Yadda za ka ƙirƙiri wani kashi. A block zane na shirin na tsararru

A block zane ne a zana misali da wani tsari, a fili da nuna tsanaki jerin duk matakai na aiki, kazalika da duk kungiyoyin da cewa suna da hannu a cikin tsari. Wannan makirci ne da wani tsarin na hoto alamomin (tubalan) da kuma mika mulki Lines (kibiyoyi) tsakanin su. Kowace daga cikin wadannan tubalan yayi dace da wani musamman mataki na algorithm. Ciki da wannan alama ce ya bayyana wannan mataki.

Me amfani flowcharts?

Wadannan tsarin an tsara su don yin wadannan ayyuka:

- samar da wani sabon tsari.

- don bayyana da kuma tattara bayanai na yanzu algorithm.

- wajen samar da gyare-gyare ga tsari, ko gudanar da bincike da links tare da alama na kurakurai da kuma kasawa.

- domin sanin lokacin da, inda kuma yadda za ka iya canza halin yanzu algorithm, domin tabbatar da zaman lafiyar na gaba dayan tsarin.

Development aikace-aikace

Duk wani block zane dogara ne a kan ayyuka na algorithm kwatanta aiki da na'urar ko shirin. Saboda haka, muna da farko gina da tsarin kanta. "Shikenan lissafin" yana nufin bayanin da jerin ayyukan warware matsalar. A gaskiya, wannan mulki yi da ake bukata matakai na bayanai aiki. Kafin a ci gaba da yi na algorithm ake bukata domin ayyana matsalar a fili: shi wajibi ne a samu a sakamakon wanda da farko bayanai da ake bukata da kuma abin da yake samuwa, ko akwai hani a kan ta samu. Bayan haka, a jerin ayyuka da za a aiwatar a cimma da ake so sakamakon.

iri Algorithms

A yi, da wadannan iri kwarara Charts amfani da mafi sau da yawa:

- graphics, watau su ne bisa lissafi da alamomin.

- fi'ili: kõma sama da yadda ya saba kalmomi na harshe;

- na karya-code: wakiltar semiformalized bayanin matukar shirye-shirye da harshen, wanda ya hada da abubuwa na shirye-shirye da harshen da kuma wallafe-wallafen phrases da kowa ilmin lissafi alamomin.

- software: kawai shirye-shirye da harshen amfani da rubuta.

A block zane na na'urorin: Description

A zana wakilci na aikace-aikace hada image algorithm sadarwa ta kwatanta aikin tubalan wannan rangadi wanda dace da su aiwatar da daya ko fiye da ayyuka. A block zane na wani tsararru hada da mutum abubuwa, girma da kuma gina dokoki wanda ayyana jihar misali. Domin kowane irin mataki (data shigar, ƙidãyar magana dabi'u, dubawa yanayi, da maimaitawa iko mataki ƙulli aiki, da dai sauransu). Akwai wani raba lissafi adadi wakilta a matsayin mai block. Wadannan alamomin suna da alaka da Lines cewa ayyana da jerin ayyuka.

Babban abubuwa aiki a shiri na flowcharts

The complete jerin hoto alamomin amfani ga bayanin irin algorithm kunshi 42 abubuwa. Its duk bã zã mu ba, da kuma la'akari da kawai da babba.

Abubuwa na kashi:

1. The aiwatar da sarrafa kwamfuta nufin mataki ko jerin ayyuka da cewa canza dabi'u na data ko format for jeri. Domin tsabta, wadannan kewaye abubuwa za a iya hada a daya naúrar. Wannan alama ce shi ne wani murabba'i mai dari, a cikin wanda aka rubuta comment, rakiyar aiki (ko kungiyar da ma'amaloli).

2. Magani. Wannan block ake amfani da su nuna sauyin yanayin a kan iko. A kowane irin mambobin tambayi kwatanta, ko yanayin, wanda ya kira shi. A wasu kalmomin, da yanke shawara - shi ne zabi na shugabanci ga shirin ko algorithm, dangane da wasu m yanayi. Zana view na kashi - wani lu'u-lu'u. Ya ce alama ce za a iya amfani da siffar da wadannan daidaita tsarin: zabi, cokali mai yatsa cike da kuma part-time, da sake zagayowar na "kafin" da "dogon".

3. gyara. Wannan naúrar tana nuna farkon na sake zagayowar. Ana amfani da shirya da cyclic tsarin. Tu wannan kashi rikodin saitin kewayon ayyuka, kamar yadda aka nuna ta ta farko darajar, iyaka yanayin, kazalika da mataki musanya abu da za a maimaita. A wasu kalmomin, da gyara - shi ne cikar canza teams ko kungiyoyin da yadda ake gudanar da canja shirin. Zana wakilci na wannan alama ce ne a heksagon.

4. The qaddara lissafi aiwatar nufi da qaddara ko misali shirin. Ana amfani da ya nuna lura da karin algorithm cewa wanzu da kansa a matsayin mai raba m kayayyaki, da kuma samun dama da library routines. Zana view of alama ce wakilta wani murabba'i mai dari da biyu a tsaye sanduna a kan sãsanninku. Wannan kashi hidima ga shiriya na aikin da kira, da kuma hanyoyin, software kayayyaki.

