Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov: abubuwan ban sha'awa daga rayuwa, kerawa

A yau za muyi magana game da irin wannan marubucin sanannen marubucin Rasha a yau, kamar Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa game da rayuwar marubucin, da kuma siffofin aikinsa da wasu kwanakin labaran zai kasance babban batun wannan labarin.

A bit of biography

Rayuwar marubucin ba ta kasancewa ba. A yau, Mikhail Bulgakov na iya zama kamar mai bara, amma gobe ya zama mai arziki, ba da kyauta ba kudi ga abokan kirki ba.

Akwai ra'ayi mara kyau cewa Bulgakov ya zaɓi hanyar marubucin a maimakon marigayi - kawai bayan shekaru 30. Duk da haka, wannan sanarwa yana da nisa daga gaskiya. Rubuta marubucin ya fara da wuri. An san shi game da aikinsa na farko "Kasadar Svetlana", wanda aka rubuta a shekaru bakwai. A gefe guda, idan muka yi magana game da rubuce-rubucen a matsayin cikakken aikin soja, to, hakika, Bulgakov bai zo nan da nan ba. Bai kamata a manta cewa da farko aikin Mikhail Afanasyevich ya haɗa da magani. A gaskiya, bai bar aikin likita ba bayan ya zama marubucin sanannen.

Bulgakov ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Medical a shekarar 1916, bayan haka ya tafi Smolensk, zuwa wurin likitan zemstvo. Matar Tatyana ta kasance tare da matarsa. Bisa ga tunawar wadannan shekarun, marubucin ya rubuta labarun labarun "Bayanan jarida".

Amma ba haka bane ba, kamar yadda ya kamata, shine hanyar da Bulgakov ta wuce. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa daga rayuwar marubucin, wanda za mu gabatar a kasa, zai sa ya yiwu a tabbatar da hakan.

Fasali na kerawa

A 1920 aikin Bulgakov dauki zargi sosai korau. A hanyoyi da yawa, saboda marubucin bai yarda da ra'ayin Soviet ba kuma bai yabon sabuwar gwamnatin ba. Alal misali, wasan kwaikwayo na "Running" ba a saka shi ba, yayin da masu sukar sun kira shi anti-Soviet.

Marubucin ya bayyana cewa, juyin juya halin ya fi son juyin halitta. Ba abin mamaki bane cewa jami'an NKVD ne suka binciko gidan gidan Bulgakov sau da yawa, kuma mawallafin kansa an tsananta kusan kusan duk rayuwarsa.

Sayarwa mai rai

Ya nuna sha'awar dukan batutuwa masu ban mamaki a cikin litattafai na wallafe-wallafe da wallafe-wallafe Bulgakov. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa daga rayuwar marubucin sun hada da lokacin lokacin da opera Faust ya faranta masa rai. Bulgakov sau da dama yana wasa a Bolshoi Theatre. Musamman mawallafin yana son siffar babban halayen, Faust, da kuma dalilin da yake sayar da ran da yake haɗuwa da shi.

Ba da daɗewa ba, an tilasta Bulgakov ya yarda da shawarar Stalin - don yin wasa mai daraja. Bayan wannan, Mikhail Afanasyevich ya fara kwatanta kansa da Faust - ya kuma "sayar da ransa ga shaidan."

Halin bace

Mutumin da ya fi dacewa shi ne Bulgakov (abubuwan ban sha'awa daga rayuwa sun shaida wannan). Alal misali, a 1937 da dama marubutan sun gabatar da jerin shirye-shiryen da aka ba su don tunawa da mutuwar Alexander Pushkin. Bulgakov na ɗaya daga cikin marubuta kuma ya gabatar da wasansa, mai suna "Alexander Pushkin". Duk da haka, menene mamakin masu sauraro yayin da babban halayen bai bayyana a kan mataki ba?

Bulgakov ya yi la'akari da cewa zai zama maras kyau kuma mai banƙyama don kawowa a matsayin wani mai aikin kwaikwayo wanda ya sa tufafi na babban marubucin Rasha. Sabili da haka, marubucin ya gano cewa ba zai yiwu ba ya bayyana a kan mataki na "Pushkin".

Zama

Matsayin "Mikhail Bulgakov" na farko shine, haƙiƙa, an haɗa shi da rubutun "The White Guard". Gaskiyar ita ce, ya bayyana cikakken ɗakin gidan gidan Kiev a cikin aikin, yana sanya shi ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da za a yi aiki. A cikin wannan gidan jarumawan sun ɓoye dukiya. Mutane da yawa masu karatu sun fahimci wannan gaskiya. Sabili da haka, nan da nan gidan ya ɓace a kan tubali. A wannan lokaci, Bulgakov ba shi da mallaka, amma wannan hujjar ta karɓa ta hanyar sababbin sababbin masu.

Duk da haka, duk da duk kokarin, ba'a samu tasirin ba. Kuma daga gidan akwai kawai tushe.

