Chemosynthesis - wani irin autotrophic abinci mai gina jiki

A yanayi, akwai hanyoyi da dama don samar da jiki. Sun dogara ne a kan halaye da tsarin, ci gaba da kuma mazauninsu yanayin da kwayoyin. Chemosynthesis - wannan shi ne daya daga cikinsu. Ga wasu kwayoyin, shi ne hali da kuma a cikin abin da yanayi zai yiwu? Wadannan da sauran tambayoyi zai amsa mana labarin.

autotrophs

A manyan hanyoyi biyu na samar da kwayoyin - shi ne hetero- da autotrophic. A farko ya auku a shirye assimilation na gina jiki: sunadarai, lipids, kuma carbohydrates. Sabõda haka ku ci dabbobi, fungi, wasu kwayoyin. Autotrophs ne iya haduwa kwayoyin abubuwa daga inorganic karkashin wani yanayi. Wannan rukuni na kwayoyin ne tsire-tsire da kuma musamman kungiyar na kwayoyin.

Jinsunan autotrophic hanyar cin abinci ne photosynthesis da chemosynthesis. Babban bambancin shi ne tushen samar da makamashi ga rayuwa. Chemosynthesis - a hanyar samar a da hadawan abu da iskar shaka na inorganic mahadi. Domin gudanar da wannan tsari ba duk rayayyun kwayoyin halitta.

chemotroph

Kan aiwatar da chemosynthesis, ya bude a 1887 ta shahara Rasha masanin kimiyya S. N. Vinogradovym, shi ne halayyar da wani rukuni na single-celled prokaryotes. Wadannan sun hada da baƙin ƙarfe, sulfur da nitrifying kwayoyin. Dukansu suna da dacewa nerganicheskie oxidize abubuwa. Saboda haka, da baƙin ƙarfe ne tuba daga di- zuwa trivalent da sinadaran dauki of hadawan abu da iskar shaka. A hydrogen sulfide - a wani sauki abu, watau sulfur ... Nitrifying kwayoyin ne na musamman muhimmancin a yanayi.

Bayan bazuwar da kuma putrefaction kwayoyin halitta saki ammonia. Group nitrifying kwayoyin oxidize da abu zuwa nitric acid. Narkewa a cikin ruwa, wannan abu Forms narkewa gishiri. A sakamakon haka, shuke-shuke, tsotsa fitar da su daga gona, wadãtar da nitrogen, da gaban wanda yake shi ne zama dole yanayin ga ci gaban da tushen tsarin. Saboda haka, chemosynthesis - shi ne tsari na samar da zama dole kayan ana daban-daban kungiyoyin na kwayoyin lokaci guda.

phototrophic

Wani rukuni na autotrophic kwayoyin ne tsire-tsire. Suna amfani ga samar da kwayoyin abubuwa hasken rana. Saboda haka, da hanyar da abincin su ne ake kira phototrophic. Wannan tsari mai yiwuwa ne kawai a musamman kwayoyin halitta - chloroplast. Sun ƙunshi wani colorant - pigment chlorophyll.

Shi ya paints da photosynthetic sassa na autotrophic kwayoyin a kore. Shi ne kuma dole yanayin wannan tsari ne gaban ruwa da carbon dioxide, wanda aka saki a sakamakon numfasawa na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. A tsari na photosynthesis yana da muhimmanci planetary muhimmanci. Gaskiyar cewa kafa ba kawai carbohydrate glucose, wanda aka yi amfani phototrophic a matsayin makamashi Madogararsa, amma kuma oxygen, a sakamakon yayyo. Ba tare da wannan tsari na numfashi gas ne ba zai yiwu, ya kuma inganta rayuwar kanta.

Ba kamar chemosynthesis photosynthesis

Duk da cewa biyu jinsin suna dauke sama aiwatar autotrophic hanyar cin abinci, kuma suna da wani yawan gagarumin bambance-bambance.

Photosynthesis shi yiwuwa ba tare da wutar lantarki. Haka kuma, shi ya auku ne kawai a gaban Kwayoyin a cikin chloroplast. Chemosynthesis - wani tsari da ya auku ba tare da kasancewar wadannan yanayi, amma kawai a kwayoyin.

Suka sãɓã wa jũna, kuma da nazarin halittu darajar. Phototrophic samar da dukan abubuwa masu rai tare da oxygen. Kwayoyin cutar yi wurare dabam dabam na nitrogen, sulfur da kuma sauran abubuwa.

Wani muhimmin bambanci ne sakamakon cewa an samu kai tsaye autotrophic kwayoyin wa kansu. Photosynthetic shuke-shuke samar da carbohydrate glucose. Ha, kwayoyin na cewa abu samar polysaccharide sitaci. Shi ne mai ajiye shuka gina jiki. Chemotroph hada kwayoyin abubuwa ba kai tsaye ba, amma ta hanyar da kwayoyin da na ATP - adenosine triphosphate. Wannan abu ne mai irin makamashi store a cikin sel rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. Idan dole, shi ne raba. Wannan tsari ya auku a dama matakai, a kowanne daga abin da wani adadin na makamashi da aka saki. Kuma ta yin amfani chemotroph ga rayuwa tafiyar matakai.

Saboda haka, photosynthesis da chemosynthesis ne irin hanyoyin da za a autotrophic abinci mai gina jiki na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta, wadda kansu samar da makamashi zama dole don su girma da kuma ci gaba.