Abin da zazzabi resistant seedlings na tumatir a greenhouses, a bude ƙasa, a kan baranda, a karkashin murfin abu a wani greenhouse?

Popular al'ada ga namo na masu rani cottages ne tumatir. High da ake samu amfani da kayan lambu jure wahaloli da yawa lambu samun kusan duk wani yanayin zone. Tambayar farko da sabon shiga tomatovodov - shi ne mafi kyau duka, da canja yanayin zafi. The tambaya ne, abin da zazzabi resistant seedlings na tumatir, sauti a daban-daban bambancin, saboda wajibi ne a san da zazzabi yanayi na germination na tsaba, transplanting, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari nunarsa a yanayi daban-daban. Answers da ake bukata don zaɓar mafi kyau duka dace hanya na samun mai kyau girbi.

Birthplace da tarihi na shiri na tumatir

A gida kuma, a cikin tropics Kudancin Amirka, da kuma yanzu ke tsiro daji iri tumatir. Sanin wannan, za mu iya fili amsa ga wata tambaya, wato, yadda za su iya jure yanayin zafi misãlin tumatir seedlings. No. Frost a cikin iska, musamman a kan filaye na shuka ba tashi da mutuwa. A cikin Turai, shi ya fadi tare da wani haske hannun Columbus. Wannan shi ne yanayin a lokacin da muka san ainihin ranar - daya dubu ɗari huɗu da tasa'in da uku shekara. Raya for dafuwa dalilai shi ya fara ne kawai a tsakiyar karni na sha shida a cikin warmest kasashen Turai. Kuma da hasken hannun Italiya "zinariya apples", don haka ya kira a nan da 'ya'yan itatuwa na shuke-shuke sun "Pomo Doro" - gundarin fassara. Saboda haka Rasha - "tumatir". A amsar wannan tambaya, da yadda za su iya jure zafin jiki drop tumatir seedlings a Rasha ya fara mafadaci nemi a zamanin mulkin Catherine II, wata tawagar a karkashin jagorancin makiyayin EA Grachev da kafa Rasha agronomy A. Bolotov. Tare da haskensu hannunka m kayan lambu bayyana a cikin alluna na mutane a duk fadin kasar.

Botanical description

Tumatir - shi ne mai herbaceous shuka na nightshade. A gida na iya zama dogon lokaci. A kasashen da sauyin yanayi posurovee - shekara-shekara. Tushen tsarin - sanda tare da kuri'a na gefen rassan, an rufe tare da kuri'a na gashi. A waje mai tsanani ƙasa a kudancin yankunan, da tushen kai mita a tsawon. A greenhouses ana ci gaba zuwa talatin santimita. Tushen ana iya kafa a wani rabo daga tushe. Sami mai tushe aka kafa ko bukatar wani garter, da kuma yanayi na ci gaban: kullum sashe - indeterminate kuma, a akasin haka, determinant. Bar al'ada siffar, amma su launi canje-canje a ƙarƙashin rinjayar waje yanayi da kuma shuka matsayi. Flowers na biyu mata da maza da aka tattara a cikin Inflorescence " 'ya'yan tari." Fruit - fleshy da m berries, na daban-daban masu girma dabam da kuma siffofi. Color of cikakke 'ya'yan itace - daga zinariya zuwa launin ruwan kasa, da shunayya, dangane da iri-iri. Tumatir - kai pollinating shuka. Ya fara Bloom a kusa da hamsin hamsin, kwanaki bayan germination na tsaba da 'ya'yan itatuwa ko da bayan kwana sittin nunarsa. A wannan lokacin, wani kwatsam waje canje-canje, musamman zazzabi hawa da sauka iya zama cutarwa ga amfanin gona. Kuma a sa'an nan zai zama dole mu san abin da mafi ƙasƙanci da zazzabi resistant tumatir seedlings, kuma ba su da damar da shuka to kai ga matuƙa ta yanayin zafi - kasa biyar digiri. Yana zai mutu, kuma iskar zãfi sama da arba'in da uku digiri.

