Aiki tare da titanium fari

Daya daga cikin iri biyu fari, da aka fi amfani da zamani a zanen - fari titanium. Su ne m, a wasu daga ta wasu rare iri na halaye - gubar da tutiya.

Bayan Fage: Gubar

A farin fenti amfani da artists tun lokacin da. Ko a ƙarni na farko BC, Roman tarihi Pliny bayyana aiwatar da samar da wani farar ƙasa gubar kwakwalwan kwamfuta da vinegar. Daga bisani, ta fasahar domin samar da fari gubar da aka ɓullo da a kowace babbar kasashen Turai. Suna amfani da ko'ina a zanen, iconography, domin fasaha da bukatun. Duk da haka, gubar - musamman mai guba abu. Lalacewar ta wurin fari gubar zuwa sana'a artists da magina, kazalika da matalauta, tsunduma a su samar, ba shi yiwuwa a lissafta.

tutiya

Akwai madadin dyes - hauren giwa fari, da aka yi da kasusuwa na 'yan raguna, da fari alli, eggshells kuma ko da lu'u-lu'u. Amma dukansu sun kasance ne musamman rare, da wuya zuwa tsirar da haka tsada. Saboda wannan, da artists ci gaba da amfani da guba gubar. More kowa iri - kaolin, antimony, sulfur, gubar da tin - shi ne har yanzu ba har zuwa samar da kundin na fari gubar.

Wannan ya ci gaba har 1780, a lokacin da biyu Faransa sunadarai Bernard Courtois da kuma Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau, fara neman kasa m fenti. Su zabi fadi a kan tutiya oxide, dangane da abin da ya samu fari dan kadan mai guba. Matsalar da ke cikin price. Tutiya oxide kasance daraja hudu sau mafi tsada fiye da gubar, don haka da yawa artists ya kasance da aminci ga tsohon kayan.

Titan

A ƙarshen XVIII karni Banasare William Gregor da Jamusanci Klaproth gano wani baya ba a sani ba karfe, wanda baya maye gurbin da gubar a cikin taro samar na fari. Amma kafin farkon XX karni titanium aka dauke m, ko da abin da ba su dace da karfe. Kawai a 1908, Turai chemists sun sãmi wani amfani a gare shi - titanium dioxide da aka yi amfani da a samar da wani sabon nau'in fari. Tun 1920, Turai da aka kaddamar taro samar da titanium dioxide pigments an kusan gama maye gurbinsu da wani gubar kasuwar. Kafin Rasha samu kawai bidi'a zuwa thirties na karshe karni. Saboda wannan al'amari, da masu bincike gudanar ya bambanta da na kwarai ayyukan da farkon karni na ashirin da zamba: m copyists ba la'akari da cewa Rasha avant-garde rubuta yafi amfani da fari gubar, titanium baya repressed.

Kwatanta daban-daban na fari

• Yawan guba. White gubar daban-daban sosai guba da kuma a halin yanzu amfani na musamman a art launuka. International Association of Labor Kariya haramta zanen ganuwar rai bariki da fari gubar. Maza-painters zuwa shekara goma sha takwas da haihuwa da kuma mata na kowane zamani da ake hana daga aiki tare da gubar. Dan kadan mai guba tutiya fari, matsayi babu barazana ga rayuwa, kuma titanium za a iya rubuta ba tare da wata cũta a kiwon lafiya.
• Shirin hana haske (boye iko). Tutiya oxide da magangara mafi ƙasƙanci shirin hana haske, sabõda haka sũ, an samu nasarar yi amfani da na gargajiya zanen glaze. Titanium fari glaze yi impractical domin su ɗaukar hoto ne yafi hakan (2.7). Amma su ne manufa domin mafi m zanen a la raw - wannan pigment ne da sama da sauran launuka.
• Ya dafa. Tutiya oxide da dan kadan warmer sautin titanium - sanyi.
• Resistance. Tutiya oxide, musamman a high tawada Layer kauri, ƙarshe rufe fasa. Tun titanium dioxide pigments cewa bai faru - daya daga cikin su jinsunan da karfi da cewa shi da ake amfani da zanen da kumbon sama jannati. White gubar ne ma sosai karfi - cewa su bashi tsare su da ayyukan tsohon Masters.

Sauran fasali na titanium dioxide pigments

A tsawon lokaci, aiki, rubuta titanium dioxide pigments, iya saya a bluish tint. A mai zanen da fari ya kamata a yi amfani da hankali. Suna ba da shawarar da za a gauraye da wasu sauran launuka: Azure, cobalt, cadmium. Lokacin da gauraye razbelivaniya sakamako na iya faruwa da su, da kuma samar da m m fili. Titanium fari nuna rawaya a kan lokaci. Titanium dioxide a lokacin da gauraye da kwayoyin pigments iya discolor kan lokaci. An ba da shawarar ya rufe aikin da yin amfani da titanium fari mai copal varnish - duhun makawa.

Saboda duk wadannan shortcomings a cikin tsakiyar karni na ashirin, artists sun ki yi amfani da titanium dioxide pigments. Su samar aka dakatar. Amma wasu Titanium White - acrylic, gouache ko tempera samar a wannan kudi. Sun samu nasarar ci gaba da za a yi amfani da yawa painters. Titanium White Oil ma dade cikin igiyar ruwa - su high sutura ikon, wadanda ba mai guba da kuma gwada da m mayar da su a kan shelves, da kuma a yau kowa zai iya, a yi, domin sanin ko su yi amfani da shi ne yarda da shi.