Wane ne Stiven Hoking? Rayuwa da kuma aiki na Stephen Hawking

Wane ne Stiven Hoking? Wannan tambaya ne tãyar da mutane da yawa da suka ga farko masanin kimiyya a talabijin ko karanta articles. Furofesoshi za a iya samu a ko'ina - a cikin labarai watsa shirye-shiryen na halittu, mujallar kimiyya da kuma ko da a ka fi so jerin. Domin da yawa tambaya taso: "A masanin kimiyya a keken hannu - me ke sunansa?" Amsa - Stiven Hoking. Biography tare da hotuna zuwa taimake ka ka koyi game da wannan mutum umneyshem more.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma samartaka

Birtaniya masanin kimiyyar da aka haife shi a Oxford, Janairu 8, 1942. Mahaifinsa, Frank, aiki a Hampstead Health Research Center, da kuma mahaifiyarsa, Isabel, yi aiki a can a matsayin Sakatare. Steve yana da 2 da 'yan'uwanku mãtã - Filibus, da Maryamu kuma dauki reno-wa Edward.

Future masanin kimiyya girma talakawa yaro da kuma bai nuna wani fice damar iya yin komai. Ya ƙaunar da tattara elektroparovoziki da kuma tattara model na daban-daban kayan aiki.

A cewar mahaifiyarsa, Stephen riga a makaranta ya kasance kamar kadan masanin kimiyyar ya ungainly adadi, manyan tabarau da kuma soyayya da kimiyya da muhawara. Takwarorina kira shi wonks da Einstein, amma duk da wadannan sunayen laƙabi, wani masanin kimiyya ya ba ta kasance. Ya fĩfĩta kimiyyar lissafi, lissafi da kuma sunadarai, da kuma sauran ilmomin ya ravnodushen.Tem Duk da haka, kimantawa sun yarda da shi don zuwa Oxford University.

cuta

The University Stiven Hoking ji dadin fun na dalibi rayuwa, da halartar jam'iyyun da kuma kwale. Nazarin, ya sadaukar da lokaci kadan, yin kawai abin da yake wajibi. The hali a lokacin da rana daya Hawking cika da aiki tare da wanda 'yan'uwansa dalibai iya ba jimre ga wani mako.

A shekara ta uku ta Hawking fara lura da wani wasu awkwardness, ya sau da yawa fadi da kika aika abubuwa. Bayan wani m fall, ya tafi zuwa ga wani likita, amma likita ya ba su samu dalilin da ya damu da ya shawarci] alibai da su sha kasa giya da yalwa da sauran.

Stephen sauke karatu daga Oxford da karrama. A mataki na gaba a samun digiri a kimiyyar lissafi ya zama Cambridge. Jihar ilimi da kiwon lafiya rincabewa da m iya ba da ake danganta su gajiya ko ɗĩmuwa. A cikin shekaru 21, Hawking je wurin likita sake.

A wannan lokaci, wani mafi tsanani binciken da aka gudanar. Likitoci sun gano cewa, cutar progresses da kuma Steven live akwai ba fiye da shekaru biyu. Atrophic kaikaice sclerosis (Lou cuta Goering) - wata cuta da ke halaka jijiya Kwayoyin alhakin tsoka iko. The rashin lafiya progresses da hankali jiki aiki fades, inna da kuma ƙarshe suka ƙaryata game da numfashi tsokoki, wadda take kaiwa zuwa mutuwa.

Kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi ne m cuta kowa a mutane girmi 50 shekaru da kuma marasa lafiya mutu a cikin 2.5 shekaru bayan ganewar asali. A togiya zuwa biyu dokoki ya zama Farfesa Stiven Hoking. Biography of masana kimiyya iya zama disappointingly takaice, amma yanzu ya riga 73 years old.

Personal rai

Wane ne Stiven Hoking? Ba wai kawai shahararrun masanin kimiyya, wanda a lokacin rayuwarsa ya zama kusan wani labari, amma kuma wani farin ciki uba da kakan. Family da kuma sabon soyayya da taimako sosai saurayi ya daidaita zuwa wani sabon rai bayan da mummunan ganewar asali. Cutar cigaban sannu a hankali, wadda a yarda Stephen hankali saba wa yanayin.

Bakin Ciki da pessimistic yanayi taimaka wajen shawo kan nasara a aikin da ya fara wata dangantaka da wata yarinya, Dzheyn Uayld. Future matarsa zama Muse, mataimakin kuma aboki na masanin kimiyya. Domin financially m su nan gaba, Hawking fara aiki. A shekarar 1965 ya auri Jane bayan wani shekara na dangantaka. A 1967 da ya tilasta wa fara yin amfani da crutches da kuma a cikin wannan shekara da aka haife farinsa. A wasu yara biyu, Stephen hadu riga a keken hannu.

A shekarar 1985, a lokacin da tafiya zuwa birnin Geneva, Hawking kamu da ciwon huhu. Wannan cuta ne mai hadarin gaske ga mutane da kaikaice sclerosis. Steven yake a cikin tsanani yanayin, da kuma likitoci da shawarar Jane don ba da damar terminally rashin lafiya mijinta ya mutu a zaman lafiya. Amma sai ta yanke shawarar zuwa yãƙi ga mijinta ta rayuwa da ƙarshen kuma dauki shi gida a Cambridge, inda shi yiwuwa a shawo kan kamuwa da cuta. Don sauƙaƙe numfashi, likitoci sun aka tilasta gudanar da wani tracheotomy. The masanin kimiyyar ya rasa duk ikon magana.

