Ãyõyin gargajiya wallafe-wallafe. Wani misali na Rasha classicism a comedy "The Ƙananan"

A zamanin mulkin Petra Velikogo a Rasha ya fara sa harsashin ginin wani sabon Trend in wallafe-wallafe. Gargajiya ãyõyi samo asali a Italiya a cikin 16th karni. A cikin shekara ɗari da shugabanci ya kai ta qarshe ci gaba a Faransa a zamanin mulkin Louis 14th, wanda yake ikirarin cikakkar daular mulkinsu.

Asalin da na gargajiya zamanin da janar halaye

A akida dalilin samuwar wata wallafe-wallafen motsi ne tallafi na wani karfi jihar iko. Kamar yadda wani babban burin sa classicism yabo cikakkar daular mulkinsu. Fassara daga Latin lokaci classicus ma'anar "abar". Ãyõyin gargajiya adabi samu su asalin daga zamanin da, da kuma ka'idojin Dalili na samfurin zama N. Boileau "Poetic Art" (1674). Yana gabatar da manufar uku wadanda kuma magana game da m yarda da abun ciki da kuma tsari.

A falsafa tushen classicism

Rationalist metaphysics Rene Dekarta rinjayi samuwar wannan wallafe-wallafen motsi. Babban rikici a litattafansu zama adawa na dalilin da so. A daidai da rabo daga dukkan nau'o'i a high, matsakaici da kuma low styles aka halicce art tsarin.

Key siffofin na classicism unsa da amfani da dokoki na uku unities (lokaci, wuri da kuma mataki) da kuma normative poetics, saboda abin da ya zama The birki halitta ci gaban da wallafe-wallafen tsari. Caste da mulkin gargajiya matsayi aka nuna a cikin aristocratic hali na classicism. Heroes ne zai fi dacewa wakilan da tsada suke dako nagarta. High jama'a babbar sha'awa da kuma kishin kasa da daga baya ya zama dalilin samuwar wasu wallafe-wallafen trends.

Ãyõyin gargajiya wallafe-wallafe. Features na Rasha classicism

A Rasha shi ne a wallafe-wallafen motsi fara dauki siffar a cikin marigayi 17th karni. Duk da cewa ayyukan Rasha classicists samu dangane da N. Boileau, classicism a Rasha ne muhimmanci daban-daban. Its aiki ci gaba, sai ya fara bayan mutuwar Bitrus Mai girma, a lokacin da limaman da nobility kokarin sake samu a jihar a cikin pre-Petrine sau. Wadannan cututtuka su ne musamman zuwa Rasha classicism shugabanci:

1. Shi ne mafi m, kamar yadda aka rinjayi da ra'ayoyi da haske.
2. Husũma halitta daidaitakar dukan 'yan adam.
3. Babban rikicin ya faru tsakanin aristocracy da bourgeoisie.
4. A Rasha, shi yana da nasa tsufa - Native tarihi.

Odic shayari, na gargajiya, kerawa Lomonosov

Mikhail ya ba kawai wata halitta masanin kimiyya, amma kuma wani marubuci. Ya tsananin lura da ãyõyin classicism, da classic Ode za a iya raba da dama thematic kungiyoyin:

1. Triumphantly m. "Ode a kan shan na Khotin '(1739) da aka a haɗe ga wasika daga cikin dokoki na Rasha versification. Da samfurin ya yadu used alamomin da ya gabatar a gama image na Rasha soja.
2. Ode alaka Accession zuwa kursiyin da monarch, a cikin abin da ãyõyin classicism gano a fili sosai. Lomonosov rubuta ayyukan jawabi ga Empress Anna, Elizabeth, Catherine II. Gõdewa Ode marubuci da jũna mafi dadi conformal zance da monarch.
3. Ruhaniya. A 18th karni da suka kira kwafi na Littafi Mai Tsarki texts tare da lyrical ciki. Ga marubucin yayi magana ba kawai game da sirri abubuwan, amma kuma game da al'amurran da suka shafi duniya.

odes Lomonosov

Mikhail makale rubuce-rubuce ayyukan kwarai Genre, wanda aka halin da bukukuwan harshe, da yin amfani da hanyar m magana da Rokon - ne babban fasali na classicism a Ode. Lomonosov nufin da jaruntakar da m jigogi, shahara ga da kyau na motherland, da kuma karfafa mutane su yi nazarin kimiyya. Ya na da kyau hali zuwa daular mulkinsu da kuma "Ode a ranar Accession zuwa kursiyin Elizabeth Petrovna," ya nuna wannan ra'ayi. Da yake haskaka mutum, Mikhail yin kokari domin ilmantar da dukan da yawan jama'a na Rasha, saboda haka ba ta mabiya wani mai arziki da wallafe-wallafen al'adunmu.

