Barin yakin duniya na biyu - Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Jamus. Amfani da turmi lokacin yakin duniya na II. "Katyusha" - yakin duniya na II turmi

Barin yakin duniya na II kasance karaya manyan bindigogi makami iya daukan hankali a tsawo da kuma gajeren nisa, wani maƙiyi da harbe-harben da maki. Saboda da arsenal na daban-daban zamo turmi shigarwa, yaƙe jam'iyyun iya samu nasarar magance duk wani fama ayyuka.

A tarihin soja da makamai

Back a 1904 a tsaro na Port Arthur Rasha jami'an S. kuma L. Vlasevym Gotyabo an halitta sabon abu manyan bindigogi gun tare da wani gajeren ganga a cikin wani nau'i na tube. 47-mm sojan ruwa gun aka yi nufi ga jefa wuta a kan abokan gaba hari. Range na jirgin irin wannan makaman da aka kananan, kawai 400-500 mita.

Daga baya rokoki yakin duniya na farko da aka yi amfani a matsayin wani tasiri wajen wuriyar yaƙi. Amma a kan lokaci, shi ne ci-gaba da sabuwar dabara ta zama wani karaya makami. Barin yakin duniya na II kawo matsala ga Jamus da sojoji.

Modern siffar turmi ne saboda da farko samfurin dana kunamar rura zayyanawa. Wannan bututu-kara a kan karusa kafa biyu support Allaha a kan wani lebur farantin karfe wanda damps fitar da harbi a cikin ƙasa.

A kawai 'yan shekaru kafin yaki tare da Jamus, da Soviet gwamnati da aka mafadaci ƙaddamar taro samar da m da kuma sauki tabbatarwa manyan bindigogi bindigogi, da imani da cewa shi ne zai maye gurbin mai yawan manyan bindigogi da makamai. Saboda wannan dalili, an dakatar da samar da atomatik gurnati shirin mai gabatarwa Taubina cewa a lokacin da dabara gwajin a 1937 ya kafa kansa a matsayin kyakkyawan fama hinged rubuta makamai.

Turmi-shebur zamo 37mm

A shekara ta 1938, musamman ga dakaru raka'a ɓullo da hur turmi 37mm zamo. Marubucin na fama naúrar ya M. G. Dyakonov, sanannen zanen na bama-bamai da kuma harsasai ga manyan bindigogi. Bugu da kari, su da aka ɓullo da: a hannunka gurnati RGD-33 bindiga gurnati.

A filin yanayi, 37-mm turmi za a iya kwatanta ta da wani talakawa shebur. Shooting wannan irin makami aka yi Claymore nawa. Baftisma na wuta turmi Dyakonova samu a cikin Finnish yaƙin neman zaɓe.

Abin baƙin ciki, da fuska da kuma daidaito na wadannan makamai bar yawa da za a so. Saboda da low yadda ya dace da 37-zamo kamar turmi, an yanke shawarar zuwa lokaci fitar da cire daga Red Army. Amma rayuwar yanke shawarar daban. A amfani da rokoki a cikin yakin duniya na biyu 37 mm zamo samu ta aikace-aikace. A hunturu na 1942, godiya ga goyon bayan da wuta rokoki Dyakonova, paratroopers na 4th Air Corps nasarar parachuted a Vyazma yanki na birnin.

A yi halaye na rokoki zamo 37:

• Zamo kamar bindigogi - 37 mm.
• Weight - 2.4 kg.
• Airspeed mahakar - 65-70 m / s.
• Mafi qarancin Range - 60 m.
• Cikin kewayon matsakaicin jirgin nawa - 250 m.
• Dako nauyi (mahakar) - 0.5 kg.

Turmi kamfanin kwamandan batun a 1938 da kuma 1940. (Zamo 50 mm)

Serial samar da manyan bindigogi da aka kaddamar Soviet tsaro masana'antu a 1939. A developer ne gwaji zane hukumar, karkashin jagorancin B. I. Shavyrinym. Schematically, turmi da aka shirya a kan wani kirkirarren alwatika. A ganga-bututu wuta a yanki da kuma bipod tare da dagawa inji kasance a kan daya gefen da wannan alwatika, da ɓangare na uku da aka hasashen line tsakanin goyon baya da kuma gun karusa.

