"Black Alhamis" a 1998. 1998 default a Rasha

Bayan da Tarayyar Soviet ta daina wanzuwa, Rasha ne kusan ko da yaushe samu kudi matsaloli. A jihar a dire bukatar kasashen waje da kudi, da basussukan da sabis don tabbatar da shi ba zai iya zama. A sakamakon haka, wata babbar dama ba kawai waje amma kuma ciki rance kafa manyan jama'a bashi. Cewa wannan wani da ake bukata kafun ga duniya-sanannen taron gangara a tarihi a matsayin "Black Alhamis" a 1998.

Escalating jama'a bashi, ko yaya shi duka ya fara

A cewar bayanai bayar da Babban Bankin na Rasha Federation, a lokacin rikicin, da SMP yayi dace 24 dala biliyan. Lokacin da wannan bashin GKO / OFZ kasuwar to ba mazauna da kasuwar jari da aka $ 36 biliyan. A talakawan size of shekara-shekara bashin da ba mazauna kusata da adadi na $ 10 biliyan a shekara. Aggravated halin da ake ciki a kaifi digo a cikin kudin na raw kayan a kan kasuwar kasa da kasa. Ragewan shãfe mai, iskar gas da kuma karafa. A lokaci guda a cikin Asia fara rikicin kudi na duniya. Rasha ta kasashen waje musayar kudin shiga rage ta sau da dama, da dollar musayar kudi a 1998 sabunta ta matsakaicin, da kuma kasashen waje masu ba da bashi ya fara fuskanci tsanani shakku da damuwa cikin sharuddan bayar da taimakon kudi ga jihar da m halin tattalin arzikinsu.

Korau jin zuciya: shi duka fara a watan Yuli

Duk da mawuyacin halin da a cikin ƙasa, "Black Alhamis" a 1998 ya kawo kwaikwayon na Michel Camdessus, da sai matsayi na Babban darektan IMF. Sabili da kalmomi a kan cewa ko da idan duk da yanayi na IMF kudi a Rasha ba za ta iya bayar da rance a cikin adadin $ 15 biliyan, wanda ya nema Jihar tashin hankali game da ragewar darajar kuɗi na kasa kudin ya zama musamman m.

Riga Yuli 7 CBR gaba daya tsaya bayarwa kudi cibiyoyin kamar Lombard rance. Yuli 9 tattaunawa da aka gudanar, sakamakon wanda jihar da duk damar samun rancen cikin adadin 22.6 dala biliyan. Kashegari, da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta sanar da cewa ragewar darajar kuɗi zai kawo kasar unprecedented ni'ima, da kuma shi ne mai sabon abu, wajibi ne ga tattalin arziki.

Ƙagagge canji na yanayi

Events cewa ya faru a kasar a cikin marigayi Yuli, ya ba da bege da cewa defaulted 1998 ba zai iya faru. Saboda haka, 29 na jihar da aka kasaftawa farko tranche na waje wajen samo gaggawa irin. Its size ya game $ 14 biliyan. ragewar darajar kuɗi na barazana ya janye. 24 na wannan watan refinancing kudi da aka saukar zuwa darajar 60%. Bit maye gurbinsu da kyau jin zuciya yi Andreya Illarionova, aiki a matsayin darektan tattalin arziki Cibiyar. Ya soki hukuma siyasa na gwamnati da kuma nace a kan accelerating da ragewar darajar kuɗi na kasa kudin.

Abubuwan da suka faru na Agusta 1998 - da kimantawa na rikicin

A 1998 rikicin a Rasha ya fara worsen bayan ta wucin gadi lull for 5 Agusta, a lokacin da gwamnati tambayi jihar ƙara da wajen samo iyaka daga $ 6 biliyan 14. Wannan bayani ne a fili da ke nuni da cewa kasar ne kawai ba su iya] a] e ta kasafin kudin daga m kafofin.

A ranar 6 ga Agusta Amurka, ya bayar da uku tranche for da maimaitawa na tattalin arzikin na $ 1.5 biliyan. Rasha bashi a kasuwannin duniya sun auku ga mafi ƙasƙanci dabi'u. 1998 "Black Alhamis" na shekara da aka samun kusa da kusa.

A hankali a hankali rushewar tattalin arziki

A makawa rushewar ambato daga Rasha Securities gudanar for 11 na watan Agusta. Hannun jari a RTS kika aika da rana ta 7.5%. Wannan shi ne dalilin da tsayawa ciniki. A lokacin da rana, bankuna ceaselessly ci gaba saya kudin kasashen waje. A yamma na wannan rana, a lokacin da 1998 da dollar ya kai ta ganiya, mafi daga cikin mafi girma da bankuna a kasar sun tsaya duk su gudanar.