Yadda za a bambanta a classic? Ãyõyin classicism a comedy "The Ƙananan"

Samfurin kunshi ayyuka (yawanci 5) da kuma mamaki, da kuma batun tattaunawar a cikin classic comedy ne jihar. Marubucin gani wadannan alamu na classicism "ignoramus" da "Birgediya".

M hali comedies Fonvizin

Ya wallafa wani littafi aiki ya fara tare da Denis Ivanovich fassarorin na Turai matani da lokacin yayin da wasa da rawa a cikin Drama Theater. A 1762 ya aka gabatar da comedy "Birgediya" sa'an nan "Korionov". Mafi na duk an nuna alamun classicism a "ignoramus" - mafi recognizable ayyukan marubucin. A peculiarity aikinsa qarya a cikin gaskiyar cewa shi nuna adawa ga manufofin gwamnati kuma suka ƙaryata game da data kasance siffofin mai masauki mamayar. Ya ga manufa daular mulkinsu, masu garu da dokar, wanda damar wajen samar da bourgeois aji da kuma damar mutum darajar ne zamantakewa aji. Wadannan ra'ayoyi nuna a cikin jarida da rubuce-rubucen.

"Foreman": da ra'ayin da kuma summary

Fonvizin bayyana kanta a matsayin marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo, don ƙirƙirar su comedies. A samar da "Birgediya" wata babbar nasara tare da masu sauraro da samar da wani gama image na dukan ajin. Dalili na labarin-wata soyayya rikici. Babban hali ba sauki gane, domin kowane ba ya wanzu ta kanta, amma a dace da zuwa na gama image na Rasha nobility. A gargajiya classic comedy labarin soyayya marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo, used a satirical dalilai. All haruffan suna da ha wawanci da kuma hadama, suna tsananin kasu kashi tabbatacce kuma korau - da babban fasali na gargajiya comedy fili ceto. Comic sakamako marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo, kai da cikakken bai dace ba hali haruffa kowa hankali da kuma kyau dabi'u. "Birgediya" a Rasha adabi wani sabon salo sabon abu - yana da wani comedy of hali. Fonvizin bayyana ayyuka na haruffa gida kayayyakinta. Ya satire ba kankare saboda shi ba ya koma zuwa mutum dako na zamantakewa mũnãnan ayyuka.

Shugaban tawagar da matarsa yanke shawarar aure dansa Ivanushka a kan wayo da kyau Sophia, majalisar ba da shawara ya ke, lura da hali na iyali bai so in shiga dangantaka da su. da ango da kansa, kuma, ba ya ji da amarya, kuma idan ya san cewa ita cikin soyayya Dobrolyubova reassures mahaifiyar wannan kamfani. A cikin gidan akwai rikici: Birgediya da dama a cikin soyayya da shawara da kuma ba da shawara - a matarsa foreman, amma a karshen duk abin da da dama a cikin wurin da kuma zama farin ciki ne kawai Sophia da Dob.

"The Ƙananan": da ra'ayin da kuma summary

The aikin zama wata babbar zamantakewa da siyasa rikici. "The Ƙananan" - mafi recognizable comedy classicism, bayyanar cututtuka na wanda - da uku hadin kai, m rabuwa tabbatacce kuma korau haruffa, magana da sunayen - Fonvizin nasarar cika. Akwai biyu Categories na nobility ga mawallafin: fitinarsu da kuma m. Open ne jigo na zullumi na serfdom a Rasha. Marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo, bidi'a bayyana a cikin halittar m hotuna da suke da a kan wani shirin ya kamata su don samar da wani ilimi sakamako, amma shi ya ci gaba da ci gaba da ãyõyin classicism. A comedy "The Ƙananan" harafin Prostakova wani irin wahayi ga Fonvizin. Wannan hali wakiltar image na Rasha mallaki gidaje - ba da nisa, m, m, amma ƙauna danta. Duk da dukan typicality, shi ya bayyana mutum halaye. A yawan masu bincike sun gani a comedy siffofi da haske hakikanci, yayin da wasu kusantar da hankali ga normative poetics na classicism.

Prost iyali ake shirin auri mediocrity Mitrofanushka a kan Clever Girl Sophia. Mahaifiyata kuma mahaifin raina da ilimi da kuma jayayya da cewa sanin nahawu da ilmin lissafi da kome ba, duk da haka, yi amfani da dan malaman: Tsyfirkin, Vralmana, Kuteikin. Muna da kishiya Mitrofan - Skotinin, Prostakova ɗan'uwansu, wanda ya so ya aure da sha'awar zama ma'abũcin kauyuka da aladu. Duk da haka, 'yan mata ne cancanci Milo miji waninsa. Uncle Sophia Starodum amince da su jam'iyya.