Abin da DNA sabanin RNA?

The tambaya na da canja wurin da kwayoyin bayanai da kuma gina jiki biosynthesis yana da dogon sha'awar masana kimiyya. Kawai gudanar ya bude yawa asirin tare da fitowan na ilmin sanin kwayoyin halittu da kuma itatuwa aure. A wannan labarin, za mu duba a cikin fasali na wadannan aikin Tsarin, kazalika da bambanci tsakanin DNA daga RNA.

Mene ne nucleic acid

Idan kana farko da fuskantar wadannan acronyms, ya kamata ka san su Mabudi. DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid. Kowa ya sani cewa da ya rufe bayanai a kan salula ta genes. RNA - ribonucleic acid. Its main aiki ne ta samar da furotin. Yana da wani Organic abu, wanda yake shi ne tushen duk wata rayuwa. Duk da haka, wannan ba dukan bambanci. RNA daga DNA ne halin ba kawai sunayen da yankunan da amfani.

The abubuwa ake magana a kai a cikin wannan labarin, kira a matsayin nucleic acid. Mafi yawansu ba su a cikin makaman nukiliya matrix, inda suka fara samo. A tsawon lokaci, shi ya zama na fili da cewa su suna located in sassa daban daban na cell. Daban-daban na plastids, mitochondria da cytoplasm dauke da wadannan abubuwa. Amma da suka samu da sunan daga Latin kalmar "tsakiya", wanda fassara a matsayin "core".

Kamar yadda duk kwayoyin abubuwa, nucleic acid ne na halitta halitta biopolymers. Wadannan su ne manyan macromolecules yi sama da wata yawan cyclically maimaita wannan abubuwa - monomers. Alal misali, wani hadadden carbohydrate ne monosaccharide.

Structure monomers

Nucleotides kira maimaituwa tsarin abubuwa da RNA da DNA, wakilta uku bijiro da batun kafa sassa. Mene ne bambanci na RNA daga DNA? Biyu kawai aka gyara na monomers. Amma wannan alama kayyade bambanci tsakanin su, ba kawai a cikin tsari, a rayayyun kwayoyin halitta, sunã da wani daban-daban aikin nufi.

pentose carbohydrate

Da farko, da DNA daga RNA abun ciki na daban-daban -daban na carbohydrates. Simple sugars ne abubuwa tare da wani adadin carbon kashi a general dabara. A nucleic acid ne pentoses. carbon lambobi a cikin su shi ne biyar. Suna saboda haka ya kira pentoses.

Mene ne bambanci a nan, idan carbon lambar da kwayoyin dabara ne daidai da wannan? Yana da matukar sauki: a cikin tsarin kungiyar. Irin wannan abubuwa suna da guda abun da ke ciki da kuma kwayoyin dabara, da ciwon bambance-bambance a cikin tsari da kuma halayyar Properties ake magana a kai a cikin sunadarai na isomers.

Monosaccharide ribose - wani ɓangare na RNA. Wannan yanayin da aka hukunci ga sunayen wadannan biopolymers. Monosaccharide, wanda shi ne halayyar ga DNA, da ake kira deoxyribose.

nitrogenous sansanonin

La'akari da wani bambanci DNA din da RNA. Yana kuma rinjayar da kaddarorin kayan data. A tsarin da monomers na DNA ya hada da daya daga cikin hudu sharan na nitrogenous sansanonin: adenine, Bibyun, saitosin, taimain. Suna sanya shi a cikin daidai da wasu mulki.

Cikin jigidar halittar DNA, wadda ta ƙunshi biyu spirally Twisted sarkar, daura da tushe adenine ne ko da yaushe thymidylic da guanyl yayi dace cytidylic. Wannan mulki da aka kira da manufa na complementarity. Tsakanin adenine da kuma Bibyun ko da yaushe samar da biyu, da kuma tsakanin Bibyun da saitosin - uku hydrogen shaidu.

