American M16 inji: bayani dalla-dalla, kwatanta da fafatawa a gasa

M16 inji - babban makamai na Amurka Marine Corps, tun tsakiyar karni na karshe. Samfurin tsaye daya daga cikin mafi m, na kowa model na atomatik makamai a duniya.

Daga farkon jerin samar da har zuwa yanzu an saki game da miliyan takwas kofe. Duk da zargin da dama gyare-gyare da kuma da dama zabi cewa zai iya gasa tare da model M16 bindiga har yanzu ci gaba da ji dadin widest bukatar kasuwa. Kuma ban sha'awa a cikin wannan makami ba musamman ga masu sana'a sojoji, amma kuma da wakilan ƙungiyoyin bangaren.

ci gaba Tarihi

A bukata kafun ga ci gaban da M16 inji sun sakamakon musamman bincike a lokacin ALCLAD aikin da nufin gano da Sanadin raunin da mutuwar sojojin Amurka a lokacin tun yakin duniya na kuma kawo karshen Korean War. A sakamakon ya nuna cewa game da 70% na raunin da sun kasance a cikin shrapnel raunuka a fagen yaƙi. Raunuka a kananan makamai lissafta kawai 20% na jimlar.

Babban ƙarshe na bincike da aka bukatar haifar da makamai, wanda zai ba da damar da za su gudanar atomatik wuta kananan zamo harsasai da kadan tasiri. Kayyade siga yi damar tafiyar da hari a nesa na game da mita 500.

Haka kuma, tun shekara ta 1957, babban umurnin da US Army ya soma gasar wajen samar da mafi kyau hur bindiga zamo kamar kasa da 5.5 mm. Daga cikin sauran bukatun lura: yiwuwar harbe-harben biyu guda da kuma atomatik yanayin, gaban isasshe capacious harsashi shop, da ikon na shigar azzakari cikin farji aminci kwalkwali a nesa na mita 400.

da dukan yawa bincike da aka gabatar da su ga sojojin shugabanci. Duk da haka, shi ya juya ga zama mafi alamar model AR-15 zamo 5,56 mm. Saboda low taro ƙofar sunadaran samfurin kungiyar nuna high matakan da daidaito a lokacin da harbe-harben yaƙi guda kuri'a da kuma queues.

A shekarar 1964, wani m kewayon AR-15 bindigogi na gyare-gyare da aka sanya, bayan da ta ba da wani sabon sunan - atomatik M16. Tun da 1996, da samfurin da aka hukumance soma da US Army, ya aka yi amfani a matsayin kaya kashi na sojin rundunar jiragen ruwa a Vietnam. Duk da haka, a lokacin da anihin bindiga tabbatar da quite unreliable bindigogi. Saboda haka, daga baya muna da yin mahara inganta model.

M16 Atomatik: fasaha bayani dalla-dalla

Don fi gane abin da yake a kan gungumen azaba, shi wajibi ne a yi la'akari da halaye na model. Popular Bindigar yana da wadannan sigogi:

• Zamo - 5.5 mm;
• nauyi bel da kuma ba tare da ƙarin aka gyara - 3.1 kg.
• kantin sayar da misali nauyi (unloaded) - 117 g;
• bindiga da harshen arrester tsawon - 991 mm.
• ganga tsawon - 508 mm.
• makamai tsawon lodi bayoneti - 1120 mm.
• tasiri kewayon - 400 m.
• harbe-harben rate - har zuwa 950 akai-akai da minti.
• farawa gudun harsashi tashi - 1,000 mita biyu.

Cusp

Ta yaya atomatik M16? Housing misali model bambanta fairly sauki taron. Da mai karɓar kunshi biyu raba halves - saman da kasa. Dukansu suna sanya na ƙirƙira aluminum workpieces sarrafa a high ainihin inji. Yau akwai kuma samfurori da kasuwanci amfani da dauke dukan karɓar, milled daga m aluminum billet.

Connection na biyu tsarin sassa na model aka yi ta yin amfani da su kẽta fasteners a cikin nau'i na dari wanda aka sauƙi cire daga gidaje. Wannan yanayin muhimmanci simplifies disassembly M16 for tsaftacewa ayyukan ƙwarai, kuma shirya tabbatarwa sunadaran makamai.

manufa na aiki

M16 - inji, cikinsa da propellant gas ana karkatar da daga ganga tashar, wucewa ta bakin ciki tube cewa yana da wani tasiri a kan ƙofar frame, cewa shi ne, shi motsa baya. Bugu da ari, rufe aka juya su, sa'ilin da kama fitarwa daga ganga. Ƙofar frame aka koma ƙarƙashin rinjayar da saura matsa lamba generated a cikin masallãci. Sa'an nan kuma ya exerts matsa lamba a kan recoil spring, inda da hannun riga da aka fita daga ganga. Don sauƙaƙe makamai recharge tsari, da developers sun aiwatar da wasu rufe fada a raya matsayi.

