterials, amma ba bi da umarnin don amfani.

ka'idojin Fleming

Akwai uku manufa Fleming shawarar da World Health Organization.

A farko manufa - rubũta antimicrobials kawai a lokacin da cututtuka wakili ne m zuwa gare su. Wannan zai rage amfani da maganin rigakafi, da likitoci ko da yaushe yin hali ƙwarai karatu na Flora ga magunguna, da fore kwayoyi tare da kunkuntar, directional bakan da aikin.

Doka ta biyu Fleming ya ce wajibi ne a tabbatar da wani tasiri taro da miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin rauni. Wannan mulki zai rage adadin maganin rigakafi amfani da topically da kwayoyi wajabta m dalilai. Bugu da kari, shi zai samar da wata damar soke da miyagun ƙwayoyi a lokaci daya, maimakon a hankali, kazalika da daidaita da kashi da miyagun ƙwayoyi bisa wani haƙuri ta gudanar da bincike na nazarin halittu ruwaye amfanin gona da zarar kowane kwana bakwai.

The uku manufa - bukatar rubũta maganin rigakafi a wani kashi da kuma gabatar da su a wata hanya domin rage illar. Wannan zai yi amfani da kwayoyi mafi tunanin mutuntaka.

da samuwar kwayoyin

Cututtuka hade tare da kula da lafiya, ba zai iya zama ba tare da kwayoyin cutar dako, da ake kira "sifili haƙuri", wanda zai zama marar ganuwa kafofin kamuwa da cuta ga wasu.

Bacteriocarrier - wani nau'i na kamuwa da cuta da cewa yana bayyana lokacin da tsakanin rundunar da kuma m kafa balance a marasa lafiya ba tare da na asibiti manifestations. Immunological halayen ci gaba da faruwa a wannan lokaci. Idan kananan kwayoyin da aka gudanar a cikin wani latent fom in biyar marasa lafiya, ya canjãwa da kaddarorin da kuma zama mafi m.

M ayyuka a cikin wannan hali ne:

- na yau da kullum na asibiti jarrabawa na ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya;

- bacteriological jarrabawa na ma'aikatan asibitin.

- farkon ganewa da kuma lura da kamuwa da likitoci.

- Daily iko da jihar na kiwon lafiya da kiwon lafiya.

Hadari bincike da warkewa hanyoyin

Cututtuka hade tare da kula da lafiya, (IHS) ya bayyana ba kawai bayan da mãsu haƙuri ya jima a asibiti magani, amma bayan wani yawan bincike da warkewa hanyoyin da taimakawa wajen gurbata asibiti Flora. Wadannan sun hada da jini, injections, tiyata transplanting gabobin da kyallen takarda. Daga cikin farfado ne intubation, inhalation maganin sa barci, kayan aiki domin rayuwa goyon baya, da kafa catheters. Har ila yau, kamuwa da cuta na iya faruwa bayan hemodialysis magani, inhalations da dima jiki jiyya.

Rarrabuwa ta Spaulding

Cututtuka dangantawa da magani daga likita, za a iya daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar na'urorin kiwon lafiya. Saboda haka Spaulding raba su ƙungiya uku kungiyoyin, shan a matsayin wata ãyã daga kassa hadarin ƙulla wani asibiti Flora.

Na farko da kungiyar - m. Wadannan sun hada da m kida, catheters, implants, needles, kuma m allura.

Na biyu kungiyar - polukriticheskie: endoscopic da inhalation kayan aiki, kayayyakin aiki, don maganin sa barci, rectal thermometers.

Na uku kungiyar, bi da bi, noncritical. Yana da dukan sauran abubuwa: da jirgin ruwa, jini zaune a yanki, crutches, jita-jita, linens, axillary thermometers.

rigakafin

Rigakafin cututtuka dangantawa da magani daga likita, bisa World Health Organization shawarwari don rigakafin nosocomial cututtuka. A da kyau rigakafin kamata hada da uku bulan:

- minimization kamuwa da cuta daga waje asibiti.

- wariya kamuwa da cuta da mataki a kan annobar aiwatar raka'a;

- da kau da togiya bayan asibiti kamuwa da cuta.

A saboda wannan dalili akwai rufi marasa lafiya da tsanani cututtuka a musamman kwalaye da raba shigar da fitarwa, wanda ba ya sadarwa tare da sauran sashe. Bugu da ƙari kuma, a kowane sashe, da kuma na yanzu dauki janar sanitization kayan aikin da saman. A mita na wadannan abubuwan da ya dogara da bukatar: a ciki magani sassan - wuya, m, bi da bi, mafi kusantar.

magani

Cututtuka dangantawa da magani daga likita, ko da wahala, amma har yanzu amenable miyagun kwayoyi far. Fi dacewa, likita ya furta a takamaiman antimicrobial wakili na kunkuntar bakan na mataki, wanda aka tsara don takamaiman irin pathogen. Amma a yi wannan da wuya ta yiwu, saboda amfanin gona microflora da kuma ji na ƙwarai analysis daukan makonni, da kuma haƙuri yana bukatar da za a bi nan da nan. Saboda haka, likita yana sanya empiric far bisa laákari da karshe. A zabi na kwayoyin dogara a kan likita na ilimi game da abin da Flora ne Marinjãyi a kan sashen.

Domin da pathogens tashi miyagun ƙwayoyi juriya, shi wajibi ne ya yi riko da juyawa da kwayoyi, wato, canza su kowane wata biyu ko uku. Wannan zai taimaka wajen rage juriya da kuma inganta magani sakamakon.