"Ba dole ba Mutane" a cikin wallafe-wallafe. Taken "superfluous mutum" a Rasha adabi

"Ba dole ba Mutane" a adabi - Waɗannan su ne siffofin da suke da hali na Rasha litattafan na tsakiyar karni na sha tara. Misalai na irin wannan haruffa a ayyukan art - jigo na labarin.

Wa buga ajalin?

"Ba dole ba Mutane" a cikin adabi - haruffan da ya bayyana a cikin farkon karni na sha tara. Wane ne a wani ajali buga ne ba a sani ba. Zai yiwu Herzen. A cewar wasu rahotanni - Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin. Bayan duk, babban Rasha mawãƙi da zarar ce cewa Onegin - "superfluous mutum". Duk da haka dai, wannan hoton ne kahu sosai a cikin ayyukansu na sauran marubuta.

Kowane dalibi ba ma karanta Romana Goncharova, yana sane da wannan wallafe-wallafen gwarzo, kamar Oblomov. Wannan hali ne da wakili na duniya na tsohon maigidan haya, sabili da haka ba zai iya daidaita da sabon.

Common bayyanar cututtuka

The "karin mutane" a samu a cikin waɗannan ayyukansu litattafansu kamar yadda I. S. Turgenev, M. Yu. Lermontov. Kafin la'akari kowane daga cikin haruffa, wanda za a iya dangana a wannan rukuni, haskaka kamance. "Ba dole ba Mutane" a cikin adabi - da heroes da sabanin, a rikicin da al'umma zuwa ga abin da suka rababbe. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, suka suna hana daraja, da dũkiya.

misalai

"Ba dole ba Mutane" a adabi - ne haruffa gabatar da marubucin a cikin wani dan hanya yanayi. Suna moderately ilimi, amma su sani unsystematic. "Superfluous mutum" ba zai iya zama mai zurfi zurfin tunani ko malamin, amma ya na da "ikon hukunci", baiwar balaga. Kuma babban alama wannan wallafe-wallafen hali - gmian kai hali ga wasu. A matsayin misali, a lõkacin Pushkin ta Onegin, kauce wa lamba tare da makwabta.

"Ba dole ba Mutane" a Rasha adabi na karni na 19th ne heroes wanda zai iya ganin mũnãnan ayyuka na zamani al'umma, amma ba su san yadda za a rama su. Su ne sane da matsaloli na duniya. Amma, alas, kuma m domin ya canza wani abu.

Sanadin

Characters ake magana a kai a cikin wannan labarin sun bayyana a kan shafukan da ayyukan Rasha marubuta a cikin tsawon Nicholas. A 1825 akwai wani yunkuri na Decembrists. M shekarun da suka gabata, gwamnatin a tsoro, amma a wannan lokacin akwai wani ruhu da 'yanci a cikin al'umma, da so ga canji. Nicholas I manufofin da aka quite rigima.

Sarkin ya gabatar da sauye-sauye tsara don yin rayuwa sauki ga manoma, amma a lokaci guda yin duk abin da ya karfafa autocracy. Fara fito fili daban-daban da'ira a wadda mahalarta tattauna, kuma ya soki halin yanzu gwamnati. Mai masauki salon qin jini zuwa da yawa ilimi mutane. Amma matsala shi ne cewa mahalarta na daban-daban kungiyoyin siyasa da mallakar jama'a, wanda ba zato ba tsammani una da qiyayya.

A dalilan da fitowan "superfluous maza" a Rasha adabi kafe a cikin zargin da wani sabon nau'in al'ummar dan Adam, da aka ba a karɓa daga jama'a da kuma ba kai shi. Irin wannan mutum tsaye daga taron, sabili da haka ya haddasa rikice da kuma hangula.

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, manufar "superfluous mutum", da farko ya gabatar a cikin adabi na Pushkin. Duk da haka, ajalin da ɗan Heart. Haruffa da suke a cikin rikici da zamantakewa yanayi, ya bayyana a cikin adabi da. A protagonist na comedy Griboyedov yana da siffofin muhimmi a cikin irin wannan haruffa. Za mu iya ce cewa Chatsky misali ne na "superfluous mutum"? Domin amsa wannan tambaya, shi wajibi ne don yin taƙaitaccen bincike na comedy.

