"Ash" (submarine). Multipurpose nukiliya submarines na Project 885 "Ash"

Kamar sauran kayan aikin soji, da duniya ta submarines tarihi raba da ƙarnõnin saki shekaru. Daga cikin "Nautilus" da "Leninsky Komsomol" zamani mai linzami-dauke da Multi-manufa low-amo "Sea Wolf" da "Boreas" ba kawai shige shida shekarun da suka gabata, a lokacin da wannan lokaci da aka canza zuwa hudu-tsara submarine nukiliya-powered jiragen ruwa. A cikin makamai na Rasha Navy riga "Severodvinsk" (K-560) Project 885 "Ash", a submarine da makaman nukiliya ikon shuka na tsara ta huɗu. Aza uku mafi kama da jirgin ( "Kazan", "Novosibirsk" da "Krasnoyarsk"), a kan tsari na uku. Yana zai zama akalla goma zuwa karshen shekaru goma, a fili. A hannun jari zo kashe wani sabon nukiliya submarine, photo, kama da wannan taron, da aka buga da kafofin watsa labaru, a duniya, wani lokaci tare da m comments, amma mafi matsayin misali na mai girma soja aiki a Rasha. Wata kila wannan ra'ayi da aka kubutar, da kuma kasar mu, tara makamai, da nuna m nufi? Dole ka kwatanta, misali, yawa na soja kasafin kudi da kuma jiragen ruwa abun da ke ciki.

Goals da Manufofi

A halin yanzu halin da ake ciki a duniya, duk da rashin akida adawa escalated zuwa "zafi" matakin, daidai da pre-yaki lokaci, da fata na da Cuban harsashi rikicin. Independent siyasa bin jagorancin Rasha ta geopolitical bukatu a cikin tsaro na kasar, yana sa hangula "Yammacin abokai." A cikin misali na wasu kasashen, an tsãge ta ciki rikice-rikice, exacerbates gaba daya lalace tattalin arzikin, wanda zai iya yin hukunci da nufi da kuma gũracen waje sojojin dauki wani matakan, ciki har da kai tsaye bakin soji, domin cimma burin su. Wucin lokaci irin wannan m ayyuka protrudes diplomasiyya matsa lamba, bi da barazanar da karfi. A soja kasafin kudin na Amurka ne babbar, shi ne haƙĩƙa mai zuwa don wani astronomical kuma unprecedented matakin na 700 biliyan. Dollars. The Russian Federation ba zai iya kare bayar sosai kudi, don haka kudin kasa da adadin a mayar da martani ga barazanar da asymmetrical. Submarines "Ash" aikin - wani misali da wani dabarun m, a karkashin abin da ya kai parity daidai m ba tare da kudi iri. Ko da yake da'awar cewa su ne cheap, ma, ba zasu iya ba.

A tarihin tsara ta huɗu,

A janar bayyanar huɗu-tsara nukiliya submarines, in general, kafa a cikin marigayi seventies. Yayin da adawa tsakanin biyu superpowers ba masked da magana game da amfanin dimokuradiyya, shi ne na quite m irreconcilable rikici tsakanin biyu siyasa da tattalin arziki tsarin. Babban Amurka sojan ruwa makami sun jirgin dako, yake a cikin gaba dayan Yammacin soja iko. Na biyu "takobi" da cewa barazana da rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet, daukarsa a matsayin Premier League. A dangane da wadannan biyu troublesome yanayi nukiliya submarine na latest ƙarni a kangewa yiwu ta'adi iya rubuce da biyu main manufofin: yaki da nauyi jirgin sama dako, suka tafi tare da an rakiya, da kuma lalata abokan submarines. Zaka kuma iya ƙara wani muhimmanci aiki: da aikace-aikace na tabbatar biya. Tarayyar Soviet sanya wani sadaukar da farko makaman nukiliya ba su shafi. Yana shirya ya haifar da wani irin karkashin ruwa jirgin, duniya, kuma ake magana a kai a matsayin wani Multi-manufa. Yana da su irin wannan da kuma masu submarines na Project 885 "Ash", aiwatuwa a cikin karfe bayan da rarrabuwa da Tarayyar Soviet, a cikin XXI karni. A tsarin siyasa ya canza a kasar. Damar maƙiyi zauna guda.