5. Input-fitarwa data a wani janar form.

6. Fara da tasha. Wannan kashi wakiltar farko da na karshe da algorithm, da kuma shigar da a cikin shirin da kuma fita daga gare ta. Graphically wannan alama ce yayi kama da murabba'i mai dari inda gefen maimakon mike - baka.

7. daftarin aiki yana nufin fitarwa sakamakon buga. Graphically, wani kashi kamar murabba'i mai dari, kawai maimakon ƙananan rabin-kalaman kai tsaye rubũtacce.

8. Manual shigar yana nufin ta sadarwarka jawo data aiki da na'ura wanda ake dangantawa da kwamfuta (keyboard). Graphic alama ce manual shigar da shi a quadrilateral wanda tarnaƙi ne a layi daya ga line, kasa ne perpendicular zuwa gare su, kuma m QFontDatabase.

9. The nuni nufin shigar ko fitarwa bayanai idan akwai lokacin da na'urar an haɗa kai tsaye zuwa processor. A wannan lokacin, a lokacin da suka fara yi wasa da bayanai, da aiki na iya yi canje-canje a lokacin aiki. Graphically, wannan kashi ne wani adadi a cikin abin da manya da ƙananan Lines ne a layi daya, dama - shi ne baka, da kuma hagu aka yi sama da biyu mike kamar yadda kibiya.

10. A kwarara Lines - ne kibiyoyi da cewa nuna da jerin sadarwa. Babu tsarin block zane ba zasu tafi ba tare da wannan kashi. Akwai wasu sharudda burbushi wadannan haruffa. A nan su ne:

- da data abubuwa dole ne a layi daya ga Lines daga cikin matsanancin kewaye ko iyakoki na page on wanda wannan ya nuna wani block zane.

- wani line daga sama zuwa kasa ko hagu zuwa dama yana dauke da babban, shi ne ba a nuna ta da kibau, da sauran lokuta nuna yankunan kaddamarda da su;

- canza shugabanci na wannan kashi ne kawai ^{game da} 90.

11. Connector. Wannan kashi da ake amfani da saka da connection ya katse kwarara daga kan layin. Wadannan alamomin da ake amfani a cikin taron cewa block zane na shirin da aka gina daga dama sassa. Sai layin da kwarara daga wani sashi don kawo karshen "connector," da kuma sabon part - fara da wannan alama. Tu wannan kashi da aka sanya cikin wannan serial number. Zana wakilci na "connector" - da'irar.

12. Interstitial haši. Manufar wannan kashi ne kama da baya daya, shi ne kawai amfani to connect flowcharts, sanya a kan daban-daban shafukan. Hoton na da irin wannan wani kashi da aka wakilta a matsayin mai Pentagon gidan.

13. Comment - wannan sadarwa tsakanin daban-daban abubuwa kashi bayani. Ce kashi damar hada dabarbari da kuma sauran bayanai.

yi flowcharts

Graphic yi algorithm - shi ne wani ɓangare na takardun ga na'ura ko shirin cewa ne ko da yaushe akwai a yalwace. Duk da haka, a mafi yawan lokuta, da software ba ya bukatar a block zane. Kawai 'yan bukata da gina wani algorithm daukan' yan zanen gado, da sauran shi ne quite m makirci. Simple block zane nuna tsarin da sashe shirin a daya kawai al'amari. Duk da haka, ko da irin wannan tsarin ne a fili a bayyane ne kawai a karkashin yanayin da cewa algorithm aka sanya a kan daya takardar. A daura da haka al'amarin, a lokacin da block zane da aka located a kan da dama shafukan da alaka interstitial a mulki ne da wuya sosai don samun dama ra'ayin game da shi. Idan an sanya a kan wani guda takardar, sa'an nan mai girma shirin wannan image algorithm jũya a cikin ta overall shirin tare da wani jerin babban tubalan da kuma matakai. Hakika, wannan jadawali ba bi hanya zane matsayin, amma bai bukatar su, tun da tsari mabanbanta. Dokokin game da irin haruffa, kibau, da kuma tsari na lambobin da ake bukata kawai domin cikakken parsing flowcharts.