A zabi na irin tumatir

A al'amari na da zabi na iri a farkon matakai, za ka iya amfani da shawarwari na gogaggen lambu, amma ka sirri gwaninta ne mafi muhimmanci. A cikin wani hali, kana bukatar ka saya tsaba da dama iri iri tumatir. Don aiki a kan su germination a seedlings har girbi. Kaka aiki zai nuna wace irin tumatir rayu har zuwa tsammanin musamman a cikin lambu. A lokacin da zabar tsaba for tumatir greenhouses bude yanki ba tare da na farko tambaya ya zama m wadannan: abin da zazzabi resistant tumatir seedlings dasa a bude ƙasa? Ga shi wajibi ne don bayar da fifiko zuwa low-girma matasan iri da kyau resistant zuwa da zazzabi canje-canje na tushen tsarin. Kuma ba za a damu game da abin da m zazzabi resistant seedlings na tumatir, kai a cikin sabis da wadannan yanayin. Mafi zabi iri ripening, farkon da Medium farkon. Ciyayi a cikin wadannan kungiyoyin, bi da bi, ya wuce zuwa saba'in zuwa casa'in da ɗari kwanaki. Misali determinant iri: Dubok, dadi da kuma high-samar da gwaggwabar riba White cika, farkon da kuma uniform a size Agatha 'ya'yan itãce, resistant zuwa zafin jiki da kuma hargitsi da musamman tumatir dandano Sanka, ruwan hoda zaki Demidov, manufa domin tsare Ladies yatsunsu. The tambaya a matsayin abin da yawan zafin jiki resistant seedlings na tumatir a cikin greenhouse, idan an gina a kan da yawa, shi ne babu kasa mai muhimmanci a cikin hali na iri-iri na da zabi ga greenhouse. Ga shi ne zai yiwu ba, baicin indeterminalnym hybrids. Babban kara daban-daban na tumatir itace iya girma fiye da wani shekara. sa tsawo dorinar ruwa 1, misali, kusan hudu mita, da kuma kambi rufe wani yanki na hamsin murabba'in mita. A girbi ga shekara da rabi tons. Wannan shi ne mafi kyau iri-iri domin greenhouses, an rufe ba kawai a fim, wani zamani m roba kayan ga manoma, 'yan kasuwa. Major da kuma sa ya dace ga masana'antu sikelin. Ko a lokacin sanyi kakar manoman da suka zaba irin wannan, akwai wani damuwa game da tambaya da abin da dare da yawan zafin jiki resistant tumatir seedlings. Yana yana da babban jure ba zato zazzabi canje-canje, da kuma babban cututtuka da tumatir. Bugu da kari, na tsawon lokaci sufuri kada ku cũce su ta gabatar. A dandano mafi kyau greenhouse da sauri-maturing iri-iri, da yawa imani Pink Mikado. A ƙãra sugar abun ciki da ke sa 'ya'yan ɓangaren litattafan almara dadi da kuma m. Idan kana da wani babban fan of nasa girma tumatir, da kuma wani wuri domin namo da aka iyakance zuwa wani Apartment a wani gari high-Yunƙurin gini, to, yana da lokaci don gano abin da zazzabi resistant seedlings na tumatir a kan baranda. A wannan halin da ake ciki shi ne mafi alhẽri a zabi iri da kananan 'ya'yan itatuwa da kuma low-girma shrubs kamar ceri, Red Cascade, Red Pearl. Su duka - magoya na safe ko da yamma rãnã da jure dare setback zuwa goma sha biyu digiri.

Bukatun ga lighting da shayar da

Good lighting ga haske-m shuke-shuke - a zama dole yanayin. Ga tumatir seedlings rashin haske ne musamman m. Seedlings ci gaba talauci, da stalks an kõma, kuma sũ, raunanar. Manya da tumatir tare da karancin haske ne kusan a Bloom, kwai fall. A shuka ya jũya a cikin kore fi. Musamman mugun shafi da rashin rãnã tumatir kudancin iri akwai waɗanda ke suna girma a greenhouses da greenhouses. A rashin haske - shi ne dalilin da matalauta dandano halaye tumatir. Solanaceae girma ba tare da rãnã, zai iya zama mai guba. A greenhouses, babu halitta haske, da tsire-tsire ne mafi kusantar su samu lafiya fiye da wadanda girma a cikin bude filin. A wannan yanayin, ka tuna cewa for gona da greenhouses daban-daban ban ruwa gwamnatocin.

