American almarar kimiyya marubuci Norton Andre: biography da ayyukansu

Norton Andre ne mai girma lady na almarar, a cikin dukan rubuce-rubuce aiki ya samu da yawa awards ga aikinsa. Shi ne mai gaske girma mace. Saboda ta alkalami zo game da ɗari da talatin cike da litattafan, da kuma rubuta shi ci gaba kusan har mutuwarsa (ta mutu, ta kasance a cikin zurfin tsufa, 93 years).

biography marubuci

Norton Andre domin fara rubuce-rubuce aiki da wani mabanbanta sunan - Alice Mary Norton. Ta aka haife shi a 1912, a kan Fabrairu 17 a Amurka (Ohio, Cleveland Town). Mahaifinta sunan da aka Adalbert yardar kaina Norton, kuma ya mallakar wani kamfanin da aka tsunduma a Tailoring kyãwãwa. Ta Sunan tsohuwarsa Bertha Stemm, ta kasance mai uwargida, da kuma cewa mahaifiyarsa baya taimaki marubuci to gyara kurakurai a cikin ayyukansu.

Little Alice ya ba wani kawai yaro, sai ta yi da 'yar'uwa, wanda ya girmi shekara goma sha bakwai. Wata kila wannan shi ne saboda wani bambanci a cikin shekaru na 'yan'uwa mãtã kasance ba sosai kusa. Har ila yau, nan gaba marubuci bai sadarwa tare da takwarorinsu, fifita don karanta littattafai. Ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin gidan na Norton cewa biya musamman da hankali ga. Kowane mako da iyali ziyarci gida library, kazalika da Alice ta uwa tun suna yara ya fara karanta littattafan da kuma kasidu. Tuni a nan gaba a lokacin da gaba marubuci ya tafi makaranta, iyaye sãka ta littattafai na kyau binciken. Duk da wannan ya na da wani tasiri a kan makomar matasa Norton.

Duk da yake karatu a makaranta Alice fara rubuta ta farko da labarai, wanda aka buga a cikin makaranta bango jaridar (da shi shi ne wallafe-wallafen edita a gare shi). Sai a wannan lokaci, da kuma ta farko littafi da aka rubuta, wanda aka buga a 1938. Its kara nazari ci gaba a 1930 a cikin Case Yammacin Reserve University. A da shi, ta yi karatu har 1932. A wannan shekara ta tafi aiki a matsayin leburare a Nottingham library a Cleveland. Ta yi aiki a can domin kusan shekaru ashirin.

Sai ta kasance mai karatu ga Martin Greenberg shekara takwas (wallafa gidan "GNOME Danna"). Lokacin da ka gama aiki tare da shi, Norton da aka ba neman wani m samun kudin shiga, da kuma ci gaba da rubutu da littattafai, da cikakken duqufad da kansa ga wannan dalili. A shekarar 1966, marubucin koma Winter Park a Florida kamar su kiwon lafiya. Ga ta rayu har 1997, sa'an nan ya koma Tennessee a Murfreesboro. A nan ne ta zauna da sauran ya kwana. Marubuci ya rasu a shekarar 2005, ta goma sha huɗu ga watan na Maris. Ta kasance casa'in da uku da shekaru.

Samun m aiki Norton

A farko littafin, wanda aka saki Norton a 1934, ya zama wani soja labari, "Prince umarninsa." A da shawarar su wallafa a wannan shekara, da marubuci ya dauki da pseudonym Andre. Sun yi imani da cewa don haka jawo hankalin karin hankali ga littattafai, wanda aka saki Norton, (sunã cẽwa, mata ba su tsotse a wancan lokacin). Andre Norton, wanda littattafai suna da yawa, a 1947, ya fara wallafa litattafan almara litattafan. A farko daga cikin wadannan shi ne samfurin na "Mutane na bakin dutse." Tun daga nan, ta rubuta fiye da ɗari da talatin da ayyukansu.

Da yawa awards marubuci

Norton Andre ya m aiki ya samu da yawa awards. Mun jera mafi muhimmanci daga cikinsu.

• A shekarar 1964, marubucin aka zabi ga da Hugo Award for kyau labari (da shi aka zabi aikin "Witching World", rubuta a shekarar da ta shige).
• A shekarar 1965, Norton aka bayar da kyauta da Association of American scouts.
• A 1977 da ya zama na lashe Hugo Award ( "Gandalf", "Grand master of fantasy").
• A shekarar 1979, marubucin ya zama Lambar Yabo na "Balrog" lambar yabo. A mahukunta bayar da ta rayuwa nasarori.
• A shekarar 1983, Norton da aka zabi ga kyautar "Balrog" ga masu sana'a nasarorin da shekaru hamsin da rubuce-rubuce.
• A shekarar 1984, ya zama dan yabon marubuci Nebula Award, "Grandmaster".
• A shekarar 1987, ta zama da lashe Duniya Fantasy Award.
• A 1997, da Hall of Fame Science Fiction da fenetezi.
• A 2002 da ya zama na lashe Kudu-Eastern kimiyya-fiction lambar yabo ga ayyukan da salo.