The jawo inji

A kan tushen da manufa na aiki American atomatik M16? Photo USM model nuna matsananci kama da aiki shirye-shirye tare da ciko shotgun alama "Browning Auto-5." Halaye na aiki a jawo tsarin da aka zaba ta hanyar tsoma (farar hula model) ko uku-wuri (soja makamai) sauya. A karshen da aka located a kan hagu a cikin mai karɓar sama da makama.

Yana yiwuwa a kafa sauya a dama matsayi. Kowane daga cikinsu shi ne alhakin aiki da makamai a cikin mutum halaye:

• Safe - su hana mai haɗari sallama.
• Semi - harbe-harben guda Shots.
• Auto - harbe-harben a atomatik yanayin.
• Fashe - wani aikin jerin gwano na 3 Shots (da aikin wakilci a modified model M16A2 da M16A4).

gani

Kamar yadda wani sighting na'urar amfani triangular gaban gani. Karshe 'yan sa da baya, wanda ya sa ya yiwu kula da m wuta feathered bindiga da gurneti.

Wurin ɓuya a rike a lokacin da shari makamai. Its sanyi da aka yi ta canza yawan akafi musamman flywheel, akayi nufi don gyara.

Zabuka

A misali tsari, M16 inji qunshi wajen domin tsaftacewa da makamai, wanda aka shirya a anga. A ɓangaren dama na mai karɓar yana da wani "rammer" ƙofar. A karshen da aka yi amfani da lokuta a lokacin da low a kan ikon, wanda aka bayar da Hakika na sama spring.

M16 - inji wanda za a iya sanye take da wani gurnati shirin mai gabatarwa 40 mm. Modern versions na samfurin ma dauke da ƙarfe shiryar don hawa daban-daban iri kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta.

A M16A2 aka wakilta gyaggyarawa da reflector, wanda ya sa ya yiwu da harbe-harben da duka biyu, dama da hagu kafada.

shop

Dining patrons akwati ne saboda da 'yan biyayya na biyu-jere akwatin mujallar. Kamar yadda za a iya gani a tsohon hotuna M16 inji asali zo tare da wani samfuri na oversized Stores damar 20 akai-akai. Daga baya, karfe da kuma aluminum tsarin da aka ɓullo da ga harsasai na 30 guda.

A halin yanzu, domin cikakken bindiga samuwa a cikin m kewayon shagunan da daban-daban damar: daga 7-10 harsashi ga samfurori yi nufi ga farar hula amfani, kuma har zuwa 40 harsasai a cika fama model amfani da paramilitaries.

gyare-gyare

American M16 na'ura gun yana da dama manyan gyare-gyare. Shi ne, da farko, kuma farkon - wani bindiga M16A1 da M16A2.

M16A1 model na umurni inganta version na misali samfurin taro. Daga cikin amfani inganta kamata a lura da bayyanar da inji "ramming" ƙofa m harshen arrester, da kuma inganta kara buffer. Don kammala sabon tsarin raya by wani ya fi girma kantin sayar da 30 akai-akai da kuma tasiri silencer iya suppressing sauti tãguwar ruwa a lokacin da harbe-harben harsasai da misali 5.5 mm.

Wani gyara - M16A2 - ganga sanye take da high ƙarfi, inganta sighting na'urorin, butt sanya na buga-resistant polyamide, da kuma sabon hannu da dantse. Kamar baya model, da samfurin fara da za a sanye take da hur roba shopping for 30 akai-akai.

Bi da bi, kan na sama gyare-gyare da aka ɓullo da wani yawan inji bindigogi, bindigogi da kuma submachine bindigogi:

1. M-4 - guntu, hur version na M16A2 Bindigar da wani ingantaccen karfafa muzzle birki.
2. M733 - wani bindiga, kuma aka sani da aholakin Kommando. Ana amfani da Amurka sojojin musamman sojojin, 'yan sanda a matsayin babban atomatik makami.
3. SR-47 - damar yin amfani da Stores daga AKM da kuma harbe-harben manyan-zamo ammonium.
4. Barrett REC7 - Bindigar, ɓullo kan M16 harsashi ga harbe-harben da latest samfurin 6.8 mm zamo.
5. SIG 716 - inji for harsashi na 7,62 mm (NATO misali).

