Bari mu amsa wannan tambaya: "Mene ne maganganu a cikin wallafe-wallafen?"

Mene ne hyperbole a cikin adabi? Ga ƙananan lamarin: Organic, masu amfani na hyperbole su ne masunta. A bakin "master" na labarun labarun da aka kama roach ya zama wani sutiri, mai tausayi - mai kifi-wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma pike ... yana da wuya a bayyana. Wataƙila ka gane abin da zan so in ce: hyperbole wani ƙari ne. Ta hanyar, wannan shine, don haka magana, mahimmanci, wuri na farko na aikace-aikace. Alal misali, daga misalai na zamanin Indiyawa, mun fahimci cewa "kowane ɗan'uwa ɗan'uwa" ya mallaki kowace irin dabba. Irin wannan ra'ayoyin ana samuwa a cikin maganganun Afirka. Amma kawai a cikinsu? Bari mu tunatar da tarihin mutanen Rashanci. Game da Giant hikima Crow, babban jami'in, "lashe" Sarkin duk zakara, ko wani sarauniya kudan zuma, uwar duk da ƙudan zuma.

II mataki. Daga Renaissance zuwa karni na 18

A cikin amsar tambayar " Mene ne hyperbole a adabi?" Renaissance marubuta. Tabbas, wannan karɓar kyauta daga fiction ba koyaushe ya yi rikice-rikice ba, kamar yadda a misali a cikin sanannen littafi mai mahimmanci game da dabi'un Katolika kafin gyarawar marubucin Gian Gantuha da Pagrantuelle a cikin karni na 16 da 17 na marubuta François Rabelais. A gwarzo na wannan littafin Gargantua tashi a cannonballs ze kawai m kwari.

Abin farin ciki, duk da haka, daga mafi kyawun motsa jiki, yana rufe dukan sojojinsa da harshensa daga ruwan sama, kuma a lokacin yaro wannan "babe" an kafa shi don kare lafiyayyen yara a cikin sarƙaƙƙiya, wanda, kamar shinge, a zamanin dā an rufe shi daga tashar jiragen ruwa. Ya zama kamar yadda ya fahimci abin da ake magana da shi a cikin wallafe-wallafen har zuwa ƙarshen karni na 18. Amma abin da aka ba da labarin ya canza sosai: daga nunawa satire zuwa halayen kirki mai kyau. Mutumin "mafi gaskiya" a cikin ƙasa, Baron Munchausen, sauƙi "ya rushe" kan zaki ya buge shi da wuka mai kama da farauta, sa'an nan ya sanya shi da zubar da hankali a bakin bakin mahaifa. Daidaitacciyar daidaitattun ƙyale baron ya sake cika kayan ajiyar gine-ginen gidansa. Bayan harbe kifin wutsiyar jagoran alade, jagoran tare da taimakonsa maciji mai makafi, baron, riƙe har zuwa harbi da maɓallin wutsiya, ya jagoranci dabba marar kulawa kai tsaye a cikin ɗakin.

Sashe na III. Gabatarwar manufar. Shekaru XIX ne zamaninmu. Ma'anar wani fariya

Daga bisani wasulla aikace-aikace na wannan art liyafar canza. Tun da karni na XIX, haɗin kan yana riga yana amfani da shi na zamani. Ma'anar ta yanzu sun canza, saboda ci gaba da ƙetarewa da ƙetare, yana bin wasu manufofi fiye da baya. Manufarta a yanzu ita ce ta jaddada maƙamantarwa ta fasaha ko kuma ta tsayar da hukunci. Gaskiya - daidaituwa ta ainihin yanzu yana inganta inganta tasirin aikin mai karatu. Tana da nasabaccen fasaha na marubucin. Binciken da aka yi wa madaidaiciya mai haske ya juya zuwa tsari mai mahimmanci. Bari mu tuna da layin Lermontov daga Borodin, game da "baƙin ciki na jikin jini," wanda ya hana kwayar daga tashi. Saboda haka, kawai zaku dalla dalla a kan abubuwan da ba a rubuta ba a cikin sojojin, kuma a hankali - tare da yin la'akari da masu karatu ga filin karkarar karfin jini, mai mawaka ya samo asali na zane-zane na duniya, zubar da jini, haukaci da kuma zafi na yaki. An bayyana saurin gaggawa da mawakan ya nuna ta hanyar mahaukaciyar taɗi: "Banners sunyi kama da inuwa." Kamar yadda muka gani, ƙaddamarwa mai kirkiro na Lermontov ya haifar da al'ajabi na ainihi. Menene aka rubuta a nan? Kawai ƙara ƙaddamar da saurin tsarin da aka jefa a cikin mai juyawa, ko kwatancin rashin daidaituwa: banners da inuwa, wato, aika da dukkanin raka'a zuwa duniya na inuwa, wato. A cikin babu? Abin da yake da shi? Misali? Hyperbole? Maimakon haka, duka biyu, da kuma wani. Misali na sama kada ku bar ra'ayi cewa yawancin hyperbole shi ne fagen yaƙi.

Lalle ne, a karo na farko a cikin mafi zurfin zurfin hanya, tambayar "Menene babban jigon littafi a wallafe-wallafen?" Daga cikin karni na goma sha tara aka amsa. Shine gyaran gyare-gyare wanda yake jaddada girma da kyau na zane-zane. Babban mashahurin mashahurin mawallafi shine babban marubutan Rasha Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol. Maganarsa game da "Dnieber mai ban mamaki" a cikin labarin "Ƙaƙƙarrin Raƙumanci" gaskiya ne. Kuma ta yaya yake amfani da wata hadari wanda "ba kowane tsuntsaye" an yarda ya tashi zuwa tsakiyar babban kogin! Amma Gogol ya fi amfani da hyperbole da "dariya don kare kanka", da karimci ya ba su siffar rarrabe, alama ce: "sutura mai zurfi" wanda ya fi dacewa da Bahar Black, ko bakin ya buɗe da mamaki har ya kasance kamar "Arch of General Staff".

Mai kula da wannan hanya (siffar hoto) shi ne dan labarin Danish Andersen. Ya "Little Mermaid" - wani jigon haske mai haske da misali.

Ayyukan yin amfani da rubutu a cikin wallafe-wallafen ya zama maɗaukaka. A gefe guda, kamar yadda muke gani, zai iya daidaitawa, a daya - yana dauke da halakar ƙyama.

Hakanan mai girma na Mayakovsky suna da kyau. Faɗuwar rana, hasken wuta "a cikin Sunni 140", yayi mamaki.

Har ila yau ana amfani da Hyperbola ta zamani, mai saurin gaske kuma ya rigaya ya tafi, wani lokaci kuma ya bambanta da mawallafa: Victor Pelevin, Boris Akunin, 'yan'uwan Strugatsky, Valentin Pikul, Weller Mikhail Iosifovich.

Ƙarshe

Kamar yadda ka fahimta, muna magana ne game da kayan kayan fasaha na ainihin masters. Kuma kana buƙatar amfani da shi da fasaha. In ba haka ba, mutane za su "yi dariya" a kan marubucin marayu. Menene ya kamata a tuna da shi don yin amfani da hyperbole a fiction? Bai kamata su keta halayyar dabi'a ba. Ba a ba su izinin rushe sakamakon sakamakon da haruffa suka ɗauka ba. Ba'a kuma ba da shawara don karkatar da hotuna da yawa ba. Duk da haka, abin da ke sama ba ya dace da ayyuka masu ban sha'awa, inda marubucin farko ya cire irin waɗannan ƙuntatawa.