Bugu da kari, da American Association for almarar kimiyya marubuta Andre Norton girmama title of Grand Jagora. Har yanzu, ta zauna da kawai mace don samun shi.

zagayowar ayyuka "Witching duniya"

An yi imani da cewa wannan sake zagayowar - daya daga cikin shahararrun, wanda aka rubuta ta hanyar Andre Norton. Books, a cikinta akwai da yawa (fiye da talatin guda). Bugu da kari, da sake zagayowar kanta kara zuwa kashi da dama jerin. Bari mu auna su.

• "Estkarp" "(Fairy mayya duniya", "Witching World," "Three da wizarding duniya," "Web wizarding duniya," "Mayen wizarding duniya," "Three takuba" da sauransu. D.).
• "Hadishi wizarding duniya." Wannan tarin hada da labari "Blood Falcon", "gizogizo siliki", "toads Grimmerdeyla", "Sand Sisters," "The Legacy da tashin hankali Sorn," "Sword of kãfirci", "Changeling."
• "Halleck High" ( "The Shekara na Unicorn", "Crystal Griffin," "Tatsũniyõyi ne na World Spellbound", "Belt na damisa", "la'ana Zarstora", "Griffin nasarorinsu", da sauransu. D.).
• Har ila yau, a hada su a jerin "babban canji", wanda ya hada da "Asirin da witching duniya."

A jerin littattafan, "Stargate"

Wannan jerin yana nufin da zobe Fighting Fantasy kuma kunshi wadannan littattafai:

• "Operation" Search Lokaci ".
• "Tsaka-tsaki na lokaci."
• "Bincika a kan tsaka-tsaki na lokaci."
• "Stargate" (cikin littafi da aka rubuta a shekarar 1958).

A jerin littattafan "dan damfara ciniki"

Wannan jerin litattafan, da labarin game da Kasadar na free yan kasuwa da suka yi tafiya cikin jirgin, ta hanyar bude sarari na sararin samaniya. Kowane littafi kuma ya gaya labarin da Kasadar da kuma yadda za a magance maƙiya a hanya.

• "Talala star."
• "Flight zuwa Yiktar".
• "Hadari farauta."
• "Brotherhood na da inuwa."
• "Moon uku zobba."

List of sauran aiki Norton

Hakika, da muka ambata a sama jerin - ba dukan wanda aka rubuta a cikin dukan aiki kamar yadda wani marubuci Andre Norton. Akwai mutane da yawa more. Bari mu dubi wasu daga cikinsu. A samfurin "Star Hunter" ne game da wani yaro wanda ya bace a lokacin auka daga cikin kumbon sama jannati a cikin jungles. Duba ga shi ya fara ne kawai bayan labarai cewa shi da magaji zuwa manyan arziki. Amma yana da matukar sauki maye gurbin riga girma yaron da sauran, wanda ba magaji. Duk da Kasadar daga wadannan haruffa da kuma za a iya karanta a cikin littafin "Star Hunter".

Wadannan su ne mafi ban sha'awa littattafai domin (cikin jerin da littafin shi ne jerin).

• A jerin "Queen daga cikin Sun". Yana dauke da irin wannan shahara ayyukansa kamar yadda "Sargasso na Space" da sauransu.
• A jerin "babban canji" (shi ya hada da wadannan ayyuka: "The tashar jiragen ruwa rasa jiragen ruwa", "Kora", "Hope Falcon" da sauransu.).
• "Amar da idanu na opal."
• "Ƙanshi Magic," "The Wind a cikin dutse."
• "Iron keji."
• "Akwai wani dare ba tare da taurari."
• "Prince umarni."
• "Ɗan mutum gagarumi."
• "Taskõkin m tseren" kuma da yawa wasu.

ƙarshe

Kamar yadda zamu iya gani, Norton Andre zauna a kyawawan aiki rayuwa da kuma rubuta da babban yawan ayyuka, wanda aka karanta daga m magoya na litattafansu na salo. Idan kana so ka karanta ta littafi, fara tare da ya fi shahara, su ne tabbatar da za ka so.