Don canja greenhouse shuke-shuke daga leaf mold, rage watering. A bude wuraren da shuka ya kamata a shayar a kai a kai, musamman a lokacin da 'ya'yan itatuwa suna kafa da kuma balagagge. The gona karkashin tushen dole ba bushe fitar da juya a cikin wani ɓawon burodi. Watering shi yawanci m tare da loosening. Zubowar ruwa ya kamata a tushen, ba da samun a cikin ganyayyaki, da tsire-tsire ba jure shi. Ruwa da kyau kafin amfani da su kare mafi lokacin da rana. Yana kada ta kasance sanyi - yana da wata tambaya game da abin da irin zafin jiki resistant seedlings na tumatir a bude filin. A zama dole danshi ga ƙasa zuwa 70% ga iska - 60%. Karuwan da danshi da kuma rashin zafi rage yawan amfanin ƙasa.

Bukatun zuwa ga ƙasa, da makwabta

A ƙasa ba saboda haka stringent kamar yadda ya haske da zafin rana. To, idan za ka iya fariya vysokoplodorodnym baki ƙasa a cikin lambu ko a cikin greenhouse. To dace haske loamy da yashi kasa na talakawan acidity. A wani sosai acidic ƙasa bukatar yin lemun tsami. Tumatur ba da shawarar dasa fiye da biyu a jere shekaru a wannan wuri. Bad ga girbi na tumatir, idan mai yawa na gina jiki a yankin domin sun girma da barkono, eggplant da sauran kayan lambu, da aka dauka daga ƙasa. Good magabata dauke albasa, dankali, kabeji, zucchini, cucumbers, pumpkins da karas. Solanaceous kayan lambu, dankali da kuma barkono ba su dace kamar yadda makwabta a cikin wurãren kwanciya, su tushen secretions hana ci gaban tumatir. Bugu da kari, cutar da kuma kwari da wannan, kara hadarin rauni. Kusa da tumatir suna da kyau dasa albasa, bishiyar asparagus, faski, calendula. Wadannan makwabta ne m da kuma kare da wadannan bala'i.

Yi tsaba for seedlings

Girma tumatir seedlings fara shirya iri. A mataki na farko - su rajistan shiga. Quality tsaba - cikakken fledged, a kashi biyar bisa dari Saline bayani da suka nutsar. Duk abin da ya zo up - komai ko na banza tsaba. A samfurori da aka wanke da kyau tare da sanyi Gudun ruwa da kuma a nutsa ga minti goma sha biyar a wani kashi daya bayani na potassium permanganate. Bayan disinfection sake wanke da ruwan sanyi da kuma riga a dukan dare sharkaf a cikin wani bayani na musamman micronutrients. Yana da kyau saya shirye-sanya tsarin domin bayani. Soaked tsaba for pipping baza a kan wani damp zane. A wannan lokacin, watakila har zuwa mako guda, da masana'anta kamata ko da yaushe a m. Da wuce haddi danshi, kazalika da bushewa, da wani mummunan sakamako a kan germination.

