Biography Krylova I. A. Rayuwa da Aikin daga cikin shahararrun fabulist

Biography Krylova I. A. fara a biki ya kasance biki Moscow, inda nan gaba marubuci kuma fabulist aka haife 2 (13) Fabrairu 1769

yarantaka Krylov

Iyaye Ivan Andreyevich yi akai-akai matsawa daga wuri daya zuwa wani. A tsakiyar baƙauye tawaye karkashin jagorancin Emelyan Pugachev Krylov tare da mahaifiyarsa sun kasance a Orenburg, da kuma nan gaba marubuci mahaifina shi ne shugaba a cikin gari Yaik. Sunan Andreya Krylova ma da aka ambata a cikin jerin pugachovskom a rataye, amma sa'a ga iyali, shi bai zo ba. Duk da haka, bayan wani lokaci Andrei Krylov mutuwa da iyali shi ne har yanzu kadan ko ba kudi. Ivan mahaifiyar tilasta yin aiki a gidajen mai arziki mutane. Krylov kansa fara aiki a wani sosai a farkon shekaru - da shekaru tara. Ya aka yarda ga kananan albashi sake rubutawa da kasuwanci takardunku.

Next, yaron da aka ilimi a gidan N. A. Lvova, sanannen marubuci. Ivan karatu tare da ubangijinsa yara, ya gana da artists da kuma marubuta, wanda sau da yawa ya zo ziyarci Lviv, ya kasa kunne ga su hira.

Saboda wasu fragmentary ilimi daga baya marubuci fuskanci yawa matsaloli. Duk da haka, a kan lokaci ya ya iya koyon rubuta, to muhimmanci fadada su sãsanni da kuma ko da Master da Italian harshe.

A farko a yunkurin rubutu

Wani sabon mataki ya fara a cikin rãyuwar fabulist tun da iyali koma St. Petersburg. Biography Krylova I. A. a wannan lokaci shi ne musamman ban sha'awa, domin shi ne a wannan lokacin, shi ne ya fara matakai a kan wallafe-wallafen hanya. A arewacin babban birnin kasar fabulist uwa tafi warware batun na pensions, amma ta} o} arin kasance m.

Krylov da kansa, ba tare da bata lokaci a banza, da aka shirya don aiki a ofishin baitul majalisar. Duk da haka, aikin hukuma kasuwanci ba ma damuwa game da shi. Kusan duk free lokaci shĩ yanã ciyarwa a kan wallafe-wallafen da karatu, wasan kwaikwayo, zai fara don sadarwa a hankali tare da talented sanannun yan wasan kwaikwayo, kazalika da P. A. Soymonovym, darektan na wasan kwaikwayo.

Ko bayan mutuwar uwar Ivan sha'awa zama guda. Ko da yake yanzu da nan gaba fabulist wuya: dole ne ya lura da fitar da shi da kane, wanda aka bari a kulawa.

Biography Krylova I. A. a cikin 80-ies. - akai tare da hadin gwiwar duniya na wasan kwaikwayo. A wannan lokacin, da suke hannunsa a bar libretto ga opera "Kofeynitsa," "Mad iyali", "Cleopatra", kazalika da comedy, mai lakabin "The marubuci a cikin hallway." Ba daraja kuma babbar kudade su lalle ne bai kawo. Amma Krylov yarda ya shiga cikin da'irar abokai na St. Petersburg marubuta.

The saurayi daukan karkashin reshe a rare marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo da kuma neman taimako Knyazhin Krylov mafi nasarar inganta ayyukansu. Duk da haka, da Ivan Andreyevich ba kawai ki yarda da wannan taimako, amma kuma yana tsayawa wani dangantaka da Knyazhinym, sa'an nan ya rubuta comedy "Pranksters" a cikin abin da kowane yiwu hanya na yin fun na marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo, da matarsa. Yana ba m da cewa sosai comedy aka dakatar da staging, kuma marubucin yana spoiled dangantakar da marubuta, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo Directorate, ta hanyar abin da ayyukan da aka sanya a kan mataki.

A karshen shekaru goma Krylov tana son kokarin hannunsa a aikin jarida. A mujallar "Morning Watch" ya songs da aka buga a 1788, amma su ma sun je kada a gane. Bayan wannan, Ivan Andreevich yanke shawarar shiga a cikin littafin da ya mujallar ( "Mail ruhohi") da ke for watanni takwas a 1789, "ruhohi Mail" shi ne a cikin nau'i na rubutu aljanna-labari haruffa - dwarfs da mayu. Marubucin buga wani caricature izobrazhnie jama'a a wancan lokaci. Ba da da ewa, duk da haka, da mujallar maida hankali ne akan yin katsalandan, bayanin cewa littafin da kawai 80 biyan kuɗi.

Tun 1790, Krylov murabus, sa'an nan ya keɓe kansa ga wallafe-wallafen aiki. A wannan lokaci da biography Krylova I. A. ne a hankali lauye da rai hanyoyi buddies marubucin - A. Klushina, P. Plavilshchikov da I. Dmitriev. Ivan Andreyevich gudanar da bugu latsa kuma tare da abokai fara buga mujallar "The Spectator" (daga baya - "St. Petersburg Mercury"). A 1793, mujallar karshe an rufe da fuka-fuki na shekaru da dama bar babban birnin kasar.

