Author ta matsayi a cikin labari. Author ta matsayi a cikin labari

The labari ne mai gajeren labarin, sau da yawa a cikin ayar, a cikin abin da suka aza da kamã da jũna ma'anar. Actors a shi ne sau da yawa dabbobi.

Ana zargin tãtsũniyõyin

An yi imani da cewa tatsuniyoyi da ya bayyana a zamanin tsohuwar Girka a 6-5 ƙarni. BC. e., su mahalicci ne Aesop. By sunan wannan almara fabulist allegorically shi ne sau da yawa ake magana a kai a matsayin "Aesopian harshe."

A baza na wani sabon salo a Rasha da kuma kasashen waje

A cikin 1st karni BC Aesop ta Tatsũniyõyi aka fassara a cikin ayar cikin Latin Phaedrus. Daga baya suka fara amfani da dama marubuta - daga La Fontaine zuwa Krylov ta tatsuniya da labarun ne, sau da yawa aro daga Aesop.

A kasar mu, wannan salo ne tartsatsi a kusa da tsakiyar 18th karni. A. Kantemir shi ne na farko Rasha marubuci wanda ya rubuta tatsuniya har yanzu a 30s na 18th karni. Daga baya, akwai ayyuka da sauran Rasha mawallafa: M. V. Lomonosova, V. K. Trediakovskogo A. Sumarokov. Duk da haka, mafi m da kuma sanannun fabulist a cikin kasar da aka dauke su I. A. Krylov.

Features na Krylov ta tãtsũniyõyin

Fikafikai yanke shawarar juya ga labari, kamar yadda da shi shi ne mutane ta fi fahimta salo. Lokacin da marubuci tambayi dalilin da ya sa ya zabi sunansa, ya amsa cewa labari ne sarari ga kowa da kowa, ta "karatu da kuma barorinsa, da kuma yara." Wannan irin wallafe-wallafen halittar ya dade musamman kusa da wakoki na mutane, dole ne ya m tushe a Rasha wallafe-wallafe. Labari hade tare da karin magana da faxin, rubuta a cikin sauki da kuma bayyana harshe, ya koyar da hikimar duniya da kuma halin kirki - duk wannan ya sa shi a fi so Genre tsakanin mutane. Mene ne marubucin matsayi a cikin labari? Amsar wannan tambaya yayi wannan labarin.

Satire a labari

Satire amfani Krylov, ya ɓadda Misalin, aka nufin bude matsaloli da kuma "sores" ba kawai al'ummar da ya rayu Ivan Andreyevich, amma kuma a cikin dukan tsarin dangane da son-kai da kuma masu zaman kansu dukiya. Satirical dirka da ya tãtsũniyõyin kiwata maras lokaci jigogi na cin hanci da rashawa, zagi, zari, da ilmi ba inji na iko.

A cikin ayyukansu Krylov tambaya musamman allegories da allusions tsarin da ake kira "Aesopian harshe." Ta ta ~ a zuwa fuska da satire. Karanta ayyukan da fabulist, mun fahimci cewa zakoki, da jakai, Wolves da Foxes - ba kawai m allegories da aljanna-labari haruffa, da kuma takamaiman alkaluma na tarihi. Duk da haka, dabi'u da kuma satirical marubucin matsayi a cikin labari ne ko da yaushe mafi girma daga cikin yanayi dauka a matsayin dalilin bada Yunƙurin ga halittar kwatanta. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa na shekaru masu yawa ga ayyukan fabulist zama kamar dacewa siyasa acuteness su, kuma a yau babu wani shakka, kamar yadda ake zama sabon kwatanta.

Author ta matsayi a cikin labari "The Wolf da kuma Ɗan Rago"

Krylov ko da yaushe kare raunana mutane daga zaluncin da tashin hankali da wadanda suke a ikon - m da kuma iko hukuncin azuzuwan.

Alal misali, a cikin aikinsa "The Wolf da kuma Ɗan Rago" a bayyana rubutu nuna marubucin matsayi a cikin labari: "A ko da yaushe karfi m zargi!" Rauni, kuma m rago jũya a cikin wani kerkẽci ganima kawai saboda karshen ne yunwa. Wannan labari ne daya daga cikin 'yan wannan yana farawa da halin kirki, kuma ba karshen shi. Krylov da zarar ya ce, abin da ke cikin aya na wannan labarin. Ɗan Rago yana da kõme ba tabbatar da su a jin yunwa kerkẽci. Kuma šauki shi zai zama da amfani don yin tunãni a kan gaskiyar cewa akwai iya zo da sa'a guda, a lokacin da zai hadu da wani karfi m wa. Ya sa'an nan za su nuna hali? Kamar ɗan rago? Hoton na Dan rago wakiltar zalunta mutane a matsayin dukan, ta powerlessness da kuma rashin ƙarfi. Babban marubucin matsayi a Krylov ta labari "The Wolf da kuma Ɗan Rago" ne m har zuwa wani yaro.