girma seedlings

Ƙasa ga germination na tsaba hatched m shirya a kan nasu. Ya kamata a sako-sako da kuma sauki, mai kyau iska da kuma danshi permeable. Za ka iya Mix ko'ina don matsawa da Turf ƙasa, yashi, humus da peat. Yana da muhimmanci cewa gona amfani da baya ba girma shuke-shuke na iyali Solanaceae. Maimakon yashi za a iya gauraye da sawdust ash t. E. kai da aka gyara abin da za ka iya samun. Domin watering substrate ma'adinai bayani ne shirya daga game da ashirin grams na superphosphate da kuma goma grams da urea ruwa da guga. Domin dasa da tsaba amfani ne tsawo, mafi katako dora akwakun, inda suka sa wani biyu daga hanzaki a kamar wata santimita baya, a wani lebur dogon tsagi a cikin shirye ƙasa zurfin daya da rabi santimita. Yayyafa a kan saman kasa da kuma na rufe ne da wani fim. Kwalaye sanya shi a cikin wani wurin dumi. A nan shi ne dole mu tambayi game da abin da irin zafin jiki resistant tumatir seedlings karkashin rufe kayan. Border zazzabi germination - goma darajõji; don bugun sama da tsari, za ka bukatar a kalla goma sha shida digiri. Bugu da ari, har 'yan ganye, rana zazzabi ya kamata a tsakanin ashirin da ashirin da hudu digiri, m kwana a yarda wa goma sha shida digiri. Dare - daga goma sha biyar zuwa goma sha bakwai digiri da wani da ãyã, in ba haka ba da girma tsaya a nan ba. Lokacin da tsaba germinate, suna canjawa wuri zuwa wani haske wuri. Idan akwai wani halitta, tambaya ta wucin gadi doosveschenie. Yana da muhimmanci wajen saka idanu da yawan zafin jiki na iska da kuma ƙasa, idan kome lafiya, rana film shoot. A dakin inda shirya seedlings, kana bukatar ka a aired, amma da daftarin kada ta kasance. Lokacin da sprouts bayyana a farko biyu ganye, suna zaune, sabõda for lambu - nutse a cikin kananan takarda ko roba kofuna tare da ramukan a kasa domin magudanun ruwa. Seedlings an zabi lafiya, tare da karfi da asalinsu. Don ta da kaikaice tushen ci gaban taproot undercut. Nutse har su a cikin shirye ƙasa, anã shayar da kuma kiyaye dumama zuwa ashirin digiri. Lokacin da ganye zai zama fiye da hudu, kwana goma kafin dasa a cikin wani m ƙasa, dare da rana zafin jiki an rage kamar wata digiri. Za ka iya sa da tukwane a kan titi, da kuma a cikin hotbeds da greenhouses cire saman taga for hardening shuke-shuke, da sharadin cewa za a yi ba dare frosts. Watau. Kamata ka ko da yaushe ka tuna abin da m zazzabi resistant seedlings na tumatir, da kuma tabbatar da cewa ta kasance ba m fiye da goma sha biyu digiri. Bayan quenching dasa seedlings lafiya batu, tare da thickened a tushe, mai tsabta, m tushe. A lokacin da girma, fãce ga haske da zafin rana, seedlings bukatar ciyar. Da farko kana bukatar ka yi kwana goma bayan transplanting a tukwane. To shirya Organic taki. Don wannan ne narkewa a cikin ruwa slurry a wani rabo daga daya zuwa hudu ko kaza taki a cikin rabo na daya zuwa goma sha biyar. Wannan ma ƙara ashirin grams na superphosphate da kuma kadan itace ash. Wajibi ne a kula da na yau da kullum jinkiri tsakanin dressings kamar makonni biyu.

seeding lokaci

A lokacin da ka shirya don matsawa da seedlings na tumatir a ƙasa, zuwa m wuri a cikin wani greenhouse ko a baranda, zabi cikin lokaci shuki tsaba. Kuma shi ya dogara da gida da sauyin yanayi da kuma zaba aji. Seedlings tsumburai al'ada iri za a iya girma a cikin hamsin - kwana saba'in, kuma domin tumatir Refayawa sharuddan karu zuwa casa'in da kwanaki. A cikin bude ƙasa a tsakiyar latitudes, misali, dauki fitar da seedlings a farkon lokacin rani. Domin greenhouse lokaci za a iya canja zuwa kyautatuwa da tambaya, abin da zazzabi resistant tumatir seedlings a cikin greenhouse. Kana bukatar ka yi la'akari da abin da type, abin da sutura - film ko polycarbonate. Domin balconies seedlings bukatar la'akari da inda ya bar baranda windows bude ko glazed, abin da rufi da ka yi amfani da. Idan baranda aka located a kudu maso gabashin gefe, da kuma ake samun karkasuwa roba taga, drop-kashe kwanakin ne kama da sharuddan da greenhouse, kuma domin ku ne ainihin amsar tambayar, abin da zazzabi resistant tumatir seedlings a cikin greenhouse.

Bukatun ga greenhouse yanayi

Somin-ta ~ saukowa lokaci, sabili da haka lokaci ya kamata a shirya greenhouse. Idan ka kira tattarã greenhouse film tsarin ba tare da dumama, da seedlings a cikinsa za a iya koma kawai a tsakiyar May, gaba daya kawar da yiwuwar dare sanyi a yankinka. Idan sauyin yanayi damar, a greenhouse ba tare da dumama fim da aka rufe a da dama yadudduka, da kuma amfani da karin takarda murfin kuma watering tare da dumi ruwa, shi ne zai yiwu shuka da seedlings a cikin kwanaki na arshe na watan Afrilu. A cikin fim greenhouses, inda a can ne dumama, da seedlings ana shuka daga goma zuwa goma sha biyar na watan Afrilu. Gaba daya rhetorical tambaya, abin da zazzabi resistant tumatir seedlings a cikin greenhouse polycarbonate, saboda da suka saba yi ga shekara-zagaye namo kayan lambu.

