Algae rayuwa a halinda. Algal jinsunan, su halaye da kuma muhimmancin a cikin yanayi

Algae iya rayuwa da asali a cikin irin wannan yanayi na musamman, wanda ze mana, a duban farko, kaucewa m ga rayuwa. Yana iya zama maɓuɓɓugan ruwan zafi, inda zafin jiki wani lokacin kai tafasar batu, da kuma Arctic ruwan sanyi, kankara da dusar ƙanƙara.

Algae rayuwa a halinda

Algae iya rayuwa a isasshe m zazzabi iyaka: daga uku zuwa tamanin da biyar digiri. Amma mafi yawan kwayoyin da suke zaune a ƙunƙuntaccen kewayo.

Hardy a matsananci yanayi blue da kuma kore algae. Suna da ake kira tsinobakteriyami. Mafi yawansu ba su ne thermophilic algae. Wannan yana nufin cewa ba za su iya rayuwa a high yanayin zafi (tamanin zuwa tamanin da biyar).

A thermal marẽmari zauna kwayar algae filamentous siffofin, kazalika da guda-celled. Conferva sau da yawa girma manyan mazauna, bayar da damar gudanar bango na kududdufai, ko taso kan ruwa a kan surface daga gare ta.

A manyan yawa a cikin ruwan zafi jikuna za a iya gani kore da kuma diatoms. Amma su suna kasa saba high yanayin zafi, sabili da haka fi son su zauna a gefuna tafkunan a wani sanyi wuri. Domin su, matsakaicin yawan zafin jiki ga rai na hamsin digiri.

Kullum, a cikin maɓuɓɓugan ruwan zafi saukar da fiye da dubu biyu da jinsunan algae. Mamaye, ba shakka, da blue-kore jinsunan, sa'an nan diatoms sa'an nan kore.

A zafi geysers Kamchatka zazzabi kai 75,5 digiri. A cikin wadannan hamsin da biyu jinsunan algae da aka samu. Saboda haka, da ashirin da takwas na su - a blue-kore, da kuma kawai goma sha bakwai - diatoms, da zangarku bakwai - kore iri.

Algae a cikin dusar ƙanƙara da kankara

Akwai ma algae rayuwa a cikin m yanayi, da mazauninsu na wanda snow da kuma kankara. Hakika, da yawan zafin jiki iyaka ga algae ne quite m, kyale su su zauna ko a sosai sanyi yanayi. A cikin irin wannan unfavorable wuraren akwai ko da wani m girma na algae, wanda wani lokacin take kaiwa zuwa batawa na kankara a launuka iri-iri: Crimson, ja, kore, da launin ruwan kasa, da shunayya. Mamaye da launi na algae wanda mafi in wani ba wuri. A kauri daga cikin masu launin Layer ne mai biyu daga santimita, wato zuwa ga irin wannan zurfin iya shiga haske.

A ja fenti ne m chlamydomonas snow da kuma kore - filamentous algae, ruwan kasa - diatoms.

Dole ne in ce cewa snow algae mafi yawan lokaci ne a kwantar da hankula a jihar. Amma a cikin bazara, lokacin da sanyi bit weaker, akwai wani m girma na algae. Live, su ayan zama a kan tsohon snow sharan a crevices ko a cikin duwatsu. Fara inganta algae a thawed ruwa, wadda aka kafa a karkashin farko haske. A dare, a lokacin da zafin jiki da aka saukar, su ne daskararre da ruwa.

Snow algae za a iya samu a wurare da dama, a duniya, yafi a cikin yankunan duwatsu.

"Flowering" glaciers

A 1903, a kan Franz Josef Land aka lura "Bloom" na kankara, wanda aka sanya yiwu godiya ga ci gaban babbar mazauna na Chlamydomonas. A Rasha kankara algae da ake samu a Arewa Urals, da Caucasus, Tien Shan, Kamchatka, Siberia, Northern Urals, Novaya Zemlya da kuma wasu wuraren.

Yana tabbatar da cewa, flowering na dusar ƙanƙara da kankara - shi ne mai tartsatsi sabon abu. Yanzu akwai fiye da dari snow algae. Yana kore, blue-kore algae da diatoms da kuma kore-yellow, zinariya. A cikin Caucasus, sami wannan tsari a matsayin Murex.

Nazarin ya nuna cewa sama ta fi qasa hau cikin ƙasar tuddai, da kasa akwai jinsin abun da ke ciki na algae. Wannan shi ne saboda da cewa a cikin mafi wuya yanayi ya tsira kawai 'yan jinsin, don haka ya ce cikin barga.

Oddly isa, amma fairly m cigaban algae daukan wuri a cikin kankara na Antarctica da Arctic. A wadannan yankuna, mafi ɓullo da jinsunan diatoms. A lõkacin da suka yi kiwo cikin manyan yawa, sa'an nan stained a kankara ruwa da kuma wani ruwan kasa-rawaya ko ruwan kasa.