Chatsky

Griboyedov gwarzo ƙaryata m famusovskogo tushe na al'umma. Ya kushe da servility da makafi kwaikwayo na Faransa fashion. Yana ba ya zama ba tare da hankali daga wakilan famusovskogo al'umma - Hlestova, hryuminyh, ZAGORETSKY. A sakamakon haka, Chatsky ji m, ba a ce mahaukaci.

Griboyedov gwarzo - wani wakilin m al'umma, wanda ya hada da mutane da suka ba sa so su sa up tare da dauki domin da saurã daga baya. Saboda haka, zamu iya cewa jigo na "superfluous mutum" da aka fara tashe da marubucin "Bone ya tabbata daga wit".

Eugene Onegin

Amma yawancin adabi da shawara cewa, wannan hali ne na farko, "superfluous mutum" a litattafan da shayari ta Rasha ta mawallafa. Onegin - wani mutum, "magaji zuwa iyalinsa duka." Ya fara karatu a wata sosai hakuri, amma ba shi da wani a-zurfin ilmi. Rubuta kuma magana a Faransa, ta halitta nuna hali a cikin al'umma, domin ya karanta 'yan ambato daga ayyukan tsoho mawallafa - wannan shi ne isasshen domin ya haifar da wani m ra'ayi a duniya.

Onegin - hankula wakilin aristocratic al'umma. Ya bai iya "aiki tukuru", amma shi ne iya haskaka a cikin al'umma. Ya na fitad da wani aimless, rago zama, amma shi ya kasance ba ya kuskure a cikin wannan. Eugene ya zama abin da mahaifinsa, wanda ya ba da uku da bukukuwa a kowace shekara. Ya zaune kamar yadda akwai masu rinjaye na Rasha nobility. Duk da haka, sabanin su, a wasu nufi shi zai fara zuwa fuskanci gajiya, takaici.

Loneliness

Onegin - "superfluous mutum". Ya aka languishing a idleness, kokarin zauna kaina amfani. A cikin al'umma to wanda ya ke, idleness shi ne ainihin bangaren na rayuwa. Wuya kowa daga cikin yanayi saba Onegin da wannan kwarewa.

Eugene farko ƙoƙarin tsara. Amma da marubuci na shi fito. Sa'an nan, ya fara karanta tare da babbar sha'awa. Duk da haka, a cikin littattafai Onegin sami wani halin kirki gamsuwa. Sa'an nan, ya jũya bãya zuwa gidan marigayin kawu, wanda ya umarce shi zuwa kauye. A nan, wani matashi bafadan, zai ze, ya sami wani aiki. Ya sa rayuwa sauki ga manoma: sauya karkiya haske sadãkõkinsu. Duk da haka, wadannan kyau manufofin zo don kome gubar.

Type "superfluous mutum" a Rasha adabi bayyana a cikin ta farko na uku na karni na sha tara. Amma da tsakiyar karni, da harafin tsiwirwirinsu sabon fasali. Pushkin ta Onegin quite m. Ya raina sauran mutane, ya zaune a cikinsa, da baƙin ciki, kuma ba zai iya rabu da mu da tarurrukan da kuma son zuciya.Magana cewa shi da kansa ya soki dabi'ar. Ka yi la'akari da wasu misalai na "superfluous mutum" a wallafe-wallafe.

Pechorin

Matsaloli na mutum ƙaryata, a ruhaniya soma jama'a sadaukar aiki na Lermontov ta "A Hero of Our Lokaci". Pechorin, kazalika da Pushkin hali nasa ne high jama'a. Amma ya gaji da hali na aristocratic al'umma. Pechorin ba ji dadin ziyartar bukukuwa, cin abinci, hutu jam'iyyun. Its raunanar da m da m tattaunawa da ake dauka daga kan irin abubuwan da suka faru.

