Bincike na farko jiki. The tilasta doka da jikin na Rasha Federation

The mutum - a nazarin halittu mahaluži cewa an bai wa sani. Wannan factor bambanta mutane daga sauran rayuwa siffofin a duniya. Amma gaban sani kayyade cewa fasaha wanda yake iya sa wani zabi. Mun fahimci cewa shi ne, ba ko da yaushe gaskiya, kuma m, a yanayi. A duk lokacin da mutane suka yi abubuwa da cewa a cikin ko ta wani hanya rushe da al'ada rayuwa na al'umma a matsayin dukan.

Tare da ci gaban doka a matsayin babban kayyadewa na zamantakewa gami, irin ayyukan da aka kira laifukan. Duk da haka, a wasu lokuta, ko da wani mutum ta ayyuka ne don haka m cewa fahince su a cikin sharuddan hakkokin da aka quite wuya. A tsawon lokaci, wadannan lokacin sun samu matsayi na laifi. A cikin tsarin na laifi dokar, suna gudana tawurin masana'antu. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa laifuka ne harkar m ayyukan, wanda daukawa mafi fanarite. Duk da haka, kafin ka la'anta wani da aikata irin wannan, wajibi ne a tabbatar da gaskiyar aiwatar da ayyukan. Evidence art ya samo asali kan ƙarni da dama. A ranar, da nazari da kuma doka rajista na laifuka da hannu a wucin gadi jikinsu, wato gudanar da bincike. A cikin ƙasa na Rasha Federation, akwai kuma irin wannan hukumomin, wadda za a iya bayyana a more daki-daki daga baya a cikin wannan labarin.

A ra'ayi na gudanar da bincike

A bincike na farko na laifi lokuta - shi ne wani aiki da yake sau da yawa denoted da zango daya - da gudanar da bincike. Gawan yin wannan tsari, na da tarihin samuwar, da tsarin da ya dace iko. Amma kafin mu yi la'akari da halaye na wadannan sassan, shi wajibi ne don fahimta "da gudanar da bincike" a cikin ainihin manufar. A classic version na wannan lokaci ne halin da aiki a wasu hukumomin gwamnati da nufin samun bayanai game da laifuffukan da aka aikata, da kuma wasu mutane a cikin hukumar harkar m ayyukan, domin su kara fallasa da kuma kawo wa laifi alhaki. Kawai sa, da gudanar da bincike - shi ne m kafin su sami bayani game da wani laifi, kuma yi ta doka kima. Ya kamata a lura cewa binciken hukuma ba yi da ayyuka na sashen na shari'a. Wancan ne, su ne kawai bijirar da mãsu laifi, da kuma kawai kyautar da bugun fanareti da hannu ne gaba daya daban-daban hukumomi.

A tarihin binciken hukumomin

Hukumomin bincike da kuma bincike na farko da wani tsari da kuma halaye da cewa an kafa tarihi. Irin wannan tsari, a matsayin bincike na laifuka, fa, tã saiwoyinsa daga zamanin d Rus. Tuni a cikin waɗannan kwanaki da kamfanin ya mayar da martani cikin quite barnatar da duk wani buɗi na harkar m hali. Duk da haka, da aiwatar da gwaji da aka ba kafa yadda ya kamata. Wancan ne, kamar yadda mai mulkin, babu bambanci tsakanin daban-daban matakai na shari'a da aikace-aikace. A irin domin a cikin shakka daga gudanar da bincike da laifukan da aka aza a lokacin da Petra Velikogo. Da fari dai, kara darajar da rubuce-rubuce da kuma ta asĩri a lokacin gudanar da bincike. Na biyu, muhimmanci kyautata da soja tsari. Key nufin gare sun azabtarwa da kuma tambaya. Wannan irin bincike dade har 1864. Daga wannan lokaci kan aikin nauyi na kotuna da la'anta an delineated. Ya fara da zamanin investigative tsari.

A zamani lokaci

Yau a Rasha akwai dukan tsarin gawarwaki da hannu a cikin binciken da na yi laifi ba. Wannan tsari ne na dama yana nufin da pre-fitina mataki. Ya kamata a lura da cewa kowane daga cikin bincike na farko jiki ke tsunduma a cikin wata doka, cancantar da kuma ainihin ci gaban wani laifi, kamar yadda za a tattauna daga baya a cikin labarin. A lokaci guda akwai daban-daban iri gwamnatin investigative jikuna na zuwa daya ko wani dillancin.

An muhimmanci alama na bincike na farko a cikin Rasha Federation ne da cewa shi za a iya samar a cikin nau'i na wani bincike ko gudanar da bincike. A farko embodiment na labarin da aka ambata a mataki yakan haifar da wani Saukake version. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi da ake amfani a gudanar da bincike ba tsanani laifuka. Game da biyu nau'i na gudanar da bincike, shi ne aiwatar a duk sauran lokuta. Bambantawa yakan auku ta hanyar kai tsaye umurci articles na Criminal Code na Rasha Federation, da za a za'ayi a daya nau'i ko wata. Wannan tsari na samar da laifuka Hanya Code, wato da arziki na Mataki na ashirin da 150. Ya kamata a tuna da cewa akwai wani mataki na bincike na farko. Saboda tsari ne na din-din-din. Dangane da cikawa na aiwatar da wadannan matakai, za mu iya magana game da ingancin da bincike na gaskiya da aikata laifin.