Yanzu, game da girman da ƙasar a ƙarƙashin da greenhouse. Seedlings Dwarf iri ana shuka a nesa na talatin santimita baya. Domin tsayi da ake bukata ba kasa da arba'in santimita shafin. A nisa tsakanin layuka na dasa fasahar, ya zama daga hamsin zuwa sittin santimita. Dasa shrubs mafi aggered - jeri biyu, jere jerawa, da dai sauransu A yankin game da rabi zuwa biyu murabba'in mita iya saukar da takwas zuwa goma sha biyu da daji tumatir ... Domin kasuwanci greenhouses polycarbonate bukatar biyar ko shida da gona wajen kadada na ƙasar. A wani greenhouse bukatar ƙarin lighting - yanzu tube-ko nuna rana ta haskoki nuna surface. Sana'a amfani da ko da talakawa iyali tsare a plywood. A cikin greenhouse ko a kan wani site ya zama tushen ruwa, mafi m - mai kyau ko borehole. Ambatar abin da zazzabi resistant tumatir seedlings da kuma shayar da su da ruwan sanyi da cewa shi ba zai iya zama, kana bukatar ka stock tankuna, inda ruwan settles kuma zai ji dimi a rana, ko da wani musamman na'urar. Kuma idan namo tumatir a cikin greenhouse a gare ku - ba kawai wani a cikin jerin kasa gwaje-gwajen, shi ne mafi kyau ga kula da ƙarin zafi Madogararsa wasu fiye da hasken rana.

Masu Greenhouses kafin kowane sabon dasa su tabbata dukan sassa na ganuwar da kuma rufin tsarin to rike Bleach, fesa shi, kuma ƙasa. An canza manya na sama, biyar na santimita na ƙasa a cikin greenhouses zuwa wani sabon ƙwayar, aka haƙa kuma an zuba shi tare da bayani na potassium permanganate bayan kowane girbi. Duk wadannan matakan zasu taimaka wajen hana cututtukan kayan lambu na yau da kullum. Gaba ɗaya, ana shirya hotunan hotunan hothouse a cikin nau'in rami, inda aka fara dasa mai zafi, kimanin talatin ko talatin da biyar, sannan kuma a shirye, don seedlings, cakuda mai gina jiki har zuwa goma sha biyar inimita sama. Kada ka manta game da m da kuma na yau da kullum airing na greenhouses. Tsarin gine-gine dole ne ya ƙunshi windows ba kawai a tarnaƙi ba, har ma a saman.

Tumatir daga gonar

Idan burin ku ba aikin kasuwancin tumatir ba ne, amma cikakke, mai dadi, ruwan tumatir mai dadi don abincin dare daga gadonku a kusa da gidan, sa'an nan kuma yanke shawara a fili tare da tambayar abin da zafin jiki na tumatir zai iya tsayayya a cikin ƙasa, kuma zai fara. Zabi mãkirci a gonar a ƙarƙashin gadaje, inda akwai haske mai yawa, wanda ke nufin zai zama dumi. A bara, ta hanyar, cucumbers sun yi girma sosai. A cikin kaka ku, kamar yadda ya kamata, kullun ya haƙa ya kawo shi cikin takin mai magani. Bayan hunturu da kuma kafin dasa shuki, sai dai duk abin da aka busa ƙaho kuma ya kara da takin mai magani nitrogen. A karshen watan Mayu, an tabbatar da yawan zazzabi. A rana daga ashirin da biyu zuwa ashirin da biyar digiri. Da dare yana da dumi, ba ya faru a ƙasa goma sha biyar plus. Za ku iya shuka. Ruwa daga rijiyar a cikin babban ganga a gonar yana warmed da rana a cikin rana a sama da digiri ashirin. Akwai abun da ruwa. Kuma babu "gwagwarmaya" don girbi, kawai idan kuna aiki tare da sha'awar, alheri da ƙaunar yanayi - kawai duk abin da zai fita.