Brief biography Radischeva Aleksandra Nikolaevicha. Ban sha'awa abubuwa game da marubuci

Radishchev a cikin sanannen aiki, rubuta na yadda tausayi kudin gidan haya da su serfs. Ya lura da rashin 'yancin da mutane da tashin hankali kasanta a kan shi. Alexander kafa misali tawaye na serfs, kõra su zuwa ga yanke ƙauna. Domin wannan ya ya biya sosai. Aleksandra Radischeva aka aiko gudun hijira ... Tare da wannan duka da kuma fiye da ku sanar da biography Radishchev.

Origin Radishcheva

Bari mu fara da gabatar da mu gwarzo. Radishchev Alexander Nikolaevich - sanannen Rasha marubuci kuma bin "ilimi falsafa." Biography Radishcheva fara Agusta 31, 1749 (Old Style - 20 Agusta). An sa'an nan haife Alexander. Radischev Afanasiy Prokopevich, kakan nan gaba marubuci, ya kasance daya daga Bitrus m. Ya tashi zuwa ga daraja da Birgediya. Ɗansa, Nicholas Athanasius Petrovich ba mai kyau ilimi. Nicholas ya Afanasievich Radishchev Saratov mallaki gidaje. Kuma Thekla Stepanovna, Alexander mahaifiyar daga wani iyali Argamakovyh, wani tsohon daraja iyali. Ta babban dan ya Alexander Radishchev. Biography da kuma ayyukan da babban marubuci sanya shahara da wannan sunan.

Training a dama Ablyazov a Moscow

mahaifinsa Estate an located in da Upper Ablyazov. Alexander koyi karatu da kuma rubuta Rasha a kan Psalter da kuma Littafi Hours. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 6 da haihuwa, shi ya sanya wa Faransa, amma malami ta zabi tabbatar da m. Yana daga baya aka koya cewa Bafaranshen da aka mai hijira soja. Uba yanke shawarar aika zuwa Moscow ɗansa. Ga shi aka danƙa da kulawa da Faransa-malami, wanda a baya ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga majalisar dokokin kasar Rouen, amma ya ya gudu daga fitinar Louis XV.

Alexander a 1756 aka aika zuwa wani daraja makaranta, shi ne, a Jami'ar Moscow. Shekaru shida na ci gaba da horo a cikinsa. A Moscow, a cikin watan Satumba 1762 da sa kambi na Catherine II. Mutane da yawa manya da aka ciyar da darajõji a kan wannan lokaci. Biography Radishchev aka alama ta wani muhimmin taron domin shi Nuwamba 25: Alexander aka kãwo wa shafukan.

Kamar yadda Radishchev zo a kasashen waje

Ya zo a cikin St. Petersburg a Janairu 1764, da kuma karatu a Corps na Pages zuwa 1766 lokacin da Catherine yanke shawarar aika zuwa kimiyya karatu a Leipzig 12 matasa noblemen, ciki har da - 6 pages, fitaccen nasarori a cikin koyarwa da hali, ya zama daya daga cikin sa'a wadanda kuma Radishchev . Lokacin da dalibai da aka aiko kasashen waje, Catherine II kaina rubuta umarnin ga abin da suka kamata su yi. Muhimmanci kudi da aka sanya wa abun - at farko for 800 rubles, da kuma a 1769 - daya dubu a kowace shekara.

Rayuwa a Leipzig

Duk da haka, Major Bocoum, aka kafa a matsayin caregiver da manyan gari, hana 'gagarumin yawa a gare su, don haka dalibai bukatar. Radishchev, wanda biography mu interested in, ya yi magana game da zaman kasar waje a cikin "Life of FV Ushakov". Mun kasance quite bambancin azuzuwan na matasa a Leipzig. Sun yi karatu falsafa, dokar, tarihi. A cewar Catherine II ta umarnin, da dalibai za a iya tsunduma a so, kuma "da sauran sciences." Radishchev zaba sunadarai da kuma magani. Ya zama sha'awar su ba kawai a matsayin mai son, amma sosai tsanani. Alexander ko da ya wuce a kan likita na jarrabawa da kuma nasarar tsunduma a magani. Daya daga ya fi so harkokin zai har abada zama kamar wani aji a cikin sunadarai. Radishchev san harsuna daban daban (Latin, Faransa, Jamus). Daga baya, ya kuma koya Italiyanci da kuma Turanci. Bayan shafe shekaru 5 a Leipzig, Radishchev, kamar comrades, ya manta da Rasha harshe. Saboda haka sai ya fara magance su a kan su koma Rasha karkashin jagorancin Ekateriny Hrapovitskogo Sakatare.