A mataki na farko da mataki na gudanar da bincike da laifukan

Tun da farko, marubucin ya nuna cewa, akwai wasu mataki na bincike na farko. Ya kamata a lura da cewa su saki kawai a kan wani msar tambayar matakin, nazarin da laifi aiwatar a general. A yi, wani bincike na farko jiki aiwatar da eponymous mataki na hadaddun. Duk da haka, kimiyya matakin, a matsayin mai mulkin, akwai da wadannan matakai:

- nazari kayan da samuwa shaida a kan lamarin.

- dauke da fitar da dole investigative ayyuka da kuma na sarrafawa-search matakan a kan tushen da samuwa data.

- The amfani da wasu ba} in da matakan da procedural yanayi ga mutum.

- Direct canja wuri na laifi yanayin zuwa kotu ko ta da cikakken lõkacin fatara.

Ya kamata a lura cewa akwai uku yiwu mãkirci aukuwa a canja wuri mataki na laifi yanayin zuwa kotu. Kamar yadda wani janar mulki, da bincike na farko zamani ƙare watsa: aikace-aikace na kebewa daga laifi alhakin, da zargi ko a yanke shawara a kan aikace-aikace na kiwon lafiya matakan.

Gawan bincike na farko

Don kwanan wata, akwai Tsarin a Rasha Federation, tare da matsayi na "bincike na farko jiki". Wadannan raka'a zo a cikin daban-daban zartarwa sassan. Don gane da abin da suke da iko na bincike na farko, ya zama dole ware ra'ayoyi. Kamar wancan, to date, da wadannan investigative hukumomin a Rasha Federation:

- The kwamitin binciken, na Rasha Federation.

- Binciken Department na ma'aikatar harkokin.

- The binciken hukumomi na Tarayya Tsaro Service na Rasha.

- The binciken m ofishin.

- The binciken hukumomi na Tarayya Service for Drug Control.

Wannan jerin ne a haɗe a cikin manyan laifuka Hanya Code na Rasha Federation. Saboda haka, kawai tsarin gabatar a sama na iya gudanar da wani bincike na farko na laifi laifukan. Domin ya fahimci abin da siffofin suna dauke da wadannan gawawwaki, shi wajibi ne a yi la'akari da jigon kowane daga cikinsu akayi daban-daban.

Binciken kwamitin Rasha

Mafi shahara pre-fitina bincike dalĩli a Rasha Federation - ne kwamitin binciken. Ofishin da aka tsara bisa wannan tsarin naúrar, wanda da zarar sun wanzu a cikin m ofishin. A cewar ta tsara tsarin, da kwamitin binciken da aka izini da za su gudanar aikace-aikace a cikin tsarin na laifi aikace-aikace. Ma'aikata na wannan tsarin da hakkin a aiwatar da bincike da kuma gudanar da bincike. Game da ciki kungiyar na ma'aikata, da RF IC, shi zai iya faruwa a dama siffofin, kamar soja, ƙungiyoyin tilasta doka ko aikin farar hula.

Ayyuka na kwamitin binciken,

Akwai da dama na musamman siffofin, wanda ake aiwatar kai tsaye a cikin RF IC. A da ginshikin, shugabanci na aiki na jiki ya bambanta daga waɗanda sassan a cikin tsarin da m ofishin ko na ma'aikatar harkokin. Wancan ne, shi ne gaba daya zaman kanta da bincike na farko jiki. Aka ba da wannan, yana yiwuwa a gano mai yawan wadannan ayyuka:

- aiwatar da bincike na farko na laifi laifukan.

- aiwatar da pre-bincike cak a duk halin samu da Office aikace-aikace.

- Support of laifi bincike na bincike yanayi.

- na bincike ayyuka.

- Control da dubawa na sauran binciken hukumomi a kan, haramun abubuwan da suke yi.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa iko na binciken ta RF IC suna lalacewa ta hanyar da kundin tsarin mulki da kuma sauran normative ayyukan. Bugu da kari, da Frames ga kwamitin binciken jami'an suna shirya a kan wani kwararren da asali a cikin na musamman cibiyoyi, irin su da Academy na kwamitin binciken, na Rasha Federation.

bincikensa MIA

The tilasta doka da gawarwakin na Rasha Federation ne wani ɓangare daga dukkan ayyukan da ke jihar hukumomi don tabbatar da tsari, bin doka da oda da kuma bin doka da oda a cikin kasar. Daya daga cikin manyan sassan da wannan yanayi za a iya kira da ma'aikatar cikin gida. A da tsarin, wannan jiki yana da sashen binciken, wanda aiwatar da ayyukan da shirin gudanar da bincike hukumomi. Karkashin jagorancin wani rabo shugaban sashen. A aikinsu, masu binciken gida ma'aikatar za'ayi wani bincike na farko a kan wani isasshe manyan kewayon laifi lokuta. Bugu da kari, akwai kuma wasu ayyuka bayar da dokar.