Common tunani iri iri game da aiki na M16

Dukansu masu amfani da kuma masana a al'adance idan aka kwatanta M16 da Kalashnikov hari bindiga. Bayan wadannan samfurori da kananan makamai da aka lura m amfani a cikin shahararrun soja rikice-rikice.

Akwai da dama kurakurai, shan la'akari da mafi akai-akai da kuma kwantanta Kalashnikov kuma M16. Next, dubi wasu daga cikinsu.

A farko misconception - a low matakin na AMINCI na M16. A bukata kafun ga samuwar ra'ayi sun abubuwan da suka faru na marigayi 60-ies karni na karshe, a lokacin da a cikin makamai na Amurka Army samu na farko M16 (inji wanda halaye ba dace da aka sani da kuma yarda da kayyade bukatun). Bayan gyara kututturan da Ƙofar sunadaran amfani da so iri harsashi matsaloli tare da aiki da bindiga kusan bace.

A Rasha adabi har yanzu akwai ambaci na gaskiya cewa M16 bukatar sosai yau da kullum tsaftacewa - game da kowane 300 Shots. A gaskiya, da misali samfurori ne iya aiki yadda ya kamata ba tare da bukatar goyon baya, da jawabin game 50-60 harsasai Stores.

A gaskiya, a cikin filin bauta wa irin wannan makami ne babu wuya fiye da guda Kalashnikov hari bindiga, da kuma a dama da maki ko da sauki. A musamman domin tsabtace aikin na bukatar disassembly samfurin ga m aka gyara. Wadannan ayyuka suna yi ga sabis bindiga:

1. Matse fitar da raya fil a karɓa. Kamar yadda da wajen a hannun shi ya ishe su yi amfani da wata al'ada harsashi. Sa'an nan fasteners cire a cikin shugabanci da dama.
2. Mai karɓar yakan kuma shuke-shuke ga gaban fil.
3. Tare da taimakon na rike sanda cocking nunin kungiyar an cire, bayan da za ka iya ci gaba zuwa sabis nasa.
4. The m taro na dabarar da aka yi a baya domin.

Shi ne ya kamata a lura cewa bukatar aiwatar da sama mataki na faruwa ne kawai a isasshe tsanani makami samu. Game da tsaftacewa da sauran gyara, wani lokacin yana bukatar yankin Flushing gas bututu. A saboda wannan dalili, musamman tsaftacewa wakili ko wani al'ada kananzir.

Wani kuskure ne ya shafi mikakke layout na M16. An yi imani da cewa wannan yana sa wani gagarumin karuwa a cikin profile na kibiya da abokan gaba yayin da harbe-harben. Duk da haka, a lokacin da amfani da layi ya juya daga cewa a lokacin da harbi na boye da tsawo line na gani an karu da kawai 2 santimita a kwatanta da AK-47. To, a lokacin da harbe-harben daga yiwuwa matsayi da cikakken bindiga kananan-sized Stores kayyade siga da kuma kasa.

An yi imani da cewa atomatik M16 ne m, ko ba dace da hali na m fama. Don gane da yadda gaskiya wannan ra'ayi, shi wajibi ne don kula da layout na duk gyare-gyare bindiga musamman fasteners ga shigarwa na wani bayoneti karkashin ganga.

Hakika, da yanayin da kayayyakin amfani a cikin yi da kuma jama'ar siffofin ba samar da wani samfurin aiki domin yin karan fita ƙofar da butt ko da amfani da makamai kamar yadda ya da. Duk da haka, a cikin melee cewa shi ne a yanzu da wuya ya faru a lokacin ainihin fama, da M16 iya quite nasarar da za a yi amfani da wadannan dalilai. A general, shi ya kamata a fahimci cewa talakawa dakaru, kuma bindigogi, bayar da sabis bindiga, wanda yake shi ne mafi kyau duka bayani gudanar da fadace-fadace a kusa da iyaka.

a ƙarshe

Kamar yadda za a iya gani, da mutuncinsu, da American M16 bindiga sun ninka da disadvantages. Ba abin mamaki ba cewa jerin inji tsiwirwirinsu matsayi na makami da lambar 1 ba kawai a cikin US Army. Daban-daban gyare-gyare na misali samfurin nasarar kawo su sabis a da yawa kasashen EROPA, Asia da kuma ko da a sabis a wasu jihohi.

A halin yanzu, izini da m management na sojojin Amurka da aka rayayye aiki a kan halittar m atomatik makamai m da wani zamani atomatik M16 tura a cikin bango. Duk da wannan, da bindigogi da wannan iyali har yanzu ba za a iya cire daga sabis da kuma amfani da sojojin Amurka a cikin mafi zafi spots na duniya.