A misalai na Onegin da Pechorin za a iya supplemented da manufar "superfluous mutum" a Rasha wallafe-wallafe. Wannan hali, wanda, saboda wasu rarrabuwa daga al'umma yakan mallaki halaye kamar kadaici, son kai, cynicism kuma ko da keta.

"Memoirs na wani superfluous Man"

Kuma duk da haka, shi ne m, marubucin manufar "superfluous mutane" - I. S. Turgenev. Mutane da yawa da wallafe-wallafen sukar yi imani da cewa shi ne wanda ya buga ajalin. A cewar su, Onegin da Pechorin daga bisani ranked a matsayin "superfluous maza", ko da yake suna da kadan da ya yi tare da image halitta da Turgenev. A marubuci yana da wani labarin da ake kira "Memoirs na wani superfluous Man." A gwarzo na wannan yanki ji kamar baƙo a cikin al'umma. Wannan hali ya kira kansa haka.

Shi ne "superfluous mutumin" gwarzo da labari "iyaye da 'ya'ya" - a moot batu.

Bazarov

A "iyaye da 'ya'ya" ya nuna jama'a na tsakiyar karni na sha tara. M rikicin siyasar da a wannan lokacin ya kai ta koli. A cikin wadannan rigingimu, a daya gefen sun sassaucin ra'ayi, Democrats, da kuma a kan sauran - mai neman sauyi Dimukuradiyya-proletariats. Dukansu suna sane da cewa canje-canje da ake bukata. Revolutionary-shiryayye Democrats, da bambanci ga abokan adawar su, aka kafa wani fairly m matakan.

Rikicin siyasar da suka shiga cikin duk duniyoyin rayuwa. Kuma, ba shakka, sun batun almarar-rubuce ayyukansu. Amma shi ne a wancan lokacin wani sabon abu, wanda shi ne na amfani da marubuci Turgenev. Wato - nihilism. Mabiya wannan yunkuri ya ƙi dukan abin da ya yi da na ruhaniya.

Bazarov, kamar yadda Onegin - warai m mutum. Wannan yanayin ne ma halayyar duk haruffa, wanda a adabi kira "superfluous maza". Amma, sabanin Pushkin ta gwarzo, Bazarov ba ya ciyar lokaci a idleness: ya ke tsunduma a kimiyyar yanayin halitta.

A gwarzo na "iyaye da 'ya'ya," da labari yana da mabiyansa. Ya ba a dauke mahaukaci. A akasin wannan, Bazarov baƙuncin da shakka wasu heroes kokarin koyi. Duk da haka, Bazarov kadai, duk da cewa iyaye son, kiran da shi. Ya mutu, kuma kawai a karshen rayuwarsa ya gane cewa da ra'ayoyin sun ƙarya. Akwai da sauki jin daxi na rayuwa. Akwai soyayya da kuma romantic ji. Kuma shi duka yana da hakkin ya wanzu.

Rudin

The ayyukan Turgenev ta "superfluous maza" ba nadiri. Action "Rudin" The labari da aka kafa a cikin forties shekaru. Daria Lasunsky, daya daga cikin haruffan da labari, zaune a cikin Moscow, amma a lokacin rani ne da barin garin, inda shirya m maraice. Guests ta - sosai ilimi mutane.

Da zarar a cikin gidan Lasunsky bayyana wani Rudin. Wannan mutumin shi ne yiwuwa ga shawara, sosai mabiyin, kuma ya wit bautar da masu sauraro. A baƙi da kuma uwar gida sihirce m balaga Rudin. Lasunsky kiran shi ga rayuwa a cikin gidanta.

Domin ba wata hujja bayanin Rudin, Turgenev gaya game da rayuwarsa facts. Wannan mutumin da aka haife shi a wani matalauci iyali, amma ba na da marmarin yin kudi, fita daga kangin talauci. A farko, ya yi zama a kan wani pittance, wanda ya aiko shi zuwa ga uwarsa. Sa'an nan kuma akwai kudi na arziki abokai. Rudin a cikin matasa suka sãɓã wa jũna m oratorical basira. Ya kasance mutum mai fairly ilimi, saboda duk su dama lokacin ciyar karanta littattafai. Amma matsala shi ne cewa a cikin jawabansa bai bi. A lokacin sani da Lasunsky ya zama mutum, mugun addabi da rayuwa ta da matsaloli. Bugu da kari, shi ya zama mai raɗaɗi, kuma ko da girman kai banza.