MIA bincike aiki

Procedural ayyuka na bincike na farko na ma'aikatar cikin gida ga mafi part dangane da key ayyuka da cewa an sanya su. Wasu daga cikin wadannan siffofin sun hada da, misali:

- ci gaba da kuma aiwatar da manufofin a cikin filin na pre-fitina bincike na laifi laifukan.

- nan da nan daidaituwa da kuma gudanar da ƙananan-matakin investigative gawarwakin located in ministan cikin gidan kasar.

- bincike daga cikin mafi muhimmanci da kuma high-profile laifuka.

- hulda da sauran jihar hukuma yadda ya kamata gudanar da bincike, ya hana da kuma gane laifi laifukan.

Ya kamata a lura cewa da ikon yinsa, daga cikin investigative MVD iyaka obschekriminalnymi laifukan, da suka hada da mafi yawan laifuka da mutum, dukiya, da kuma tattalin arziki laifuka.

A binciken gawarwakin Tarayya Tsaro Service

Ya kamata a lura da cewa bincike na farko daga cikin laifukan da za'ayi ba kawai a ma'aikatar harkokin da Binciken kwamitin. Tarayya Tsaro Service, ko kuma wajen da mutum raka'a, kuma baiwa da ya dace iko. Matsayin mai mulkin, da tsarin da bincike na farko jikuna a aiwatar da FSB fama jama'a aminci laifuffuka (ta'addanci, ta'addanci, subversion), kazalika da janar tarayya tattalin arziki da ayyukan. Saboda haka, iko na tsaro sabis ma'aikata suna iyakance ga wani fairly kunkuntar filin daga aiki.

A binciken da gwamnatin tarayya Service for Drug Control

The tilasta doka da jikin na Rasha Federation ƙunshi a cikin abun da ke ciki na musamman dillancin na tarayya hali, wanda ke hulda da iko da fataucin miyagun kwayoyi a yankin ƙasar Rasha. Wannan tsarin yana da wani jam'i na halayyar fasali. Su, bi da bi, da aka fi cikakken wakilci, idan mun bincika da key Tarayya Drug Control Service daga matsalar. Wadannan sun hada da wadannan:

- iko, kungiyar da kuma bincike na farko na laifi lokuta ga laifukan da suke cikin batun da kwayoyi.

- samar da high quality-na yankin investigative hukumomin Drug Control Service.

- msar tambayar da methodological aukuwa a fagen aiki da kuma yaki da fataucin miyagun kwayoyi a cikin ƙasa na Rasha Federation.

iko na binciken

Ya kamata a lura da cewa a daidai da janar dokar da cewa kai tsaye shirya aikin binciken gawarwakin, hukumomin hidima data baiwa da yawan janar iko ko da na zuciya da sauransu bayani dalla-dalla. Wadannan iko ne:

- da hakkin ya fara shari'ar a kan gaskiyar da wani laifi, watau laifi aikace-aikace.

- da su aiwatar da wadannan ko wasu investigative ayyuka a su hankali, fãce inda izni ake bukata a kotu ko sama da hukumomi.

- ba umarnin ga jikin bincike.

- a cikin hanya wajabta doka ta daukaka kara a kan yanke wasu shawara na masu kara.

- don gudanar da dama sauran iko da doka ta yanzu dokokin.

Kulawar pre-fitina bincike hukumomi

Tun da farko a cikin labarin, marubucin ya nuna cewa akwai investigative jikuna a cikin m ofishin. Amma isasshen kananan yawan mutane san abin da su ne. Ya kamata a lura cewa duk wani aiki na jikin bincike na farko za su zama batun m dubawa, wanda, bi da bi, daukawa wani binciken. Wannan procedural mutum ya aikata daidai da sashe domin. Shi ne tare da wannan da-dokar da aka aiwatar da iko dacewa jikinsu. Irin wannan ranar ne domin №39 «Game kungiyar na gabatar da kara ta dubawa na haramun ce na laifi la'anta a cikin pre-fitina mataki." Ya kamata a lura da cewa kayan na bukatar wani musamman doka siffofin tsari. An aiwatar a kan wani m-akai. A daidai da m ofishin binciken daukawa fitar da wadannan kula mataki, kamar:

- Duba na zartarwa dokokin dangane da samun zargin aikata laifukan.

- tabbaci na domin shan da rikodi na irin wannan saƙonni.

- dubawa da bincike fayiloli, da bin doka da oda a lokacin gudanar da bincike.

A wasu lokuta, masu kara domin bin doka da oda a cikin hukumar wasu laifuka da kaina zuwa laifi scene. Matsayin mai mulkin, wannan za a iya gani a yanayi inda akwai shaida ne na aikata wani aikin ta'addanci, yin laifi, da sauransu. N.

Saboda haka, da labarin tattauna babban fasali na iko da kuma hukumomi na pre-fitina da bincike. Irfanin aukuwa a cikin masana'antu su ne na gaske hali, domin wadannan Tsarin yi mafi muhimmanci aiki ga dukan jihar - da yaki da aikata laifuka.