Quite daban-daban shi ne yanayin da ribonucleic acid. Maimakon taimain shi ne hada duka biyu asali nitrogen. Shi ne ake kira uracil. An ce, a kwatanta da DNA, RNA, ma karami, saboda shi kunshi guda helical kwayoyin.

Ba kamar DNA RNA: tebur

Babban siffofin wakiltar jinsin DNA din daga RNA wakilci a cikin kamanta tebur.

Kamar yadda ka gani, sabanin DNA daga RNA ne ba kawai da tsarin fasali, da tsarin kayyade daban-daban ayyuka da ake bukata da duk rayayyun kwayoyin halitta.

iri RNA

Kimiyya da aka sani iri uku ribonucleic acid. Transfer RNA kafa a kan DNA, sa'an nan motsa zuwa ga cytoplasm. A mafi karami daga wadannan kwayoyin ne a size. Su a haɗe amino acid, wanda suke gina jiki monomers, sa'an nan safarar su zuwa wurin taron macromolecules. A sarari tsarin da canja wurin RNA dimbin yawa kamar Clover ganye. A gaba irin na nucleic acid ayyuka kamar yadda mai watsa bayanai tsarin gaba da furotin daga cell nucleus din to musamman Tsarin. Waɗannan su ne ribosome. Wadannan qware da wasu gabbansa suna located a farfajiya na endoplasmic reticulum. A iri-iri na RNA cewa yin wannan aiki, aka kira bayani.

Akwai na uku kungiyar - a ribosomal RNA located a yankunan dacewa da wasu gabbansa. Su iya samar da zama dole na sarari tsari na kwayoyin lokacin da samuwar sunadaran. Amma a general, duk iri uku wadannan macromolecules hulɗa tare da juna ta hanyar yin wani guda aiki.

Kamance DNA da RNA

Mene ne bambanci na RNA daga DNA, mun kusan fitar da siffa. Duk da haka, tun da wadannan abubuwa suna hada a cikin daya kungiyar, kuma daga cikinsu akwai kowa siffofin. Babban daga cikinsu shi ne cewa su ne polynucleotides. Saboda haka, a cikin DNA ta shiga daga dama dubban miliyoyin monomers. RNA yayi fariya irin wannan adadin, shi ne kafa wa dubu goma nucleotides. Duk da haka, duk da monomers na nucleic acid da irin wannan general tsarin shirin, wanda damar su shiga a cikin tsari na gina jiki biosynthesis.

Ba kamar aikin DNA daga RNA

Bambanci tsakanin DNA da RNA halayyar siffofin da peculiarities na tsarin ba a iyakance. Alal misali, DNA iya denaturation, renaturation da kuma rage daraja. Its ainihi - ga unwinding na kwayoyin zuwa wani jihar da kuma mataimakin versa, idan zai yiwu. A lokacin da wadannan matakai, akwai halakar hydrogen shaidu.

Babban aiki shi ne don adana DNA, tsarinsa, watsa, kuma magana ta kayyade bayanai ne da za'ayi a cikin shakka daga haifuwa kwayoyin duk matakan da kungiyar. Wannan kwayoyin halitta ne ma iya ana rubuce. Jigon wannan sabon abu da yake a cikin RNA kwayoyin a kan tushen da DNA. Tushensa shi ne da manufa na complementarity. Cikin jigidar halittar DNA ne ma iya kai-maimaitawan ko kwafi. Wannan tsari yana da muhimmanci ga al'ada hanya na cell division, musamman mitosis lokacin da cell na biyu chromosome kafa biyu m kafa. RNA aiki ne mai muhimmanci ga masu rai, saboda ba tare da gina jiki kira, su zama shi ne ba zai yiwu ba.

DNA da RNA - nucleic acid hadaddun macromolecules an hada da nucleotides. Babban bambancin daga cikin wadannan abubuwa shi ne cewa su dauke da daban-daban na nitrogenous sansanonin da pentose carbohydrate da kayyade su daban-daban ayyuka a cikin sel masu rai.