Boris Polevoy, marubuci: biography, kerawa, da sakamako, memory

Ba kowa ba ne a yau ya sani wanda Boris Polevoy. A cikin tsohon kwana da shi shi ne fi so marubuci miliyoyin Soviet jama'a, da "Story of a Real Man" da aka sake buga shi sau da dama, kuma an dramatized.

da marubuci ta yarantaka

Ya aka haife kuma ciyar da farko shekaru biyar ransa, nan gaba marubuci a Moscow. A 1913, matasa Boris da mahaifansa biyu koma Tver, inda mahaifinsa ya nada birni hukunci.

Bayan shekaru biyu, mahaifinsa Boris mutu da tarin fuka da kuma mahaifiyarsa, don tallafa wa iyali, sai ta fara aiki a matsayin likita a asibiti.

Lokacin Boris ya tara, sai ya tafi ya yi nazarin a cikin Tver makaranta yawan 24. Bayan karshen bakwai azuzuwan saurayin shiga Tver Technical School, inda daga baya aka aika zuwa aiki a wani yadi factory "Proletarka" kamar yadda da fasaha.

Early aiki jarida kuma marubuci

Sana'a na marubuci Boris sha'awar makaranta. Da farko labarin da aka buga a wata jarida a lokacin da ya kasance dalibi na 6th sa. Daga baya articles da bayanin kula da saurayin nan, ya fara bayyana akai-akai a Tver jaridu. 'Yan jarida matasa gudanar ya jawo hankalin hankalin Maksima Gorkogo, kuma ya fara rika matasa iyawa.

Karfafawa bisa babban kimanta na Gorky a 1927, Boris Yeltsin wallafa farko da littafin da ayyukan art - "Memoirs na wani crummy mutum." A wannan tarin akwai da dama makala kan rayuwar laifi.

A tarihin rubuce-rubuce "Memoirs ..." shi ne quite m. A 'yan watanni kafin ya rubuta littafin a Muscovy da aka sani da "safecracker" Makhovsky. Lokacin da aka kama shi, ya juya daga abin da ya gaske kama wani fasaha na "proletarian." Don kama dukan ƙungiya, wanda ya yi aiki da wannan laifi, marubuci rinjayi aiki "undercover". By bayan amincewarsa da wannan mahaukaci da m kasada, Boris ya taƙaice a wata ƙungiya daga mãsu laifi sata banki da su, ya tafi kurkuku, har ma ya gudu daga.

Bayan nasara kammala aiki bisa memoirs na Boris ya rubuta littafin "Memoirs na wani crummy mutum." Wannan ɗaba'ar An yabo daga wajen sukar, musamman, Maxim Gorky, kuma nan da nan Boris bar factory da kuma mayar da hankali a kan aikin na dan jarida kuma marubuci.

Pen sunan "Field"

Sunan mahaifi "filin", wanda aka sanya hannu da yawancin ayyukan da marubuci, shi ne ainihin wani pseudonym. The real sunan marubuci - Campo.

Ya yaro labarin, kazalika da farko littafin na Boris Nikolayevich aka sanya hannu da ita. Duk da haka, bayan da a saki "Memoirs ..." a kan wani ɓangare na laifi, wanda "aiki" marubuci, aiki "a karkashin sunan" Boris Nikolayevich shi ne hadari. Don boye sunan da m na marubuci da shawarar yin amfani da wata pseudonym. A Latin harshen akwai wata kalma da harabar jami'ar, wanda ke nufin "filin", shi ne baƙi da sunan Campo da ya sa da ra'ayin dauki laƙabin sunan filin. Bayan da littafin da "Memories ..." duk m ayyukan marubuci da aka sanya hannu da Boris Polevoy.

Nasara rubuce-rubuce aiki da biyu Stalin Kyautukan

Fara aiki a matsayin 'yar jarida tun 1928, marubucin sami lokaci ba kawai ga articles a kan aikin, amma kuma ga ayyukan art. Saboda haka, a cikin 1939 da mujallar "Oktoba" wallafa farko labari marubuci "zafi shagon". Ta zo da shi fitarwa a wallafe-wallafen da'irori. Tun da farkon na Great Patriotic War, marubucin ya koma Moscow.

Cikin dukanin yaki shekaru Boris Polevoy ya da wakilinmu na "Pravda" kuma shi ne a gaban, rufe duk muhimmanci events. Notes marubuci, sanya a wancan lokaci, sun kafa tushen da yawa daga cikin ayyukansa, da aka buga bayan da yaki. A musamman, da littafin "Daga Belgorod da Carpathians", "Story of a Real Man", "Gold" da sauransu.

Bayan nasarar 1945, Boris Polevoy ya halarci Nuremberg gwaji a matsayin wakilin jaridar "Pravda". Bisa bayanin kula daga wannan tsari a shekarar 1969, ya rubuta littafin "A karshen".

Wannan fitarwa a matsayin marubuci da kuma dukan-ƙungiyar daraja zo zuwa filin bayan buga wa "The Story of a Real Man," a shekarar 1946. Domin ta, marubucin aka bayar da farko Stalin Prize na biyu digiri. By lokacin Field ya riga an bayar da biyu Umarni da Patriotic War na digiri, kazalika da Order of Red Star. Bayan shekaru biyu, da marubuci ya sake bayar da Stalin Prize for tarin gajejjeran labaru, "Mun - Soviet mutane."

'yan shekarun nan

Zama gane marubuci, Boris ya yi tafiya cikin duniya, ta kwatanta da kwarewa a jaridar articles da kuma littattafai.

Tun da farkon '60s har mutuwarsa jagoranci Editorial marubuci na "Matasa" mujallar. Bugu da kari, ya gudanar da dama sauran babbar posts a cikin Union of Soviet Writers, da Soviet Aminci Asusun kuma Koli Soviet na RSFSR Boris Polevoy.