Ƙaunataccen

Ba abin mamaki ba ne, amma gaskiyar cewa an ba da littafin "Master da Margarita" ga marubucin marubuci Nyurenberg Elena Sergeevna bai san kowa ba. Wannan mace ita ce masoya na karshe na Bulgakov. A lokacin taron, dukansu biyu suna da iyalai, don haka dangantaka ta kawo ba kawai farin ciki ba, har ma da wahala.

Don rubuta rubutun Bulgakov ya fara ne a shekara ta 1929, da kuma 'yan shekaru kafin wannan, an ba shi littafin "Venediktov, ko abubuwan tunawa da rayuwata" na A. Chayanov. Babban jaridu na wannan littafi sune shaidan da dalibi da suna Bulgakov, wanda aka tilasta wa yaqi mai mulkin duhu domin ruhun wanda yake ƙaunatacce. Labarin ya ƙare tare da haɗin masoya. An yi imanin cewa wannan mummunan abu ya zama mahimmanci don rubuta "Master da Margarita".

Woland

"Master da Margarita" shine aikin da ya fi shahara a duk abin da Bulkuk ya rubuta. Tarihi, abubuwan ban sha'awa da kuma siffofi na kerawa suna da alaka da wannan halitta. A wannan, ba za mu iya watsi da siffar Woland ba. Bulgakov ta dauka wa Mephistopheles sunan da aka rubuta daga "Faust" na Goethe. Saboda haka shaidan ya kira kansa, lokacin da ya nemi ruhun ruhu ya ba shi hanya.

Shafin farko na "Master da Margarita" yana dauke da cikakken bayanin Woland, wanda ya ɗauki shafuka 15. Duk da haka, daga littafin Bulgakov ya cire wannan lissafin duk alamun, kuma a wannan lokacin wannan ɓangaren littafin ya kusan rasa.

Bugu da ƙari, a wasu zane-zane, tare da Woland, sunan Astaroth yana faruwa. Duk da haka, daga bisani Bulgakov ya ki amincewa da wannan suna, watakila saboda ana kiran Astarot daman ruhu, amma ba mashahurin jahannama ba.

"Dog" Bulgakov

Labarin sanannun "Dog's Heart" yana da fassarar wannan fassarar: Sharikov wani wakilin wakili ne na mai shiga tsakani, wanda ya sami iko, ya fara wargaza kansa. Duk da haka, akwai taƙaitaccen fassarar.

Saboda haka, Sharikov (a matsayin sunan na biyu Chugunkin) Stalin ne, domin duka suna da sunan "iron". Farfesa Preobrazhensky-Lenin, wanda ya canza dukan ƙasar (buɗewar farfesa ne idan aka kwatanta da sauyawa a tsarin siyasa). Dokta Bormental ita ce Trotsky, saboda yana rikici da Sharikov-Stalin. Shvonder ne Kamenev, kuma Zina shine Zinoviev, da sauransu.

Cat Hippo

Wannan wani hali ne na ban mamaki, wanda Bulkovska ya ƙirƙira. Tarihi (abubuwan ban sha'awa da suka hada da) ya ce Behemoth na da samfurin gaske.

Duk da haka, bai kasance wani cat ba, amma dan Bulgakov ya fi son baki mai suna Behemoth. An rarrabe dabba ta hanyar tunani, kuma marubucin ya rataye shi.

"Ivan Vasilyevich yana canza aikinsa"

A 1934, Mikhail Bulgakov ya rubuta labarin da ake kira "Ivan Vasilyevich" a yau. Lokacin da aka rubuta aikin kawai, mutane da yawa sun ji tsoro cewa ba za a tsĩrar da su ba saboda tsananin karfi tsakanin Ivan da Tsoro da Stalin.

Ya juya ya zama gaskiya. Play masu kallo gan kawai a shekarar 1973, a lokacin da ga yin fim dauki Leonid Gaidai. Daraktan ya yi ƙoƙarin kiyaye ma'auni na farko kamar yadda ya yiwu, duk da haka, dole ne a canza abubuwan da suka faru a cikin 30s na karni na 20 zuwa 70s. Duk da haka, fim din yana da nasaba sosai.

Bulgakov ta House

Ko kuma "Bulgakov House" wani shahararren gidan kayan gargajiya ne dake Moscow, wanda ke kan titin Bolshaya Sadovaya, a cikin gidan N o 10. Daga 1921 zuwa 1924, akwai marubuci.

Gidan kayan gidan kayan gargajiya ya gabatar da wani sadaukarwar da aka tsara don rayuwar da kuma aikin Bulgakov, wanda ke dindindin. Bugu da ƙari, gidan kayan gidan kayan gargajiya yana ba da dama ga nune-nunen da aka ba wa marubuta. Sau da yawa suna cikin harkar sarari a waje da ɗakin - wani dandamali a kan matakala, wani bazara, wani tsakar gida.