Komowa zuwa St. Petersburg, ya yi aiki a majalisar dattijai

Bayan kammala horo na Alexander zama sosai koya mutum, wanda a wancan lokacin shi ne ba da yawa, ba kawai a cikin kasar amma kuma a cikin duniya. A 1771 Radishchev koma zuwa St. Petersburg. Ya zarar shiga cikin rakoda zuwa majalisar dattijai. Da daraja na titular shawara Alexander taƙaice aiki a matsayin wata cũta matalauta ilimi na harshe, da kuma auna a kan roko bosses da clerks jam'iyya.

Service a hedkwatar Bryusova na V kamerts College, aure

Radishchev yanke shawarar shiga hedkwatar Gaba-in-Chief of Bryusov, wanda ya umarci a St. Petersburg. Ya zama manyan binciken. Alexander a 1775 ritaya, tanã fita zuwa ga daraja da biyu manyan. Rubanovskii, daya daga sahabbansa na Leipzig, ya gabatar Aleksandra Radischeva tare da iyali ta wana. Anna Vasilievna, 'yar karshe, kuma aure Alexander.

A 1778, ya sake soja kurum marar a kamerts-board ga matsayi na assessor. A 1788, Radishchev aka canjawa wuri zuwa St. Petersburg kwastan. Ya zama mataimakin manajan sa'an nan sarrafa. A kwastan, da kuma a kamerts College Alexander Radishchev rarrabe addini a gare wajibi, selflessness, tsanani hali zuwa aikinsu.

A farko da wallafe-wallafen da ayyuka

Reading da kuma nazarin Rasha harshen kai shi ƙarshe ga nasa wallafe-wallafen samfurori. A 1773, Radishchev wallafa wani translation daga cikin ayyukan Mably, sa'an nan ya fara yin tarihi na Rasha da majalisar dattijai, amma halakar da rubuce-rubuce.

A littafin, wanda ya kawo daraja da kuma zama m

Biography Radishcheva ya ci gaba da mutuwa da ya ƙaunataccen matarsa. Haka ya faru a 1783. Bayan wannan, Alexander yanke shawarar kũtsawa a cikin wallafe-wallafen aikin da samun da shi sanyaya zuciya. Ya buga a 1789 "The Life of Fedora Vasilevicha Ushakova ...". Radishchev, shan amfani da umurnin Empress na free bugu shuke-shuke, ya fara a gidansa, da kuma a 1790 saki da ya fi muhimmanci muqala mai taken "Journey daga St. Petersburg zuwa Moscow."

Da zaran littafin da aka hanzari sayi up. Bold tattaunawa Alexander Nikolaevich game serfdom, kazalika da sauran mamaki na siyasa da zamantakewa da rayuwa na cewa lokaci ya lura mafi Catherine II, wanda wani ya "Travel ...".

Idon rasa "Journey ..."

Very m biography Radishchev. Ban sha'awa abubuwa game da shi ne da yawa. Ba za su iya shige zuwa cikin format of guda labarin. Duk da haka, daga gare su, lalle zã a iya ambata. Littafi Radishchev aka saki tare da izinin majalisa decorum, watau sa na yin katsalandan. Duk da haka, da marubucin duk aikace-aikace da aka fara. Ta yaya ne wannan zai yiwu? Gaskiyar cewa "Journey ..." shige katsalandan kawai saboda m zaton wannan jagorar. Lalle ne, a duban farko, kuma zai iya ze haka - da shugaban ake wuraren da biranen. M duba kawai abun ciki da kuma ba shiga cikin littafin.