Daidaituwa da kuma universalization

CB "Malachite" a cikin Tarayyar Soviet a cikin hamsin hamsin tsunduma a cikin cin gaban sabuwar submarines da makaman nukiliya propulsion. A sabon submarine da aka ɓullo da dama a nan a Birnin Leningrad. huɗu-tsara kayan aiki ne ba kawai shekarar yafewa injiniya takardun. M ideas amfani mai yawa, kuma su ne na ra'ayi a yanayin da lãbãri a gare takamaiman fasaha fasali. A Soviet Navy maida su ba kome da yawa ayyukan submarines, yin shi da wuya, ga tabbatarwa, ƙungiya horo, gyare-gyare, da kuma samar da kanta. Akwai quite Azancin tushen ra'ayin daidaita da zane submarine haka da cewa zai iya yi da dama ayyuka, a baya samuwa ne kawai ta musamman jiragen ruwa, ko a kalla a kan tushen da guda samfurin don su iya kirkiro raka'a ga dalilai daban-daban. Wannan nukiliya-powered submarine da kuma rahusa (kudin mutane ta a cikin Tarayyar Soviet kokarin ajiye), da kuma matukan jirgin horo ne Sauki.

Rabin jiki - yana da kamar?

Al'ada PL, dizal ko nukiliya gina daga gargajiya tsari kunshi wani m jiki dauke da dukkan zama dole domin yi na fama manufa, da kuma hasken da harsashi rufe da ballast tankuna. Akwai, ba shakka, da kuma multihull karkashin ruwa jirgin ruwa na soja ( "Shark", misali), amma su ne manya-manyan da kuma tsada, don haka su yi amfani da shi ne sosai na musamman, da kuma matsalar da aka kawai a cikin halittar Multi-manufa jirgin. Bisa ga asali makirci na aikin "Ash" da aka gina. A submarine yana da wani rabin da harsashi. Abin da ake nufi? Hakika, ba shi yiwuwa a yanke wani m jiki, shi ya ƙunshi dukkan makamai, kayan aiki da inji, iko na'urorin, a nukiliya reactor, da kuma da yawa daga wasu abubuwa, ciki har da ma'aikatan jirgin. Amma tare da matsanancin harsashi na injiniyoyi na KB "Malachite" yi cikinka. Su rufe kawai hanci daga jirgin, ba kirgawa ƙara-on makami mai linzami silos. Front babban ballast tank aka located a cikin sarari intercase, goma rarraba kamar haka: 5 CHB shirya a ta bakwai, daki da kuma 4 (da karin tsara don m nutsewa) a cikin na biyar makami mai linzami. Kwantena, cike da iska ko ruwa, kai har da annulus edging kayan aiki da kuma makamai. Amma da layout siffofin shipbuilders aka ba iyakance.

reactor

A shida sashe ne "zuciya" na jirgin, makaman nukiliya reactor. A nan ne ta saki m yawa daga thermal makamashi, da dumama tururi cewa gudãnar da turbines. Submarines "Ash" aikin suna sanye take da wani musamman iko shuka, gina a kan wani hadedde-kewaye-yanki. Wannan na tabbatar da cewa duk zafi da ke faruwa a cikin ta farko kewaye (kai tsaye lamba tare da man fetur abubuwa) suna sarrafa da kuma dogon layin kai ko ina ba lallai ba ne. Girkawa m, iyãwarsa ne da ɗari biyu da wutar, da kuma shi ne kasa da "fonit" (shi ne mai tambaya na sirri). A reactor ne sosai m, wannan bukata da aka shibtarsu da wuya damar yin amfani da zones, tabbas lokaci na aiki lokaci an saita ga akalla shekara talatin.

ganawa compartments

Class submarines "Ash" yana da wani robust gidaje, zuwa kashi compartments, cewa su ne ba daban-daban daga dukan sauran mutane. Nine na su, a nan ne jerin su:

1st - CCU. Bugu da kari wani tsakiyar umurnin post nan posted ceto ɗaki a wadda, idan ya cancanta, a iya bar jirgin ƙungiya, hydroacoustic matsayi da kuma damar zuwa Matuka jirgin. Torpedo shambura, sabanin baya ayyukan ne a baya da wannan sashe, bada hanya zuwa babban "idanu" da "kunnuwa" na jirgin - eriya, samun ko da mafi raunin sakonni da kuma bada cikakken bayani game da kewaye. Submarines na Project 885 "Ash" - mafi "gani" jiragen ruwa ta aji.

2nd - torpedo, Saboda haka cajin TA kansu karkashin ruwa da makamai masu linzami, kazalika da karin kayan aiki da lantarki na waje zamiya na'urorin.

3rd, hudu, da cikakken na'urorin, jirgin ya manufa kayan aiki (janareto, Coolers, ballast farashinsa da sauransu.)

4th - gida, a nan ne Kubrick da kuma matukan jirgin bukkokin, taron, cin abinci, kiwon lafiya da kuma sauran wurare don tabbatar da al'ada yanayi a lokacin dogon m tafiye-tafiye.

5th daki kira da makami mai linzami. Bugu da kari ga karaya da makamai, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, akwai kuma ballast tankuna.

6th - reactor, ban da wani iko shuka da aka bayar da wani karin tank for diyya na farko bugun jini.

7th daki kira da injin turbin. Yana da wani wuri inda zafi tururi Canza wurin samar da makamashi da propeller shaft. Ko a nan akwai 5 BTF.

A 8th mayar da hankali inji kayan aiki, kuma yana da ƙyanƙyashe ceto dalilai.

9-th daki kira da tiller. Fassara daga harshen teku na nufin cewa akwai auku sarrafa kwance, kuma a tsaye rudders ta hanyar na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa actuators.

sanya ƙazanta

Nukiliya submarine "Ash" da aka tsara don haka da cewa ta ganewa ya kasance matsala. Yawanci, da gaban da submarine a wani yanki na duniya teku "lasafta" da dalilai da dama: amo da dunƙule sunadaran, radiological hanya, zafi masha'a, da kuma gani ta hanyar da m yadudduka na ruwa. Unmasks cikin jirgi, kuma Magnetic filin samar da karfe. Domin rage ganuwa da hatsarin landmine detonator m ga wani canji a tsaye filayen, jirãge a tashoshin jiragen ruwa da kuma a kan hanyoyi hõre demagnetization hanya. The gidaje aikin NPS 885 da aka sanya na musamman karfe gami da yake kama a kaddarorin to paramagnetic. Amo da aka rage girmanta ta 15 decibels su rage kawai ta neman sauyi ikon tsarin kewaye layout. Musamman sauti mamaye shafi kuma Ya sanya jirgin ruwan "shiru." Used da kuma sauran mafita don rage Ganuwar. Propeller daya, shi da aka yi da musamman fasahar, wanda ya samar da low-amo a guje.

makamai

Yanzu babban abu, abin da irin kayan iya idan akwai bukatar su yi amfani da "Ash". A submarine ne a kan jirgin takwas launchers shaft irin for "onis". Tun lokacin da jirgin ne m, su za a iya maye gurbinsu a kan 3M54 ( "Turquoise") ko "zamo" 3M14. Kowane PU iya saki 4 cruise makamai masu linzami. Shiryar da makamai hadaddun 3P-14P tsarin. Da makamai masu linzami zai iya buga ƙasa da surface hari, ta hanyar wucewa da lebur yanayin, samar da su su wuya a gane da kuma makami mai linzami ayyukan. A da zane kunshi qa'ida ta "kerkẽci fakitin", bisa ga abin da tsakanin tashi projectiles a lokacin da shiga fama Hakika sa dubawa connection. Da makami mai linzami, wanda ya bayyana a sama da sauran, shan mai jagorancin rawa, bunkasa ayyuka na kungiyar. A hali na halaka da makiya makami mai linzami na nufin sunã shiryarwa aiki ne ta atomatik canjawa wuri zuwa wani naúrar. Don magance irin wannan volley na cruise linzami kusan ba zai yiwu. Domin wannan "ash" ya ciki laƙabi "kisa da jirgin sama dako."