Rudin - "superfluous mutum". Shekaru masu yawa na nutsewa a cikin falsafa Sphere ya haddasa abin da talakawa m abubuwan kamar ƙẽƙasassu bãya. Wannan Turgenev ta gwarzo - a haife orator, da kuma kawai aspired - to cinye mutane da kansu. Amma da yake da rauni žwarai, spineless, don zama wani shugaban siyasa.

Oblomov

Saboda haka, "superfluous mutum" a Rasha litattafan - disillusioned bafadan. A gwarzo Romana Goncharova wani lokacin koma zuwa irin wannan wallafe-wallafen heroes. Amma za a iya kiranta Oblomov "superfluous mutum"? Bayan duk, ya aka gundura, languishing a kan otchemu gidan da kuma dukan abin da yake da gonaki 'hanyarsa ta rayuwa. Kuma shi ne a cikin wani hali ba ta taka rawar gani a cikin hanyar rayuwa da kuma hadisai, hali na membobin su al'umma.

Wanda shi ne irin wannan bummer? Yana da zuriyar da mai masauki iyali, wanda aka] in yin aiki a cikin ofishin, da kuma kwanaki domin ya ba tashi daga kujera. An kullum yarda, amma ba quite daidai. Oblomov ba zai iya samun amfani da zuwa rayuwa a Petersburg, saboda mutanen da ke kewaye da shi, gaba ɗaya kirga, heartless mutum. Babban hali, da bambanci, mai kaifin kafa da kuma, mafi muhimmanci, yana da high ciki halaye. Amma me ya sa ya ba ya so ya yi aiki?

Gaskiyar cewa Oblomov, kazalika da Onegin da Rudin, ba su ga wani ji a cikin irin wannan aikin, irin wannan rayuwa. Wadannan mutane ba zai iya aiki saboda abu wadata. Kowace daga cikinsu na bukatar wani babban ruhaniya nufi. Amma ba ya zama ko da shi ya ƙarancin cancantar. Kuma Onegin, kuma Rudin, kuma Oblomov ne "superfluous."

A babban harafin da littafinsa Goncharov tsayayya Stolz - a shimfiɗar jariri, da aboki. Wannan hali na farko Halicci tabbatacce ra'ayi a cikin karatu. Stolz - wuya-aiki, makasudin-daidaitacce mutum. A marubuci ya ba da wannan gwarzo na Jamus asalin shi ne ba ta hanyar kwatsam. Goncharov idan alluding ga gaskiyar cewa "Oblomovism" wahala iya kawai Rasha mutane. Kuma a fili yake cewa a kan aiki na Stolz ta kome a karshe surori. Wannan mutumin yana da wani mafarki, babu sarauta maɗaukaka ideas. Ya sami isasshen, abũbuwan rãyuwã da kuma tsaya a nan ba tare da ci gaba da bunkasa.

Rinjayar "superfluous mutumin" ga wasu

Ya kamata kuma ce 'yan kalmomi game da heroes cewa kewaye da "superfluous mutum". Literary haruffa, kamar yadda aka ambata a cikin wannan labarin, shi kadai, m. Wasu daga cikin su kawo karshen rayukansu farkon. Bugu da kari, da "superfluous maza" isar da grieving da sauransu. Musamman mata da suka yi da rashin kulawa soyayya.

By da "superfluous maza" wani lokacin matsayi da kuma Pierre Bezukhov. A kashi na farko na da labari, sai ya kasance ci gaba da bege, neman wani abu. Yanã ciyarwa da yawa lokaci a kan soirées, sayen zane-zane, karanta da yawa. A bambanci zuwa sama haruffa, Pierre ya samu kansa, ba ya mutu, ko dai ta jiki ko ta abi'a.