The siyasa ma'anar

Irin wannan rashin adalci, da tashin hankali da kuma aika mugunta kasanta kan talakawa, serfs da kuma barorinsa, Ivan A. ya sha nanata sunyi tir da kuma Allah wadai a cikin rubuce-rubucen. Wannan ne marubucin ke matsayi a cikin labari "The alade a ƙarƙashin itacen oak" a cikin ayyukansu "Wolves da Tumaki", "M Tumaki," "The manoma da kuma River" da sauransu. Amma ya kamata a lura, duk da haka, da cewa yin ba'a predation, zãlunci daga dukan zamantakewa tsarin, wanda ya ciyar da m zalunci na talakawa, Krylov ga babu hanyar fita daga wannan halin da ake ciki, domin ya yi imani da cewa jama'a zanga-zanga ba za ta taimaka. Wannan shi ne marubucin matsayi a cikin labari. Ma'anar wannan zanga-zanga Krylov ko da yaushe tambaye, gaskata shi kawai zai yiwu ba.

Yin fun na dukan masu sassaucin ra'ayi manufofi na gwamnati, fallasa su a matsayin dabba taron gudanar don ƙarin koyo game da kerkẽci, mafarkai na zama tumaki dattijo, Ivan A. Notes cewa shi ne ra'ayi na tumaki a kan na karshe a kan wannan "taron" da "manta" to koyi ( " rãyuwar taro "). Biye da m ƙarshe - idan da ikon nasa ne da "unscrupulous mutane", a wani tsari, za ka iya samun wani abin zamba yi "knack", inda suka so.

Zalunci da zãlunci ba, bisa ga fabulist - sakamakon ba kawai na cin hanci da rashawa kyawawan dabi'u, amma na tsarin siyasa, karkashin jagorancin sarki. Wannan ne marubucin ke matsayi a cikin labari. Saboda haka, haka da yawa ya aiki duqufar da King, Leo, image da kuma ayyuka wanda a fili allude zuwa Alexander na da sake fasalin.

"Fish Dance"

Yana da daraja abin lura, na farko, a labari, "Fish Dance". Yana gaya game da Sarki Leo, wanda ya yanke shawarar a mayar da martani ga koken game da masu aikata mugunta kanka don zuwa wuri kuma dubi data kasance domin. A kan hanyar da ya hadu baƙauye-magajin gari, wanda yake faruwa a gina wata wuta da kuma toya a shi kifi kama a cikin ruwa. Lokacin da aka tambaye Leo game da abin da ya ke yi, mutumin amsa tare da girman kai, da cewa shi ne "m mutane a kan ruwa", kuma ya zo nan don taya murna da Sarki da ziyarar.

Flattery magajin garin hits da manufa, da kuma Sarkin Leo ba hukunta wannan Guy for malpractice, amma kawai ya saurari tawakkali zur game da yadda ya kula game da bukatun mutane. Akwai fili tsammani marubucin matsayi a cikin labari - wani allusion zuwa Alexander I, wanda ya ƙaunace su yi tafiya cikin ƙasa, kuma suyi ĩmãni kome ce henchmen a cikin filin.

Wannan kama aka lura ko da a cikin gwamnatin da'irori cewa sun dakatar da labari, kuma a yarda a buga shi ne kawai a kan yanayin da Leo aka bayyana a matsayin gaskiya Guardian ga al'adar mutane. Duk da haka, ma'anar labari ne yawa fadi fiye da adalci da mutum sarki daukan hotuna. Krylov so don nuna halayyar da dukan zamantakewa domin halin da ake ciki, a lokacin da sarki ya ginu ne a kan wakilai, da kuma sha'aninsu dabam da wahalhalu da kuma zaman kansu na mutane.

"Dabbare-dabbare Tumaki"

A labari "The dabbare-dabbare Tumaki" Ivan Andreevich kalla venomous sneers a Alexander I, na bijirar da munãfinci da wanda ya mugunta musu da aminci Burke freethinkers, yayin da hypocritically nuna ta nuna tausayawa ga wadanda! Author ta matsayi a cikin labari ne sosai m, don haka don dalilai na siyasa shi ne ma dakatar, an buga shi ne kawai bayan mutuwar Krylov.

Ivan Andreyevich, isgilancinsu m arbitrariness da danniya da Sarkin sarakuna da ayarinsa, ba ya tashi, duk da haka, da ya fi na wannan m tsarin, a kan daular mulkinsu kanta, amma fĩfĩta zauna a cikin ilimi matsayi, da imani da cewa daular mulkinsu na iya zama gaskiya, bayar da cewa dokokin wayo kuma kawai Mamallakinsu. A matsayin gaskiya malama, yana kokarin inganta data kasance tsarin da ilmantar da jama'a. Author ta matsayi a cikin labari ko da yaushe ya nuna a fili, albeit allegorically.