Iri-iri da kuma gina Algorithms

An tsararru ne mai tarin guda irin bayanai da aka adana a jere memory gungu, kuma yana da kowa sunan. Irin wannan Kwayoyin suna kira "abubuwa na tsarin." All gungu suna ƙidaya domin. Wannan lambar da ake kira "Index of tsararru kashi". Yadda za ka ƙirƙiri wani kwarara zane da irin wannan tsarin? Yi la'akari da misalin halittar lissafi mai tsauri ga na farko tsararru na daya-girma irin. A sauki tsarin ne conventionally view line. Ƙayyade wani sunan ga tsararru - "A". Muna zaton cewa tsarin mu kunshi takwas sel (1 zuwa 8). Kowace daga ce gungu qunshi wani bazuwar lamba, abin da ake kira "tsararru kashi". Don samun dama ga wani musamman cell dole saka sunan a square baka ([3]). Ga wani misali da wani block zane na wani tsararru ne aka yi nufi ga cika tsarin da bazuwar lambobin sa'an nan outputting bayani a kan allon. Mene ne wani algorithm? Wannan na farko da tsarin. A gaskiya, shi yana da wani m aikace-aikace, duk da haka, shi ne amfani ga tsarin ilmantarwa. Dauke da wani block kewaye (misali na yi aka bayyana a kasa) qunshi kawai bakwai babban abubuwa alaka a mulki Lines.

Description of da jerin ayyuka

1. Na farko kashi na makirci zai zama wata alama ce "The Farko".

2. A karo na biyu naúrar - "Tsari", wanda ya yi daidai a ciki da "initialization bazuwar».

3. A gaba kashi - "canji" an shigar da darajar da tsararru na sel a cikin block.

4. Bugu da ari, bisa ga qaddara aiki ne miƙa ka zuwa gaba block "tsari", wanda a cikinsa da aka ba da jiyya zuwa musamman gungu tsarin nuna gazawa na bazuwar lambobi a cikin kewayon daga sifili zuwa ɗaya da ɗari. Sakamakon aiki dawo zuwa uku block, kuma ta hanyar da shi - karin a kan biyar.

5. A cikin wannan block "gyare-gyare" bisa rubũtacce aiki ne miƙa ka zuwa gaba kashi.

6. "Kammalawa" samar nuni bayanai game da abinda ke ciki na sabon tsararru a duba, bi da shugabanci na baya block. Next - karshe rabi.

7. "End" da algorithm.

Bisa ga wani block zane na gyara na shirin, wanda zai samar da aiki gabatar algorithm.

"Edit Block zane"

Idan kana tunani game da yadda za ka ƙirƙiri wani kashi, ya kamata ka san cewa akwai musamman shirye-shirye da aka tsara don ƙirƙirar da shirya wadannan tsarin. Saukaka na zana wakilci na algorithm ne cewa mai amfani ne ba su daura wa wani takamaiman shirye-shirye da harshen cakude. Gina kashi daidai dace da duk harsuna (msl, C, Pascal, BASIC, da dai sauransu). Bugu da ƙari, editan za a iya amfani da charting da tabbaci makircinsu operability. Wannan shirin ne na musamman software. Yana bayar da wani bambancin sa na kayan aikin dole domin ginin flowcharts, wanda ya sa ya fi dace, idan aka kwatanta da na al'ada image gyara. Ƙarin zabin ka damar inganta aiwatar da jawo sama da tsarin da ta kara canji a cikin ayyuka da kuma hanyoyin da shirye-shirye da harshen. Bugu da kari, cikin kashi edita yayi wani sa na shaci cewa zai iya muhimmanci bugun sama da aiki da novice mai amfani. An sani cewa gina da algorithm sau da yawa maimaita Tsarin amfani da, misali, wata iri-iri na zabin hawan keke, zabi (cikakken da kuma bai cika ba), mahara sashe, kuma mafi. A edita damar ware akai-akai amfani da kwarara Charts aka gyara da kuma ƙara da su a cikin generated zane. Wannan ceton ku daga jawo su daga karce kowane lokaci. Bugu da kari, ta amfani da edita, za ka iya shigo da ayyuka da kuma hanyoyin aiwatar a wani sananne shirye-shirye da harshen. Wannan wani zaɓi ne da amfani ga parsing algorithm tsarin, wanda aka rubuta a cikin wani wanda ba a sani harshe. Tsarin bukatun na shirin karkashin shawara ne quite suna fadin, don haka ba za ka iya amfani da shi a kan wani keɓaɓɓen kwamfuta.

ƙarshe

A takaice, ya kamata a lura da cewa cikakken makirci na gina Algorithms rabu amfani. Kamar yadda ba su da ban sha'awa kamar yadda bayanin irin tsari. A mafi kyau, block zane-zane su dace da horo sabon shiga ne da ba su san yadda za su yi tunanin algorithmically. Samarwa a cikin lokaci tare da abubuwa na ciki sun high-matakin harshe, shi integrates inji harshen kalamai a cikin raba kungiyoyin. A lokacin, kowane hoto kashi yayi dace da takamaiman sadarwarka. Saboda haka ya zama wata alama ce a cikin bazuwar, kuma mafi muhimmanci - a aikin banza a zane, daga abin da ka iya ƙi. Yau ko da zama m line a mulki, tun kowane ma'aikaci da aka riga aka ayyana. A gaskiya, da aka zana yi na lissafi mai tsauri mafi girma nasarorinsu fiye da a yi. Shirye-shiryen da m kwarewa kafin ka rubuta wani shirin cewa da wuya fa, tã wani block zane. Lokacin da misali daga kungiyar na bukatar wani zana algorithm, sa'an nan fenti da shi bayan kammala aikin.