Kama da tofin Allah tsine

Mu ba nan da nan koya wanda marubucin na ayyuka, kamar yadda ta sunan a cikin littafin da aka ba a kayyade ba. Duk da haka, bayan da kama wani m Zotov, da kantin sayar da wanda sayar da aikin Radishchev mu koya da cewa shi ne rashin lafiya-fated Alexander rubuta kuma aka buga masa aiki. Radishchev aka kama, da kuma da yanayin da aka "danƙa da" kai Sheshkovsky. Empress manta da cewa Alexander Radishchev karatu "halitta dokar" da kuma kasashen waje, kuma a cikin Corps na Pages, cewa ta sanya wani izni yi wa'azi da kuma wa'azi da ka'idodin da mutum, wanda aka ambata a cikin "Travel". Catherine II mayar da martani kan aikin na Alexander Nikolayevich tare da babban sirri hangula. Empress Radishchev ma'aikata al'amura da kuma gudanar ta hanyar Bezborodko dukan abu.

Alexander sa a cikin castle, inda ya aka yi masa tambayoyi Sheshkovsky. Akai-akai nuna nadama, ya ki Radischev littattafai da aka rubuta da shi. Taqaitaccen Tarihin shi, duk da haka, ya kamata ba manta da cewa a shaidarsa, ya sau da yawa samu wadanda wannan halaye da aka kawo sunayensu a cikin aikinsa. Our gwarzo ne nuna nadama da aka fatan magance azãba, to barazana da shi. Duk da haka, ba ya iya boye wa imani Radishchev.

Taqaitaccen Tarihin ya daga baya shekaru, shi ne quite halitta. A fili yake cewa al'adar Alexander Nikolayevich aka warware a gaba. Ya aka samu da laifi riga a cikin Littãfin, da fitina. Yana da aka sanya a takaice dai gudanar da bincike na laifi jam'iyya. Da abun ciki nuna a cikin wasika zuwa ga Count Bezborodko Bruce, kwamandan a manyan a St. Petersburg. Radishchev aka yanke masa hukumcin kisa.

Mitigating rabo

Yana shige a cikin majalisar dattijai, sa'an nan kuma zuwa ga Majalisar na jumla da aka tabbatar a biyu daga cikin wadannan lokuta, sa'an nan gabatar da Empress. 4 ga Satumba, 1790 da aka bayar an doka, yarda da Alexander Nikolaevich laifin wani laifi da matsayi jama'a rantsuwa edition na wannan littafi. Giya Aleksandra Radischeva, kamar yadda ya bayyana a cikinta, irin wannan cewa ya cancanci kisa. Duk da haka, daga rahamarSa, kuma bayan cikar wata yarjejeniya da Sweden wannan wata azãba mai tsanani da aka maye gurbinsu da wani tunani da Ilim kurkuku, dake a Siberia. Ya kamata zauna a can shekaru 10. Ina aka nan da nan ya sa a cikin kisan dokar.

Hard shekaru na gudun hijira

Wuya sau samu Aleksandr Nikolaevich Radischev. Tarihinsa alama ta wani wuya gwajin nan da nan bayan hukuncin. Wanda aka kama a cikin bazara na marubuci aka kawar ba tare da dumi tufafi daga sansanin soja. A fili, Catherine II fatan cewa Radishchev, riga fama da nasa ra'ayin, za a rasa a hanya. An sani cewa Count Vorontsov aika kudi ga gwamnan Tver zuwa Aleksandru Radischevu aka sayi kome da kome da kuke bukata na dogon tafiya.

Aleksandr Nikolaevich Radischev, wanda biography ci gaba Ilim kurkuku, ya zauna a nan domin kusan shekaru 5. Duk da haka, ya aka ba karai. Radishchev bi da yan unguwa. Alexander variolating yara, sanye take a gida a kananan tanda, inda ya fara harbe-harben kumar kasko. Kuma, ba shakka, ya ci gaba da wallafe-wallafen aiki.

Kowane mutum na da hankali janyo hankalin da bakin ciki rabo daga cikin shahararrun marubuci kamar yadda Radischev Aleksandr Nikolaevich. Taqaitaccen Tarihin shi ya kamata ba miss da cewa jumla ƙawãtar masa, da jũna m. Mutane da yawa sau a cikin al'umma, akwai jita-jita cewa Alexander gafarta masa, cewa ba zai dawo ba daga zaman talala. Duk da haka, da suka da aka ba shi barata.