Algae rayuwa a halinda, samar da wani Bloom kankara a kan bãyan tẽkun, saboda taro haifuwa, da kuma a cikin dukan tududa ko tsinkaya, wanda ake niyyar baftisma cikin ruwa. Da farko, da suka ci gaba a kan kasa na kankara murfin, sa'an nan kuma tare da isowa na sanyi weather daskare. Lokacin bazara ya zo, da kankara thaws, kuma tare zo da surface da kuma algae tare da shi.

Duk da algae cewa rayuwa a cikin m sanyaya yanayi, da aka kira kriobionty. A low yanayin zafi ba kawai kankanin, da kuma kwayar algae amma, misali, kelp.

Algae a cikin m ruwa

Domin wasu dalilai, fiye da gishiri da ruwa, da ƙasa da rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a cikinsa zaune. Wannan ya shafi algae. Kawai da wasu daga cikinsu kawo babban gwargwado. Amma har a cikin wani sosai da mayar da hankali ruwa ake sanaki guda-celled kore iri. Wani lokaci wadannan algae halitta nuna kore ko ja "Bloom". A kasa gishiri ruwa ne, wani lokacin rufe gaba daya da su.

Musamman algae ne irin wannan cewa, a cikin wani sosai m ruwa, wani lokaci su kai ga m biochemical tafiyar matakai. Ga misali, da samuwar peloid.

Algae cewa rayuwa ba tare da ruwa

Aerophilic algae rayuwa a halinda, kai tsaye lamba tare da iska. Da hankula mazauninsu na irin jinsin ne surface na duwatsu, duwatsu, itace haushi.

Bisa ga digiri na danshi, sun kasu kashi biyu kungiyoyin: iska da kuma ruwa-iska. A rayuwa na algae ne sosai rarrabe kuma halin kwatsam kuma m canje-canje a cikin zafin jiki da kuma zafi. A lokacin da rana, wadannan algae ke da isasshen ƙarfi warmed up da kuma yawan zafin jiki saukad da muhimmanci a dare.

Irin wannan kwatsam canje-canje ne batun kawai aerophilic algae. Duk da haka, suna da kyau saba da irin wannan rayuwa. The most of mazauna lura a farfajiya na rigar kankara.

Dalilai na ci gaba algae

Babban abubuwan da zai shafi ci gaban da algae ne gaban danshi, haske, zazzabi, carbon, Organic da kuma ma'adinai da takin mai magani. Algae ne sosai na kowa a ko'ina cikin duniya, da za su iya a samu a cikin ruwa, a kan haushi bishiyoyi, a cikin ƙasa, kuma a kan bãyan tẽkun, a kan garun dutse gine-gine, da kuma ko da a cikin mafi bai dace wuraren for habitation.

Oddly isa, amma wasu nau'in haka saba da rayuwa a cikin matsananci yanayi da cewa kalaman jin dadi, kuma mai aiki irin.

Yana da wani kuskure to yi imani da cewa a cikin yanayi na high da sosai low yanayin zafi, babu rayuwa. Wannan shi ne cikakken ba gaskiya ba ne. Sai dai itace cewa a irin wannan yanayi shi ne al'ada live unicellular da kwayar algae. Su ne ba ko da yaushe a bayyane ga tsirara ido, amma da suka rayuwa a cikin zafi geysers, da kuma a kan kankara.

Ban sha'awa hujjojin kimiyya

Recent karatu a Kamchatka jagoranci masana kimiyyar zuwa quite m sakamakon. Da masu bincike ya makasudin: don gano maɓuɓɓugan ruwan zafi domin Mercury ciki. Asalinsu zaton ruwa daga wadannan kafofin ne gurbatacce.

A lokacin da gudanar da bincike an gano cewa daya kawai geyser m. Yana bayyana, duk da haka, da sauran wajen ban sha'awa facts. Masana kimiyyar halitta amincewa bayyana ganewa na ruwan zafi a cikin duhu kore filamentous algae. Zai ze, da kyau, abin da ke haka mamaki. An dade an san gaskiyar su zama a high yanayin zafi. Amma da yawan zafin jiki na gwajin ruwa geysers kai 98 digiri. Ko da yake a baya zaci da yawan zafin jiki iyaka na da mazauninsu a yankin na tamanin da bakwai digiri.

maimakon wani epilogue

Domin mu, da saba wuri na algae mazauninsu ne ruwa sarari. Amma, kamar yadda muka gani, wannan ba gaskiya ba ne. Daga cikin su da isasshen jinsunan da bunƙasa da kuma fita daga cikin ruwa. Bugu da ƙari, kamar yadda ya juya waje, da algae da mai fadi da zafin jiki da kewayon habitats fiye da kowane mai rai gabar. Sun iya ba kawai rayuwa, amma kuma ya mayar da a mafi tsananin yanayi, inda, a fili, kome mai rai ba zai iya zama. Kuma ga wasu jinsunan ne quite m da kuma dadi.