Combinatorial, mutational da kuma gyara canzawa

Gyara canzawa - shi ne quite muhimmanci dũkiyar kwayoyin daidaita da wa external yanayi. Wannan sa da halayen, wanda suke da physiological karbuwa daga cikin jiki ne, ko da yawan al'umar zuwa wani canji a muhalli da yanayi. Alal misali, da rãnã fata ne fiye ko žasa da duhu a kowane mutum.

Gyara canzawa kuma da kaddarorin

Wannan dukiyar da kwayoyin yana da wasu halayyar fasali:

• Gyara canzawa rinjayar kawai phenotype (external siffofin), amma yana da wani sakamako a kan genotype (kayyade bayanai na mutum saita).
• Shi ne yanayin da kungiyar - idan wasu muhalli da yanayi shafi cikin rukuni na kwayoyin, to, duk daga cikin wakilan lura bayyanar da wannan bayyanar cututtuka.
• Reversibility - canje-canje bayyana a karkashin m rinjayar wasu dalilai. Idan canja jiki da sauran yanayi ko kawar da sakamakon abubuwan da canza phenotypic bace.
• A canje-canje da cewa ya faru a ƙarƙashin rinjayar waje dalilai, ba gaji.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa gyara canzawa ne da muhimmanci ga tsari na zabin yanayi. Gaskiyar cewa a cikin yanayi tsira da waɗanda kwayoyin da suke da mafi dace da yanayi, musamman da canji a waje dalilai. Combinatorial da mutational canzawa ba gaba daya na samar da jiki da ikon daidaita.

Gyara canzawa: misalai

A yanayi, wanda zai iya samun m misalai na irin canje-canje a cikin kwayoyin. Kasa aka jera fi na kowa.

• Lokacin da Yunƙurin a tuddai, inda da muhalli da yanayi canza, in mutum ko dabba jini na karuwa a yawan ja da maikacin jini, da barin al'ada oxygen wadata.
• Lokacin da fallasa su hasken ultraviolet ƙãra kasafi farawa pigment a cikin fata kyallen takarda.
• A sakamakon haka, na yau da kullum da zafin jiki tsoka taro ne ƙwarai karu. Bayan ƙarshe na aikin da jiki a hankali hasarar da elasticity da tsokoki rage a size.
• Idan fari Himalayan zomo tafi a cikin matsakaici yanayin damina da kuma aski yanki na jiki, da sabon gashi zai zama m.
• Idan itatuwa ne riga cikakken kumbura ganye, da kuma da dare za su yi fama da yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa sifili, da safe za ku lura da wani rarrabe m ya dafa.

Domin gane yanayin gyara na'urorin, shi wajibi ne don la'akari da sauran siffofin canzawa.

combinatorial canzawa

Irin wannan canzawa ne a sakamakon da recombination kwayoyin halitta a gametes hadin wasika. Yanzu la'akari da wani misali: idan baby ta uba kore idanu da kuma duhu gashi, shi da uwarsa - mai farin gashi gashi kuma blue idanu. A yaro iya haife shi a wani kore idanu da kuma farin gashi gashi ko duhu gashi kuma blue idanu. Yana da wadannan phenotypic canje-canje suna bayar da combinatorial canzawa daga zuriyarsa.

mutational canzawa

Canje-canje bayyana a cikin daukan hotuna na jiki na mutagens sinadaran, ta jiki ko nazarin halittu yanayi. Mutational canzawa sabanin canji:

• Yana taso spontaneously, kuma shi ne kusan ba zai yiwu ba a hango ko hasashen.
• Ana sa canje-canje a cikin kwayoyin abu.
• mutational canje-canje resistant kuma gaji.
• maye gurbi iya zama ko dai benign ko hanyar cuta ko mutuwa.
• ba su dogara a kan muhalli da yanayi.
• faruwa a wasu mutane;

Kamar yadda ka gani, da canzawa - shi ne mai matukar hadaddun aiwatar da cewa ya shafi duka biyu da genotype da phenotype halaye. Shi ne saboda gyare-gyare, haduwa da kuma maye gurbi na kwayoyin hankali canza, inganta da kuma adapting to canje-canje.