Educational aiki na tãtsũniyõyin

Krylov ta tatsuniya a cikin ni'ima, ba kawai a matsayin satirist, wanda ya yi yãki da ajizanci na jihar tsarin. Ya hakikance cewa da koyarwan za a iya canja ga mafi alhẽri mutum kyawawan dabi'u, don haka a cikin ayyukansu akwai ko da yaushe halin kirki. Ivan A. fallashi na girman kai, indolence, lalaci, rashin sani ne, mai alfahari, munafunci, girman kai, tsoro, hadama. Ya sa ba'a ba kawai wadanda suka nemi su amfãne a kudi na wasu, amma kuma dukan Luma sunã mãsu kasãla, kuma bunglers.

Kamar yadda wani misali Trishka cewa ba'a sake shirya zanen da kanta gashi ( "Trishkin gashi"), Miller, wanda rashin kula ya kai ga cewa ya yi "ruwa dam prososala" Bear, wanda bai iya aiki, da kuma saboda haka ya hallaka da dama Birch, Hazel da Elm.

"Elephant da Pug"

A labari "The Elephant da Pug" Kare image alama ce da mutanen da suke son su tallata kansu, ko da yake ba a zahiri cimma wani abu. Elephant image ake bayyana girma da kuma muhimmancin da mutum ya wakiltar. Wannan ne marubucin ke matsayi a Krylov ta labari "The Elephant da gwiwa-karnuka." Elephant kula wanda Curry ni'imar da shi, barks, WAGs wutsiya. Magana da Shawky, Pug ya gaya mata cewa, ko da yake ta barks a giwa, a gaskiya} o} arinta ba jawabi ga shi - su ne directed a sauran karnuka. Saboda haka ta so ya burge su, don nuna cewa, ba abin da ba daya ne ji tsoro, ko da wani giwa. Abin mamaki, a cikin rãyuwar irin kayan aikin da gaske zai iya cimma wannan burin. Krylov ya iya nuna yadda m, kuma m kokarin gwiwa-karnuka da kuma yadda karnuka ne wawa, cewa kewaye da shi, kai da wannan zamba a fuska darajar. Author ta matsayi a cikin labari "The Elephant da Pug" shi ne cewa ko da yake mutane kamar gwiwa-karnuka, kuma sau da yawa iya haifar da amo a kusa da shi, da mai hikima ko da yaushe fahimtar abin da ya ke da daraja.

"Choosy amarya"

A labari "choosy amarya" Ivan Andreyevich gudanar a 'yan daidai shanyewar jiki dace da sosai hankula da kuma gaskiya hali. "Whimsical" whimsical amarya da puffy. Ta sa ta ango da bukatun dangane rasa rubutu dokoki wadanda mutane al'umma view aure a matsayin wata ma'amala. Ga wani amarya, ko "preznatnye" yan takara - "ba grooms da zhenishonki". Yana kuma bukatar da cewa yuwuwar ango kaunace shi, kuma bai yi kuskure ya zama kishi, kana da cikakken 'yanci daga halin kirki wajibai.

The labari sauti live muryoyin daban-daban na zamantakewa azuzuwan da kuma zamantakewa strata, kowanne daga abin na da sautin kuma Paint, musamman magana. Fabulist wanda aka nuna wakilan yawa fasahohin, daban-daban matsayi a cikin al'umma :. Farmers, gonaki, Kasuwanci, burghers, makiyaya, cabs, da dai sauransu A kwatanta wasu daga gare su sun kasance masu sana'a terminology. Alal misali, a cikin labari na "Merchant" wani gwarzo a jawabin nasa, yin amfani da masu sana'a irin harshe na dabam kalmomi, kazalika da tausayin-bourgeois colloquialisms ( "ƙare", "sotnyazhka", "fis", "olushek" et al.). Duk da haka, irin wannan misalai na Ivan Andreyevich har yanzu quite rare, yafi amfani da kasa da harshe, wanda dukiyarsa da aka samu ta hanyar yin amfani da siffofin daban-daban da kuma phraseology.

Krylov, daya daga cikin na farko sanã'anta a duniya suna (akwai marubuta a hankali). Da yawa daga cikin tatsuniya, a cikin rãyuwar Ivan Andreyevich aka fassara zuwa harsunan Turawa. Yanzu suna da aka sani kuma ƙaunar da jama'a masu yawa daga cikin CIS, magana fiye da hamsin harsuna daban daban. Labari karanta duka biyu manya da yara.