Antibodies - shi ne jiki ta defenses

Specific globulins kafa ta jiki a karkashin mataki na antigen da aka sani da antibodies. Wadannan musamman Properties hada da ikon na fili da antigen saboda su ilimi, kazalika da kare jiki daga cututtuka jamiái. Antibodies - a neutralizing dauke da kwayar cutar jamiái, Munã rage laulayi alãmõmin latest dace ko phagocytes.

Akwai biyu Categories antibodies:

1. Precipitating, ko complete. Su hulda da antigen ba wani bayyane immunoassay tsari kamar hazo ko agglutination dauki.
2. Nepritsipitiruyuschie, ko bai cika ba. Wannan category tarewa antibodies. Ba su ba da wani bayyane dauki a lokacin dangane da antigen.

Da abun ciki na antibodies a mutum magani

Antibodies ne bambancin effects a kan kwayoyin: antitoxic, anti-da ake dasu kuma antikletochny. Akwai antibodies cewa neutralize da cutar da kuma immobilize spirochetes.

Antibodies bambance masu RBCs cewa manne (haemagglutinin) ya narkar da erythrocytes (hemolysin) da kuma miƙa hadaya da dabba Kwayoyin (cytotoxins).

Da nasu sunadarai a cikin halakar gabobin da kyallen takarda ne autoantibodies. Su ake samar da sakewa da antigen a cikin jiki ya musanya sinadaran tsarin.

A magani za a iya gano zagawa da antibodies. Wannan bincike a kan antibodies, gudanar kan immunological halayen, kamar dace kam, hazo ko agglutination. Yana nuna duka kwayuka da related cell surface siffofin.

Rigakafi. antibody ayyuka

A magani kusan lafiya da mutum ya ƙunshi halitta antibodies. Wannan jiki, samar da kariya. Su ilimi, bisa ga immunologists, na faruwa a uku main sunadaran:

1. Genetically m ba tare da wani antigenic kara kuzari.
2. Reaction zuwa qananan cututtuka kai farmaki, ba su iya haifar da cutar.
3. Martani na jikin mutum a kan tasirin wani rukuni na kwayoyin ko antigen abinci.

A sunadarai tsarin antibodies

Antibodies suna a hankali alaka Y-globulin sulusi da murabba'i na magani gina jiki. A ta rashi, akwai agammaglobulinemia cuta, cikinsa da antibody ba samar da jiki. Immunoglobulins suna kasu biyar daban-daban a cikin sinadaran tsarin da nazarin halittu ayyuka, azuzuwan: G, A, M, D, E.

Immunoglobulin G, ko antibodies igg, wasa mafi muhimmanci rawa a cikin samuwar barã'aa cikin bayyanuwar siffofin daban-daban da kuma iri cututtuka.

IgG antibody jari a cikin jiki ne hankali. A farkon sosai da cutar da lambar shi ne kananan. Amma tare da ci gaban da na asibiti hoto, yawan antibodies fara girma cikin sauri, samar da wani m aiki.

A tsarin da immunoglobulins

immunoglobulin G aji tsarin ne a monomer kwayoyin na 4 gina jiki polypeptide shaidu. Wannan nau'i-nau'i biyu, kowane kunshi daya nauyi, kuma daya haske sarkar. A endings na sarƙoƙi, kowane biyu da ciwon rabo da ake kira "aiki site." A Center ne alhakin sadarwa tare da antigen da cewa yana sa da samuwar antibodies. igG antibodies a kan su endings da biyu "aiki shafukan". Saboda haka, su ne bivalent kuma suna iya daura to biyu antigen kwayoyin. Antibodies - a neutralizing factor dauke da kwayar cutar manifestations.

A karkashin wani na'urar hange igG kwayoyin yana da siffar wani elongated ellipse tare da m iyakar. Kanfigareshan sarari da aiki ɓangare na antibody yayi kama da kananan rami m antigenic determinant kamar yadda keyhole yayi daidai da key.