12 ga watan Agusta mai kaifi sha'awa a cikin kudin ya zama wani da ake bukata kafun cikakken tsaya na interbank bashi kasuwar. Yana fara a liquidity rikicin. Banks cewa bukatar yawa kudi don saduwa da wajibai karkashin gaba kwangila, sun ci karo da matsaloli a biya na basussuka. CB proinitsiiroval rage iyaka ga kudin babbar bankunan, fiye da muhimmanci rage su bayar wa a kan tabbatarwa da ruble. Agency Moody`s kuma Standard & Poor`s Agusta 13 sanar da wani kaifi dakushe dogon lokacin da bashi rating na jihar. Ministan kudi da kuma mataimakin darakta na Central Bank ruwaito a cikin latsa cewa waje musayar kasuwa da kuma gwamnatin bond kasuwa daga wannan aya a kan za a goyan bayan da bankers. 14 ga watan Agusta za a iya gani a kan tituna a kusa da bankuna na dukan jerin gwano na ajiyar wanda aka ƙoƙarin mai da su kudi.

"Black Alhamis" a 1998

Black tabo a Rasha tarihi mai taken "Black Alhamis" nufi mai fasaha default na kasar, ta rashin iyawa biya da wajibai - ko dai na waje ko ciki. 17 ga watan Agusta, bayan da wani jawabin Sergeya Kirienko, mamaya da post na shugaban gwamnati, ya bayyana cewa ragewar darajar kuɗi da ya faru. Ya yi magana da ayyuka da nufin karfafawa da kuma daidaita biyu kudi da kuma kasafin kudi siyasa.

90 days aka dakatar da cikar wajibai zuwa kasashen a kan rance ga ma'amaloli a cikin tsarin na Kalam kasuwa da kuma na biyu magudi. Gaba daya tsaya sayar da T-takardar kudi. Rasha ya koma wani iyo musayar kudi. Bayan fadada daga cikin corridor 6 9.3 rubles da dollar don sarrafa halin da ake ciki, gwamnatin ba iya. A 1998 da dollar a kawai watanni biyu ya karu sau da dama, da kuma a watan Oktoba ya 15.9 rubles da dollar, idan aka kwatanta da 6 rubles a farkon lokacin rani na 1998.

Abin da aka faruwa a kasar bayan kamo?

Bayan da 1998 tsoho da aka sanar da shi, bankuna tsaya bayarwa adibas nan da nan. A halin da ake ciki shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa kudi cibiyoyin wajibai da aka bayyana a daloli, da kuma dukiya - a rubles. Idan ka fara bayarwa adibas a gaban wani ragewar darajar kuɗi, za su samar da wani rami a takardar, wanda zai iya kawo kafar ungulu ga dukan banki tsarin da ke jihar.

International Organization of Visa Int. An katange da nada kasar "mallaka" da katin most banki. Duk da sauran cibiyoyin kudin da aka karfafa su dena bayarwa tsabar kudi a kan cards. a shekara ta 1998. A high dollar ya zama dalilin da ban a kafa wani bambanci tsakanin buying da sayar da ago for fiye da 15%. Akwai zabin yanayi na kudi cibiyoyin, ya bar kawai karfi. da ƙi da aka bai da gabatarwar wucin gadi gwamnati. Lamuntawa don kudi gwamnatocin faru a kan su watsa yanayi a zubar da gwamnatin shareholdings. Sa'an nan kuma akwai wani umurnin a cire iko daga majalisar da kuma sallama na shugaban kasa al'amura.

kudi asarar

A real gwajin da sababbin ra'ayoyi tuna da yawa mazaunan ƙasar don 1998. Default a Rasha ya haddasa asarar a watan Agusta 96 dala biliyan. kamfanoni kansu asarar amounted zuwa a kalla $ 19 miliyan dubu. Commercial kudi cibiyoyin sun sha wahala asarar a cikin adadin 45 dala biliyan. Kwararru da yawa na kudi a duniya ne karkata zuwa yi imani da cewa wadannan alkaluma suna sosai low.

GDP fadi zuwa $ 150 biliyan. A matsayi na duniya most bãshin aka rataye a kan Rasha da aka a watan Agusta 1998. A ruble ya depreciated ma, da kuma na waje bashi stock a lokaci guda ba kasa da 220 dala biliyan. Wannan adadin yayi dace da 147% na GDP. A waje bashin - ba kawai abu da ya kawo 1998. Default a Rasha ya kai ga m bashi. Janar wajibai na jihar da 'yan asalin kasar amounted zuwa biliyan 300 daloli, wanda yayi dace da 200% na GDP. Mayar da hankali a yamma da oda na 1.2 tiriliyan daloli, amma bisa ga unofficial data daga Amirka. A babban da cewa, kasar samu bayan da "Black Alhamis" - cikakken kin amincewa da tattalin arzikin a kan raw model da aiki ci gaban da kusan kowane sako na aiki a kan site wanda har da rikicin da aka shigo da.