Ten torpedo shambura, duk wanda a tarnaƙi na biyu daki kawai a baya da tsakiyar umurnin post. Ammonium - 30 "Physico-1" (533 ma'auni).

Idan ya cancanta, da jirgin zai iya sa mahakar, don gudanar da wani Sonar cigaba (don wannan ne "shingen" reps-324), da kuma cika wasu ayyuka da cewa wahalad da aiki aiki na maƙiya sojojin ruwa.

Janar halaye

Ba duk abin da yake a cikin jirgi, za ka iya samun bayanai daga jama'a kafofin. Masana har yanzu hukunci da su bayyanar da cewa ne submarine. Hotuna da aka buga a cikin kafofin watsa labarai, da damar mu mu gama a kan size, su ne da gaske da yawa: a tsawon na 140 mita. Kawar da kura idon - kusan 14 dubu ton .. Har ila yau, akwai high-gudun saituna, wanda alfahari da submarine. Halaye kamar yadda kullum bambanta dangane da mataki na submergence gidaje karkashin ruwa jirgin motsa da sauri (31 kullin), kuma domin raya emersion 16 kullin. The ƙungiya kunshi 32 shugabanni da 90 matuƙan da kuma dattawa. Dukan su ne a cikin hadari, da kuma ba shi yiwuwa a gwagwarmayar rayuwa iya barin jirgin ruwan a wani m gudun hijira kwafsa, dake a cikin baka. Daya an buga da yawa na retractable eriya tsarin, falalen sama da deckhouse. Sun bayar da abin dogara sadarwar da umurninSa, kuma wasu jiragen ruwa. Samuwa bayani a kan samuwar musamman kayan aiki a kan jirgin ruwan, samar da Ft Irfan bayanai tashar a kare daga interception. Don koyon yadda yake aiki, babu wani cikakken bayani.

Ayyana cin gashin ne da ɗaya da ɗari kwanaki, amma realistically, mafi m, akwai iya zama more.

Technology da kudin

Gaskiyar cewa jiragen ruwa kasance a cikin wannan shiri, ba ya nufin su ne gaba daya m. Kowane sabon naúrar yana da wasu abũbuwan amfãni a kan gabata saboda ci gaba a fasaha da kuma yin amfani da more zamani iri kayan aiki da kuma makamai. Jirãge ake gina ba kamar yadda azumi kamar yadda wasu sauran iri fasaha, musamman kamar yadda hadaddun matsayin submarine aikin "Ash". A submarine "Severodvinsk", rene ta Navy sabis a cikin shekara da ta gabata, kudin a baitulmalin Haikali 47 biliyan rubles. A wannan adadin zai kudin da "Kazan", amma mun riga san cewa wannan jirgin Lines inganta, modernized kayan aiki, da kuma amo ko da ƙananan. Bugu da kari, da samar da duk aka gyara da kuma na'urorin haɗi submarine yanzu canjawa wuri zuwa ga ƙasa na Rasha Federation, wanda rage hadarin yayyo tallace bayanai game da na'urar kuma qara samun 'yancin kai daga kasashen waje kaya. Akwai dalilin da ya ɗauka cewa darajar kowace m naúrar za ki karbar tare da kyautata na fasaha sake zagayowar. Yana da yaushe ya faru, amma wannan sabon abu yana da wani gefe. A lokacin da ya cimma da mafi kamalar wani fasaha ne riga aka rabu amfani, da kuma sabon aukuwa ne a shirye domin aiwatar, da kuma sharuddan da maimaita karshe. Abin da kyau "Ash" Project 885, a Rasha KB yiwuwa riga da wasu ra'ayoyi. Bayan 'yan shekaru da suka haƙĩƙa sabon submarine za a kafa, da halaye na wanda za a yi ko da mafi alhẽri.