Alexandrinsky Theater: tarihi, photo, reviews

Daya daga cikin tsofaffin a Rasha, na farko Jihar Theater Alexandrinsky ko da yaushe na musamman sha'awa ga jama'a da kuma kusa da hankali na sukar. Don shi musamman account: shi ya dace da daraja na mallaka gidan wasan kwaikwayo, da alama shi tare da girmamawa tsaya ga fiye da 250 shekaru.

ƙarni

'yar Bitrus da Great sarautar Elizabeth alama ta wata karuwa da al'adu rayuwa a Rasha. A musamman, a lokacin da shi ya nuna da m girma na tabarrau na masana'antu, halitta mai yawa na masu zaman kansu sinimomi, za a kan yawon shakatawa nagartattu na waje 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, playwrights rubuta na farko plays a Rasha. Daya samun da bukatar da halittar Jihar wasan kwaikwayo a misali na wasu Turai manya. Kuma Agusta 30, 1756 Empress Elizabeth Petrovna bayar da umarni kafa na farko na sarki wasan kwaikwayo a Rasha. Saboda haka nan gaba Alexandrinka sami da hukuma matsayi.

Da farko Rasha wasan kwaikwayo ne ake kira, da aka yi amfani da su wakilci comedy da kuma bala'i. Dalili na nagartattu ne daga Yaroslavl: Fyodor Volkov, wanda ya zama darektan na nagartattu da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo Dimitiriyas, Volkov da Popov. Marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo da kuma wasan kwaikwayo darektan zama Aleksandr Petrovich Sumarokov, wanda yana dauke da m na Rasha wasan kwaikwayo. Dalili na sharhin kunshi Faransa kwaikwaiyo na Racine, Beaumarchais, Voltaire, Molière, kazalika da ayyukan da Rasha mawallafa: Fonvizin, Sumarokov, Lukin Knyazhnin. Babban girmamawa da aka sanya a staging comedies.

gina gine-gine

Wasan kwaikwayo dadin m shahararsa a St. Petersburg, amma dakin da ya yi, ya yi ta yawo a daban-daban shafukan, yana da muhimmanci ga sun kasance musamman ginin. Amma kawai bayan 76 shekaru bayan da aka kafa bayyana Alexandrinsky gidan wasan kwaikwayo, da adireshin wanda yanzu aka fi sani da duk wani wasan kwaikwayo-goers. A wurin asali shi ne wani katako, Gininsu, wanda suka bauta Italian nagartattu Kazassi. Amma daga baya da wasan kwaikwayo rushe, dakin da aka sayo a taskar, sa'an nan mugun lalace ta hanyar wuta a shekarar 1811, a kan matsalolin da shagala da yaki da Napoleon.

Amma duk da rashin kudade, a 1810 Carl Rossi Halicci aikin yanki na sake fasalin takardun kudin. Shi ne kawai a cikin 30s, a karkashin Nicholas I, tsanani kiwata tambaya na yi na wasan kwaikwayo. Carl Rossi zama shugaban tsari, ya dauki tawagar na gine-ginen, kuma Galberga Tkachev. A yi an kashe kudi mai yawa, da kuma aikin ya fara tafasa: ga tushe na ginin da aka ƙera a cikin ƙasa 5000 tara, amma kayan ado yi hukunci domin ya ceta. Maimakon haka, tagulla da kuma tagulla amfani da zanen da kuma itace sassaƙa.

A tsarin da aka gina a kawai 4 shekaru, da kuma Agusta 31, 1832 Alexandrinsky wasan kwaikwayo, wanda adireshin - Ostrovsky Square, 6, sami wani gini gina mafi girma m na zamaninmu. Carl Rossi jagoranci ba kawai ga yi, a karkashin jagorancin, ya} unshi a cikin rãyuwar aikin yanki da ciki ado na cikin dakin. Alexandrinsky wasan kwaikwayo, wanda a yau yana wani photo a wani album kowane yawon shakatawa da suka ziyarci St. Petersburg, shi ne wani gini na babban m.

Architecture da ciki zane

Alexandrinsky wasan kwaikwayo ya zama wani ɓangare na wani babban-sikelin raya birane ayyukan a Rasha. A gaban facade fuskantar Neva prospectus, an tsara yadda mai zurfi balconies na 10 ginshikan, wanda aka located a cikin ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi shahara quadriga Apollo. Bisa ga frieze cewa sahu ginin, located Laurel tutocin furanni da kuma Theatrical masks. A gefe facades aka yi wa ado porticoes na 8 ginshikan. A gini a Empire style ne mai real jauhari na St. Petersburg. Gefen titi kai ga wasan kwaikwayo a yanzu ake kira da sunan Rossi, shi da aka tsara da m na tsananin zamanin d dokokin. Its nisa ne daidai da tsawo na gine-gine da kuma ya karu tsawon daidai sau 10. Street da aka tsara a cikin irin wannan hanya kamar yadda ya jaddada ƙawa da girma daga cikin gine-gine da tsarin da image.

A ciki na sarki kawai zai iya gani a ja launi, amma masana'anta ba a isa yawa, kuma ta domin zai ƙwarai jinkirta bude. The m ya iya shawo kan m - a matsayin wasan kwaikwayo samu ta yanzu shahara blue upholstery. A zauren iya saukar game 1.770 mutane, da 107 kwalaye, stalls, gallery da kuma baranda, m zane ba shi da wani da ban mamaki acoustics.

mallaka lokaci

A daraja na matar Nicholas I, da gidan wasan kwaikwayo da aka mai suna a Alexandrinsky. Ya zama cibiyar mataki rai na Rasha. Ga samo asali Rasha wasan kwaikwayo hadisin, wanda daga baya zai kasance cikin daukaka na kasar. Alexandrinsky Theater bayan da aka gano goyon bayan da saba sharhin siyasa: shi halshen kagaggun comedy, kuma m plays. Amma daga baya repertoire zama mafi tsanani, a nan ne premieres Griboyedov comedy "Bone ya tabbata daga wit", "Sufeto" N. V. Gogolya, "hadiri" Ostrovsky. A cikin wasan kwaikwayo aiki a wannan lokaci na cikin mafi girma da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo: Davydov, Savina, Komissarzhevskaya, Svobodin, Strepetova da yawa wasu.

