Budget ragi - An ... Kayyade haddasawa. Mene ne ragi?

An yi imani da cewa kasafin kudin ragi - wanda shi ne mai kyau ga jihar. Daya hanyar ko wancan? Don amsa wannan tambaya, shi wajibi ne don sanin definition. Saboda haka, abin da yake da ragi? Next za a tattauna game da wannan.

Mene ne ragi?

Mun fara da definition. Budget ragi - tabbatacce balance na cinikayya balance. A wasu kalmomin, samun kudin shiga ya wuce kudi. Akwai kuma manufar "primary" ragi da kuma "sakandare". Kusan duk jihohin da taƙawa. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi ne wajibi na tarayya, rance shaidu. "Primary" kasafin kudin ragi - gwargwado ban da kudin, don tare jama'a bashi. Alal misali, bayan duk kashe kudi alkawura a cikin kasafin kudin bar game da $ 1 trillion. Biya a kan wajibai na tarayya, rance shaidu - 0.1 tiriliyan daloli. Saboda haka, 0.9 tiriliyan - wani "secondary" ragi. Ba shi da wani definition.

"Secondary" kasafin kudin ragi - ne balance bayan cire dukkan jama'a alkawura. Muhimmanci Figures - dangantaka zuwa GDP. } Asashensu ya - shi ne mai macroeconomic nuna alama cewa ya nuna da matakin samar a kasar. Ba tare da shi babu hankali don nazarin da ragi. Alal misali, a cikin kasafin kudin akwai game da 1 dala biliyan. Ta yaya domin ayyana - mai yawa ko kadan? Don yin wannan, kwatanta shi da babban kasa samfurin a matsayin mai yawan. Alal misali, GDP na shekara amounted zuwa Amurka $ 1 trillion. Da ragi a cikin wannan yanayin ne daidai da 0.1%.

budgeting

Menene ragi, gaira, da daidaita kasafin kudin? La'akari da jinsi. Wajen kasafin kudi ya kasu kashi uku iri:

1. Ragi - mun riga da aka ba shi da shiba. Kudaden shiga wuce kudi.
2. Daidaita - kudaden shiga da kuma kashe kudi ba ne daidai.
3. Gaira - ciyarwarsu wuce kudaden shiga.

Muna fatan cewa shi ne bayyananne. Da sanin jigon wadannan Concepts za a iya amsa ta mafi kasafin kudin: gaira ko ragi? A duban farko alama cewa na biyu daya. Mun yarda cewa shi ne mafi alhẽri a lõkacin da kudi hagu fiye da lokacin da ba su da isasshen. Amma shi ne da jihar kasafin kudin? Bari mu kara.

Ragi - shi ke mai da?

Ba shi yiwuwa a yi zaton cewa karin kudi a cikin kasafin kudin - shi ne mai kyau. A gaskiya shi ne ba. Yana da kyau ga tattalin arzikin a lokacin da jihar kasafin kudin gaira ne kananan, amma an aro kudi don rufe da shi, fiye da wata babbar ragi. Me ya sa haka?

Gaskiyar cewa tattalin arzikin bukatar samuwa kudi, kudi. Akwai ba zai iya zama ba tare da ci gaban zuba jari. Lokacin da kudi ajiye a cikin kasafin kudin, kuma ma fiye da haka a cikin wani iri-iri na jari kudi, wannan ba wani hadin siyasa, t. Don. The kudi ba ya je ga ci gaba. Wannan shi ne daidai da mutane miliyan sa a karkashin matashin kai maimakon zuba jari da shi a cikin riba kasuwanci da kuma samun sau biyu a shekara.

Yana a] en da manufofin da tsohon ministan kudi Kudrin ya kafa a Rasha 'yan ajiye kudi. Hakika, da kafofin watsa labarai da'awar cewa shi ne mai kyau. Lokacin da aka ganimar daga high farashin hydrocarbons, mun kasance iya tara a butar, wanda aka yi amfani da lokacin da rikicin.