Jane ya wuya a jimre da matsalolin da 'ya'ya uku da kuma mijinta, kuma bayan da aiki, suka yi hayar wani m Elayn Meyson. Saboda bambance-bambance da kuma rikitarwa halin da ake ciki a gidan Stephen ya rabu da matarsa da kuma ya koma gidansa nas a shekarar 1990. Saki matarsa kusantar up a shekarar 1991, da kuma riga a 1995, Hawking aure Elaine.

Da aure dade shekaru 11 da aka tare da m scandals a cikin latsa. Mutane da yawa da ake zargi da cewa mace aure daga m muradi da wulakanta mijinta. A 2004, Stephen ko da ya kira a ga tambayar da 'yan sanda, don haka ya bayyana asalin yawa raunuka. The masanin kimiyyar ya musanta zargin da ma'auratan, amma shi ke har yanzu samu saki 2 shekaru daga baya. Yau ya ba da aure, da kuma a kusa lamba tare da 'ya'yansu da jikoki.

kujera

A shekarar 1970, Hawking bai iya motsa a kan nasu, kuma ya fara yin amfani da keken hannu, talakawa na farko, daga baya tare da iska mota. Wane ne Stiven Hoking ba tare da kujera, da damar da farfesa ya ci gaba da aiki, duk da dire jihar kiwon lafiya? Wannan hoton na masanin kimiyya a wata babbar kujera napichkanom na'urorin lantarki don haka tunawa townsfolk. Saboda sha'awa a cikin mutum daya daga cikin kwatance na ta aiki Hawking ya zaɓi popularization na kimiyya.

Bayan tracheotomy prenesennoy kimiyya aiki farfesa aka barazana, saboda shi ne kusan iya sadarwa. Ya yi amfani da katunan tare da haruffa, ya nuna da ake so yunkuri na girare. Zane up wata kalma dauki cikakken minti daya. The real nasara a cikin sadarwa tsarin ne amfani da kwamfuta. Rarrafe a fadin allo haruffa da kuma kalmomi, wanda za a iya kayyade tare da yatsa latsa clicker.
Engineer Devid Meyson taimake ƙirƙirar šaukuwa kwamfuta da cewa za a iya shigar a kan keken hannu, kuma ya kawota ta shahara Hawking lantarki murya tare da wani American lafazi. Af, Stephen yi imanin cewa muryar katunan kasuwanci da kuma ba ya bari shi a lokacin da da haɓaka hardware da software.

Yanzu masana kimiyya yatsunsu suna gurgunta da ya, tare da mataimakin ƙirƙira wani sabon sadarwa tsarin. Yanzu kwamfutarka za a iya sarrafawa da Na'urar haska infakrasnogo yi garkuwa twitching ya kuncin dama.

kimiyya aiki

A yanayi na baki ramuka - daya daga cikin yankunan da ake sha'awar Stiven Hoking. Mashahuri masanin kimiyya ne da daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa jimla cosmology. Fitar da sakamakon bincikensa sa a furor a cikin kimiyya al'umma. A farfesa ya yi imanin cewa baki rami ba gaba daya sha da bayanai, da ya tarwatsa, da kuma sake akalla evaporation. Wannan radiation ne mai suna bayan Hawking.

A farfesa ne aiki ba kawai a kan rubuta littattafan da articles, amma kuma yana ba jama'a laccoci, halartar kimiyya taro a duniya, amsa a talabijin nuna da kuma bayar da hirarraki. Ya yayi Magana game da ci gaban na wucin gadi m da kuma mulkin mallaka na sauran duniyoyi taimaka a binciken kiwon lafiya da kuma shi ne sha'awar a cikin halittar exoskeletons cewa ba da damar mutane da nakasa wa zama cikakken rai.

popularization na kimiyya

Saboda da fitarwa, Farfesa Stiven Hoking yake yi yawa ~ aka kimiyya. Ya farko littafin mai suna "A Brief History of Time" da aka buga a 1988, ya zama wani bestseller, da kuma shi ne m ga wannan rana. An rubuta cikin sauki harshe ga talakawa mutane nĩsantarwa daga duniyar kimiyya.

Sauran sananne littattafai Hawking - "Black Ramukan da kuma Baby kaunun da kuma sauran makala," "The Universe a cikin wani dunƙule". Sun gaya game da abinda ke ciki na baki ramukan, da na'urar da sarari-lokaci da kuma Big Bang. The masanin kimiyya rubuta a yara littafin co-wallafa tare da 'yarsa. Ta gaya wa yara game da halittu da kuma ake kira "George ta Asirin Key to halittu".

Stiven Hoking - marubucin m kimiyya shirye-shirye game da sarari, "Stephen Hawking ta Universe", "A duniya tare da Sivenom Hawking," "Grand Design da Stephen Hawking."

Mass Media

The sunan farfesa ne sau da yawa ake magana a kai a cikin daban-daban nuna da kuma talabijin shirye-shirye, wanda shi ne yarda da shiga Stiven Hoking. Rayuwa da kuma aiki da masanin kimiyya ne da aka nuna a cikin biyu alama fina-finai, "Ka'idar Duk abin" da "Hawking". Ya na da cameo a cikin rare jerin matasa lissafin kimiyya, "The Big Bang Theory" da kuma TV jerin "Star Trek: The Next Generation" da haruffa a "The Simpsons" da "Futurama" Stephen busa da kansa.

Bugu da kari, image na masanin kimiyya a keken hannu da kuma sunansa da aka yi amfani da wani babbar dama dama fina-finai, TV series da littattafai.

Kallon fina-finai da kuma karanta littafin, za ka iya zuwa cikakken amsa wa kansu da tambaya: "Wane ne Stiven Hoking?".