By karshen karni na 19th Alexandrinsky wasan kwaikwayo ke da ikon kamfanin, kuma ta wasanni a kan wani par tare da mafi kyau drama sinimomi a Turai.

Farkon karni na 20th aka alama ta rikicin, wanda zai iya ba nisantar Alexandrinsky Theater. A 1908, ya jagoranci 'yan wasan samun V. Meyerhold, wanda ya nẽmi don ƙirƙirar sabuwar repertoire, amma a lokaci guda a hankali tserar da data kasance al'ada. Ya babban musamman wasanni: "Don Giovanni", "dodo", "Storm", wanda suna Masterpieces na wani sabon wasan kwaikwayo makaranta.

Soviet zamanin

Bayan da Oktoba juyin juya halin a 1917, da gidan wasan kwaikwayo da aka zarge sunã tasbĩhi game da fadar mulki, sau ne m. A 1920 an sake masa suna Petrograd Academic Drama gidan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma ya fara rayayye sa wani sabon wasan kwaikwayo, "The Lower acan karkashin" da "Filistiyawa" Gorky wasa Merezhkovsky, Oscar Wilde, George Bernard Shaw, Alekseya Tolstogo kuma ko da Lunacharsky (Commissar of Education).

A kamfanin, ta hanyar kokarin da shugaba darektan Yuriya Yureva, kiyaye galaxy na tsohon Masters, shiga da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na sabon makaranta: Yakov Malyutin, Leonid Vivien, Elena Karjakin. A lokacin yakin duniya na II, da gidan wasan kwaikwayo da aka kwashe zuwa Novosibirsk, inda 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na ci gaba da wasa nuna. A shekarar 1944, kamfanin ya koma Birnin Leningrad.

A post-yaki da shekaru da suka biyo ba sauki al'ada a general kuma ga Alexandrinka ciki har da. Amma akwai har yanzu bayyana sanannun wasanni kamar "Rayuwa a launi" bisa Dovzhenko, "Nasara" na BN Chirskovu.

A Soviet lokacin aikin yi fice yan wasan kwaikwayo: V. Merkur'ev, A. Freundlich, V. Smirnov, N. Martinu, N. Cherkasov, VI Gorbachev da kuma m gudanarwa: L. Vivian G. Kozintsev, N. Akimov, G. Tovstonogov. A wasan kwaikwayo bai rasa ta munasaba, duk da akida matsaloli.

Back to kayan yau da kullum

A shekarar 1990 ya koma zuwa ga asalin sunan, da kuma duniya ta bayyana sake Alexandrinsky Theater. perestroika shekaru da aka ba shi ne ba da sauki, amma wasan kwaikwayo ne zai yiwu ba kawai su tsira, amma kuma ya ci gaba da nagartattu da wani musamman tarin kayan ado da props. Godiya ga kokarin Academician D. S. Lihacheva, a gane kasa taska zama Alexandrinsky Theater. St. Petersburg shi yiwuwa su yi tunanin ba tare da wannan al'adu ma'aikata. Shi ne wata alama ce da Rasha gidan wasan kwaikwayo, kamar yadda Mai girma da Mariinsky Theater.

yau

Alexandrinsky wasan kwaikwayo, wanda sake bitar kusan ko da yaushe aka rubuta a glowing sharuddan, kokarin ci gaba da iri a yau. Tun 2003, tsaye a kai na darektan Valery Fokin. Ƙoƙarin a Alexandrinsky Theater Festival da aka gudanar da wannan sunan. A karkashin shugabancin Fokine gudanar da wani babban maimaitawa na wasan kwaikwayo. Ya tabbatar da cewa wasan kwaikwayo shi ne na biyu scene, wanda ya sa gwaji wasanni. Yana da ma'aikata mafi kyau 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma gudanarwa. Wasan kwaikwayo gani da manufa a cikin tsare da hadisai na Rasha Theatrical makaranta, a cikin goyon bayan sabon yayi da kuma taimaka talanti.

Famous wasan kwaikwayo productions

A sharhin Alexandrinka ko da yaushe yana cikin mafi kyau daga cikin play, sa nan duk litattafansu: Chekhov, Gorky, Ostrovsky, Griboyedov. Yau, da wasanni na Alexandrinsky wasan kwaikwayo ne mafi kyau ayyukan playwrights: "Nora" Ibsen, "The Living gawar" by L. Tolstoy, "Aure" litattafan Gogol, "The Biyu" by Fyodor Dostoevsky. Kowane sanarwa ne da wani taron na duniya muhimmancin. Fokin ne sosai irin da sharhin siyasa, ya ce akwai iya zama wani mai haɗari productions. Ofishin Jakadancin Theater - farfaganda litattafansu, da kuma karshen yana da wani abu matsayi a cikin allon-tallan Alexandrinka.

A nagartattu na Alexandrinsky Theater

Alexandrinsky wasan kwaikwayo (St. Petersburg) ne da aka sani a ko'ina cikin duniya. Yau a cikin kamfanin aiki irin Tsohon soji na scene, kamar yadda N. Urgant, N. Martinu, V. Smirnov, E. Ziganshin, kazalika da talented matasa: S. Balakshin, E. Belov, Alexander Bolshakov, Alexander Frolov.