Duk da haka, da yawa tattalin arziki ba su yi tunanin haka. Suna jayayya cewa maimakon ceton kudi a cikin kudi, za su iya zuba jari a cikin daban-daban ayyukan. Wannan zai ba da damar ya sarrafa da tattalin arziki da kuma samun kashe da "mai allura". The sosai ex-ministan Kudrin yi magana quite a fili a kan wannan batun. Ya yi imani cewa kudi da aka kawai sata da kuma a sakamakon za a kome. Saboda haka shi ne mafi alhẽri kiyaye su fiye da su a hannuna a Aljihuna na jami'an.

Ina surpluses? Bari mu bincika abubuwa da jihar kasafin kudin ragi.

dalilai

Nature ganimar bayyanar shi ne mai sauki: kasarmu shi ne dogara a kan fitar da kaya na raw kayan. Su asusun for game da rabin na gwamnati kudaden shiga. A Rasha, wanda aka shirya ciyarwarsu a kan tushen da yau farashin man. A farkon 2017, a ganga na baki zinariya a duniya kasuwanni asusu domin game da 50 daloli. Gwamnatin kayansa mãsu saukar da farashin a nan gaba, sanin girma na samar da tallace-tallace. Idan fitarwa zama guda, da kuma farashin a duniya kasuwanni rebounded sharply, ce, $ 100 ganga, kasar mu, sunã da wata babbar ragi. Yana da wani hadari mafi muhimmanci Manuniya dangane da GDP sun mai-aikawa ƙasashe: Kuwait (22.7% a 2010), Norway (10.5% a 2010).

Mai daidaita kasafin kuɗi a cikin raya ƙasashe, wanda samun kudin shiga ba ya dogara ne a kan fitar da kaya na raw kayan: Jamus, Luxembourg, Denmark.

Tsarin albashi da kuma kudi

Janar kasafin kudin kudaden shiga ya kasu kashi biyu Categories:

1. Haraji.
2. Non-haraji.

Tax kasu kashi:

• samun kudin shiga da haraji.
• dukiya.
• A jihar fee.
• excise haraji.
• haraji a kan total samun kudin shiga .
• ga dukiya da kuma ayyuka sayar a kasar.

Non-haraji kudaden shiga:

• na waje tattalin arziki aiki;
• riba a karkashin gwamnatoci da kamfanoni haɗin gwiwa.
• biya tare da yin amfani da albarkatun kasa.
• tarar, bugun fanareti.
• kudaden shiga daga arzikin daban-daban da sabis.
• kwata na dukiya.
• da dawowar unclaimed tallafin da sauransu.

Bugu da kari ga wadannan abubuwa na samun kudin shiga, ragi iya ƙirƙirar wani iri-iri gratuitous receipts daga mutane da kuma sauran jihohi, supranational abokai, ba na gwamnati kungiyoyin.

Jihar kudi tafi zuwa ga:

• tsaro, tsaro da jami'an tsarin, ciki har da bangaren shari'a.
• ilimi da kimiyya.
• magani.
• gidaje da kuma zamantakewa da sabis.
• bidi'a.
• kare muhalli.
• al'adu da wasanni.
• da kafofin watsa labarai.
• da zamantakewa Sphere.
• gwamnatoci canja wurin.

binciken

Saboda haka, kasafin kudin ragi - wani ragi balance. Kada ka yi zaton cewa wannan shi ne mai kyau ga kasar. All samuwa wajen da ya kamata a mayar da hankali a kan ci gaban tattalin arziki. A kasar shi ne mafi muhimmanci, saboda akwai biyu tsanani matsaloli:

1. High cin hanci da rashawa.
2. Dogara a kan hydrocarbon fitarwa.

High farashin man a duniya kasuwanni kai ga kasafin kudin surpluses. Duk da haka, zuba jari da kudi a diversification ne musamman wanda ya kasa aiki saboda high cin hanci da rashawa. Low makamashi farashin kai ga kasafin kudin deficits. Wannan barnatar da rinjayar da jama'a kansu ma'aikatan, fansho da kuma m sassa na yawan jama'a. Muna fatan cewa wannan mugun da'irar taba zai bude a kasar mu.