Littafi marubuci na 'yan shekarun nan, sun kasance haka a bukatar a matsayin farkon aikin, amma suna da kuma high quality, kuma ban sha'awa da aka rubuta a cikin kamfanoni style of Field.

Sha'awa, da ziyartar Field a daban-daban sau ziyarci Fidel Castro da kuma David Rockefeller. Field ma koro sani da yawa wasu shahararrun mutane na zamaninsa.

Boris Polevoy mutu a watan Yuni na shekarar 1981 yana da shekaru saba'in da uku shekaru. Aka binne shi a cikin Novodevichy hurumi.

A ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da marubuci shi ne mai suna bayan da jirgin, da kuma a cikin Tver titi mai suna a cikin girmamawa, wanda a cikin 2000s aka shigar da wani abin tunawa plaque a kan gidan inda da zarar ya rayu Boris.

Pasternak kuma Field

Duk da m da kuma mai kyau rai, shi na dauke da biography of Field Boris Nikolayevich da mummuna facts.

A sanannun mawãƙi da fassara Boris Pasternak aka bayar da Nobel Prize a cikin Tarayyar Soviet mafi ransa aka kora. Idan na farko da na waqoqi da aka kyau samu ba kawai ilimi, amma da Stalin da kansa, a m shekaru, Pasternak aka zargi a kadaici daga rayuwar ayyukansa na gurguzu al'umma. Kuma bayan da lambar yabo na Nobel Prize kuma duk sun nemi su hana Soviet dan kasa. Daga cikin aiki tsananta na babban waƙen ya Boris Polevoy.

Yau yana da wuya a ce abin da ya sa irin wannan hali a kan wani ɓangare na talanti ɗaya ɗin, zuwa wani. Zai yiwu Field bai sami aiki ta takwara Pasternak saba wa bukatun gurguzu al'umma. Zai yiwu marubuci ba ya so ya rasa matsayi da goyan bayan masu rinjaye ra'ayi. Ko watakila kawai kishi, saboda, duk da basira, Boris ya kasance daya daga mutane da yawa, da kuma Pasternak a lokacin da aka dauke mafi kyau.

Story "zafi shagon"

Cewa, wannan labarin ya taimaka sa da suna a cikin adabi Boris Polevoy. Da aka buga a 1939, da farko labari na Field line tare da bukatun na lokaci - ta gaya da kullum aiki exploits ma'aikata.

Heroes "zafi shagon" sun ma'aikata na Kalinin Railcar. Polevoy, suka san ganin an yadda da wuya a yi aiki ga manyan sha'anin, gudanar da realistically kai da yanayi na shuka a farkon shekaru biyar.

Boris Polevoy "The Story of a Real Man"

Cewa wannan aikin yana dauke da "lu'u-lu'u" a cikin m gãdon Boris Polevoy. Ko a lokacin yaki a matsayin wakilin na "Pravda" Boris Polevoy ya je a kan wani soja Airfield. Zauna a can ga dare, da marubuci aka aika zuwa barci a daya daga cikin dugouts da matukan jirgi. Don mamaki da labaru, kafin zuwa gado daya daga cikin matuka jirgin ya unstrapped prosthesis a kan ƙafafunsa. Kashegari, da safe, a matsayin idan babu abin da ya faru, da jarumi matukin jirgi ya tashi a kan wata manufa.

Intrigued da rabo daga wannan mutumin, Field zarar koya cewa sunan da gwarzo Aleksey Maresev. Bayan rasa ƙafafunsa, ya koya wa tafiya a kan wucin gadi wata gabar jiki sosai da ya ya iya komawa zuwa sana'a da kuma ci gaba da fada.

Boris so a rubuta game da Maresjev, amma ya aka ba a yarda a cikin jaridar, ya ce cewa labarin ne game da legless matukin jirgi, yawo a kan wucin gadi wata gabar jiki, zai ba da alama cewa Soviet sojojin ba su da isasshen soja lokaci riga damar naƙasasshe yãƙi.

Kawai bayan nasarar, kasancewa a wajen Nuremberg gwaji, Field tuna da jaruntakar matukin jirgi da kuma rubuta "The Story of a Real Man" a kawai 19 kwana (daga cikin labarun da marubuci ta dan - 28).

Da aka buga a 1946, Field labarin nan take ya zama mai farin cikin tarayyar Soviet da kuma zuwa yanzu fiye da ta kan iyakoki. Shekaru biyu bayan buga ta da muradi yin fim eponymous fim da Pavlom Kadochnikovym starring.

Zai yiwu wannan wani mamaki nasarar da masu karatu da labarin cancanci saboda kwarjinin cewa an ji for halinsa Boris Polevoy. "The Story of a Real Man" ne a zahiri riddled da duk wannan ji. A girmamawa Mareseva Boris Nikolaevich kira dansa Alexis.

allo versions na

Bugu da kari to "The Story of a Real Man," bisa ga ayyukansu ta hanyar Boris Polevoy aka yin fim hudu mafi fina-finan. Wannan melodrama "I -" Birch "(" Mun - Soviet mutane ") da kuma" Doctor Faith "zamantakewa wasan kwaikwayo" A cikin daji Breg "da kuma yaki wasan kwaikwayo" Gold "(rubutun rubuta kanta Boris Polevoy).

Yau kerawa Boris Polevoy ba sosai a bukatar. A 'yan shekaru da suka wuce, "The Story of a Real Man" in general, cire daga makaranta domin adabi shirin. Duk da haka, da yawa artists nuna rashin amincewa da wannan shawara, kuma idan sun gudanar don samun su hanya, a nan gaba dalibai za su sami damar saduwa sake da ayyukan Boris Polevoy.