A sabis na Prince Golitsyn

Har 1797 Krylov zaune a cikin Moscow, sa'an nan ya fara tafiya cikin kasa, da tsayawa a gidaje da kuma kadarori na da abokansa. Fabulist aka kullum neman kafofin samun kudin shiga, da kuma don wani lokaci samu kyawawa a katin wasanni. Af, Krylov aka sani a matsayin mai nasara player a kan gab da magudi.

Prince Sergey Fedorovich Golitsyn Masana Ivanom Andreevichem, ya miƙa su zama gida malami da kuma na sirri Sakatare. Krylov zaune a cikin Prince ta Estate a kan ƙasa na lardin Kiev da aka tsunduma a adabi da harsuna da 'ya'ya maza na aristocrat. A nan sai ya rubuta cewa plays for staging a gida gidan wasan kwaikwayo tsarin, kazalika da Mastering da fasaha da wasanni a kan daban-daban kida.

A 1801, ya koma a kan karaga, Alexander I, wanda yake da babban tabbaci a cikin Golitsyn da kuma nada shi Livonian Gwamna-Janar. Krylov, bi da bi, ba wurin da ofishin gwamna. Har 1803 fabulist aiki a Riga, sa'an nan ya koma wa ɗan'uwansa, a Serpukhov.

m daukaka

Kerawa da kuma biography Krylov zama musamman ban sha'awa tun lokacin da lokaci. Lalle ne, a cikin wannan lokaci, na farko yanki na Krylov ( "kek") lashe zukatan masu sauraro da kuma kawo dogon-jiran nasara ga marubucin. Ya yanke shawarar ci gaba da wallafe-wallafen aiki da kuma mayar da su zuwa St. Petersburg.

A 1805, Ivan A. nuna I. Dmitriev, talented mawãƙi, farko da fassarorin na tatsuniya. Ya bayyana cewa marubuci na tarar da gaskiya kira. Amma Krylov, duk da haka, da aka buga kawai uku tãtsũniyõyin da kuma dawo da wasan kwaikwayo. A na gaba 'yan shekaru sun kasance musamman hayayyafa a wannan batun. Krylova know da soyayya connoisseurs na Theatrical art, da kuma play "Fashion Shop" da aka nuna har ma a kotu.

Duk da haka, da Krylov aka ƙara motsi daga cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma vsroz sha'awar translation and rubutu nasa tatsuniya. A 1809, da makamantansu, ta bayyana a kan shelves na farko da tarin. A hankali yawan kayayyakin da tsiro, samar da sabon tarin, da kuma a 1830 ya riga ya sami 8 kundin na Krylov ta tatsuniya.

A 1811, Ivan A. zama memba na Rasha Academy, da kuma shekara goma sha biyu daga baya samu daga ta samu lambar zinariya ga nasarori a wallafe-wallafe. A 1841 Krylov nada Academician sashen na Rasha harshen da kuma wallafe-wallafe. Tun 1812 da marubuci aiki a matsayin mai leburare a mallaka Jama'a Library. Krylov kuma sami wani fensho ga ya ayyuka a cikin Rasha adabi, da kuma bayan vosmitomnika fita Nicholas I kara da ja da baya sau biyu, kuma ya nada da marubuci jihar councilor.

Winter 1838 Petersburg tare da girmamawa da solemnity goyon bikin na hamsin tunawa da m marubucin. A wannan lokaci, Krylov ya riga ya sa a kan wani par da litattafansu na Rasha adabi - Pushkin, Derzhavin, Griboedov. Recent labari na Ivan Andreevich aka fassara a cikin fiye da 50 harsuna.

'yan shekarun nan

A 1841 Krylov yi ritaya da kuma settles a kan Vasilevsky Island, don ku zauna lafiya, domin kansa da yardarSa. A marubuci ya kasance kullum ba ƙi ci da karya a kan shimfiɗa, saboda abin da wasu kira shi mai zari da kuma m.

Duk da haka, har na karshe kwanaki Krylov yi aiki a kan wani sabon kundin} asidu. Ya mutu 9 (21) Nuwamba 1844 a St. Petersburg da hadin ciwon huhu.

Ban sha'awa abubuwa game da marubuci

Akwai wasu ban sha'awa facts daga biography na Krylov, suna daraja ambata a wannan labarin. Alal misali, kusan ba fabulist bã Ya jin kunya da kuma bai taba rasa wata damar yin ba'a wasu shortcomings.

Da zarar ya aka tafiya tare da embankment. Ganin m adadi na an unknown tsohon mutum, hutu dalibai fara dariya, ya ce, "akwai wani girgije." Tafiya da su, Krylov ce calmly: "... Kuma da rana zakvakali".

Wani mai ban sha'awa da ya faru ya faru tare da Ivanom Andreevichem a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Maƙwabcinsa ya sosai m niƙe ƙafafunsa a lokacin da music, ko da rera waka tare. M isasshen Krylov ce: "m" maƙwabcinsa cin mutunci da marubuci tambayi idan shi da yake da shi, a kan fikafikan Abin mamaki ce cewa ya ce da cewa "don Master mataki, wanda ya hana ni daga sauraron ku [makwabcin]."

Nuni ya da wani ya faru da cewa ya faru bayan marubucin mutuwa. Biyan haraji ga Krylov, Count Orlov, tsohon yawan biyu mutum bayan da sarki da kaina dauki akwatin gawa fabulist tare da talakawa dalibai, har jana'izar wagon.