Features kamfanin kwamandan turmi 50mm zamo daga 1938:

• Zamo - 50 mm.
• Weight - 17 kg.
• Airspeed mahakar - 95 m / s.
• A iyakar kewayo na harbi - 800 m.
• Rate - 32 Shots da minti.
• Dako nauyi (mahakar) - 0,85 kg.

A nan gaba, da zane da aka inganta a KB VN Shamarina. Kuma a cikin 1940, aka fito da wani sabon version na 50-mm turmi saitin. Kamar yadda na Yuni 22, 1941 50-mm turmi bindigogi sun zama mashahuri a cikin Red Army, su yawan kai game da miliyan 24 raka'a. Musamman rare wadannan rokoki yakin duniya na biyu bai yi amfani.

By karshen 1943 da kadan soja raka'a amfani da irin wannan makami. A dalilin shi ne cewa a kananan kewayon wuta isa kawai 800 mitoci, wanda sanya turmi lissafin kusa yadda ya kamata zuwa ga makiya matsayi. Saboda wannan, soja raka'a sha wahala mahara jikkata. Musamman rare da irin wannan turmi amfani da shigarwa na guerrillas, wanda har karshen yaki da aka yi amfani a arsenal.

Bataliya 82 mm turmi

A shekarar 1936, an soma da Red Army turmi saitin ɓullo da a Birnin Leningrad, SKB-4, a karkashin shugabanci na DI Shavyrina. Baftisma na wuta 82-millimeter turmi da aka gudanar a lokacin fadace-fadace a kan Khalkhin-, tabbatar da kanta a matsayin wani abin dogara soja makami iya bugawa maƙiyi hari a dogon zangon. A nan gaba, wadannan manyan bindigogi guda aka sabunta hanyoyin.

Alal misali, sabon juyi na 82-mm turmi bayyana a kowace shekara ga duk ayyukan soji. Wadannan rokoki WWII bauta da aminci ga dama shekaru masu zuwa. Babu soja aiki Soviet sojojin ba tare da wadannan makamai.

Nasara amfani da rokoki a cikin yakin duniya na biyu da wannan ya nufi zamo cewa sun zama wani samfur na wani hur version na turmi "Tire" da samfurin a cikin 1981.

makamai Wehrmacht

Jamus yakin duniya na II mahakar domin rokoki Ya sanya daga daban-daban calibres, kamar yadda fama arsenal turmi Wehrmacht shuke-shuke da 'yan gyare-gyare - 50-mm da kuma 81-mm samfurori 1936 da kuma 1932 bi da bi.

Ga wasu bayani dalla-dalla rokoki Wehrmacht mafĩfĩta su Soviet takwarorinsu. Yana bai taimaka da Jamusanci sojoji zuwa yi ta babban aiki - lashe yaki. Abin lura shi ne cewa kama Jamus yakin duniya na II rokoki zamo 81 da aka yi amfani da Soviet sojojin, da kuma bayan nasarar. Af, har zuwa shekara ta 1955.

Roka rokoki WWII

Gaskiyar cewa Red Army, akwai wani mataki mai ikon makamai, da Jamus koya a farkon yakin.

Da farko fama naúrar jet rokoki a karkashin Captain Flerov aikata wani m buga wa nodal Orsha tashar Yuli 14, 1941. Bisa ga shaidar tsira da Nazis, a Railway maha? Ar ya fadi a real firestorm. jet fakitin rokoki bugi ba kawai bawo, kuma cushe da incendiary. A Jamus shugabanni da sojoji ƙone ƙasa ƙarƙashin ƙafãfunsu.

The daraja daga cikin shahararrun "Katyusha" nan take yada a fadin gaban. Mun san game da shi, kuma a cikin raya. Ha} ar Ma'adinai for rokoki yakin duniya na biyu sanya dukan ƙasar. Single taken ga daukacin jama'ar shi ne: "Duk abin da gaban, kome ga nasara."