Hulda da EV Rubanovskii

A Siberia ya je masa EV Rubanovskaya, 'yar'uwar ya marigayin matarsa, da kuma kawo tare da ta ƙaramin yara (da za a ilmantar da mazan yara zauna tare da dangi). Radishchev zuwa Ilimsk ya zama m tare da wannan mace. Duk da haka, da dama su yi aure, suna da ba. Wannan daidaita zuwa lalatar da wani take hakkin coci dokoki. A gudun hijira Radishchev Elizabeth V. haifa 'ya'ya uku. Ta rasu a 1797 daga mai sanyi, a Tobolsk, a lokacin da ya dawo daga gudun hijira. Duk da haka, da feat na mace wanda tsammani da Decembrists, ba kawai aka ba nuna godiya da ya Sahaban. Ko bayan mutuwar Elizabeth V. su tare da Aleksandrom Nikolaevichem ci gaba zargi. Lokacin da Radishchev koma gida, Nikolay Afanasyevitch ya makafi uba, ki dauki jikoki. Ya ce cewa ya auri wata sister- a-dokar ne mai wuya. Idan Radischev yarinya zaba cikin ƙasar, ya zai yi da ita, da kuma Elizabeth V. iya ba.

makõma take

Ba da da ewa bayan da Accession zuwa kursiyin Kaisar Paul koma daga Siberia irin wannan muhimmanci jama'a adadi kamar yadda Radischev Aleksandr Nikolaevich. Taqaitaccen Tarihin ya daga baya shekaru, duk da haka, alama da sabon matsaloli. Gafara hukuncin da aka sanya 23 ga watan Nuwamba, 1796. Alexander aka umurce su da su zaune a kauyen Nemtsov Kaluga lardin, inda ya Estate ya. Domin rubutu da kuma hali Radishchev aka ɗõra wa gwamnan. Alexander bayan da mulkin sarkin Alexander I samu cikakken 'yanci. Ya aka kirã su zuwa ga St. Petersburg. Akwai zama memba na hukumar Shirin zanen daban-daban dokokin Alexander Radishchev. Brief biography ya karya, quite kwatsam. Ta yaya wannan ya faru? Yanzu ka san yadda za ta hallaka AN Radishchev. Tarihinsa ƙarasa quite sabon abu.

mutuwa Radishcheva

Haifi kuma Ilyinsky, Alexander Nikolayevich Sahaban, shaida da cewa labari na mutuwar gaskiya ne. A cewar shi, Radishchev ƙaddamar daftarin majalisu da sake fasalin. Yana sake sa a gaba da 'yantar da manoma. Sai jadawali Zavadovsky, sakataren hukumar, Alexander Nikolayevich sanya m shawara ga tunaninsu, tunatarwata shi daga baya ya babbar sha'awa. Zavadovsky ko da aka ambata da Siberian hijira. Radishchev, wanda kiwon lafiya da aka sosai kau, kuma jijiyoyi rafke, aka tsõratar da barazanar da kuma scolding Zavadsky, ko da yanke shawarar kashe kansa.

Alexander sha da guba. Ya mutu a cikin babban azaba. Radishchev mutu a 12 ga watan Satumba, 1802 a kan dare. Alexander Nikolayevich aka binne shi a Volkov hurumi.

Haramtawar mai suna Radishchev kuma fi

Long sa da ban a kan sunan wani babban marubuci kamar yadda AN Radishchev. Brief biography da zai amfane shi a yau da yawa, amma bayan rasuwar sunan kusan bai bayyana a buga. Da dama articles game Aleksandre Nikolaeviche aka rubuta jim kadan bayan mutuwarsa, sa'an nan a cikin adabi kusan bace sunansa. Sosai da wuya aka ambata. Kawai bai cika da fragmentary data nakalto a kan Radishchev. Aleksandra Radischeva Batyushkov gabatar a cikin ayyukan shirin a harshen arts, hada su. Kawai tare da 2nd rabin na 1850 dauke da ban da sunan Radishchev. Tun wannan lokacin, latsa fara bayyana da yawa articles game da shi.

Kuma zuwa wannan rana janyo hankalin masu bincike biography Radishchev. Brief abun ciki na ya "Matafiya ..." da aka sani ga da yawa daga cikin yan kasar. Duk da wannan magana na dauwama shi a matsayin marubuci.