Asirin "Katyusha" - yakin duniya na II turmi

Ainihin mulki na Guards rokoki - boye zama na fama matsayi. Movement kawai a hadari weather ko da dare, saboda haka cewa makiya ba su iya gane. A yanayi hali kamar yadda aka yi tsammani. Kowane mota da aka mined, a wata 'yar alamar barazana da kama shuka ya kamata fashewa. A karkashin irin wannan yanayi, da kyaftin mutu Flyorova baturi tare da kwamandan.

A 1942, da Jamus, har yanzu gudanar ansu rubuce-rubucen da wani fadan na'ura, amma da makami, kamar "Katyusha", da suka yi ba su yi nasara. Soviet soja masana'antu ne kullum kara samar da mai amsawa rokoki.

Allied Help

An fara da 1943 Soviet roka rokoki yakin duniya na II, shi da aka sanya ba kawai a kan m truck ZIS-6 crawler tarakta STZ-5, amma samu a karkashin Ka taimaka-Lease-hanya motocin "Ford", "Austin" da "Studebaker." Tsara don "Katyusha" da kuma wani sabon ammonium.

A musamman, da roka launchers samu wata babbar 300-millimeter bawo. Su aka yi nufi ga wata da-garu tsaron gida Tsarin. Matsayin mai mulkin, "Katyusha" buga da murabba'ai. Duk da haka, akwai lokuta lokacin da launchers da za a yi amfani da sauran dalilai.

The yaki a wani birane saitin

Alal misali, a lokacin Vistula-m karya ta 8-mita ganuwar Poznanskaya kagara cajin high ikon projectiles launchers birgima fitar a kan kai tsaye wuta. Da harbe-harben kewayon "Katyusha" ya hudu da rabi kilomita, da kuma a ma'ana-blank kewayon - daya kawai. Nasarawa a kan wani karami nesa ne kawai zai yiwu ba.

Duk da haka, masu gadi-minomotchiki gudanar ya daidaita da ya makami ne mai iko ga titi yãƙi. Daga Moscow zuwa Berlin Guards "Katyusha" - a turmi na yakin duniya na II - ya rayayye halarci dukkan ayyukan soji.

By karshen yaki shi ne BM-13 makaman kare dangi. A farko na aikin gaisuwa a cikin Great Patriotic War ya a watan Agusta 1943, bayan da kwato Orel da Belgorod. Ya zama amsa kuwwar farko volleys na "Katyusha" a watan Yuli 1941.

ban sha'awa facts

An sani cewa rokoki tun yakin duniya na biyu ba kawai halakar da ƙasa hari.

A shekarar 1942, a lokacin da tsaro na Sevastopol Junior Lieutenant Vladimir Simonok kai tsaye hit daga 82 mm turmi harbe saukar da wani Jamus "Junkers" low Flying kan matsayi na Soviet sojojin. Da shi shi ne kawai aukuwa a cikin Great Patriotic War, a lokacin da wani turmi bugi lissafi na iska, maƙiyi na'ura. A lokacin wannan dama harbi leftana Vladimir Polikarpovich Simonku bayar da muƙamin Hero na Tarayyar Soviet. Abin baƙin ciki, leftana aka kashe a cikin wannan shekara 1942, kare Sevastopol.

yaki Statistics

Yana da ban sha'awa kwatanta, a cikin wani rabo daga rokoki Soviet yakin duniya na II aka bayar, idan aka kwatanta da sauran kasashe. Saboda haka da lambobi:

• United States saki a cikin haila daga Yuli 1940 zuwa Yuli na shekarar 1945 game da 111 dubu raka'a soja kayan aiki.
• Birtaniya tsaro masana'antu a kowane lokaci, kuma wannan 1939-1944 gg., Bayar 97 dubu manyan bindigogi da makamai a cikin wannan aji.
• Jamus tun farkon 1941, kuma har tsakiyar 1944 gudanar ya ba ta sojojin kusan 70 dubu turmi shuke-shuke.
• Tarayyar Soviet daga 1 Yuli 1941 zuwa 30 Yuni 1945 ya sanya 348 000 turmi bindigogi na daban-daban calibers.

Wadannan alkaluma sun nuna cewa rokoki Soviet yakin duniya na II, sun Popular kuma sanya wani invaluable taimako ga nasara a kan Nazi Jamus.