Kodominirovanie - wannan shi ne wani sabon abu irin hulda tsakanin alleles

Don gane da abin da aka kodominirovanie a halittar jini, mu bincika da yiwu iri hulda tsakanin alleles. Bisa ga jarrabawa gametes tsarki samarwa Gregor Mendel, da samuwar gametes a shi kuskure kawai daya daga cikin biyu alleles na kowane iyaye kwayoyin da alhakin hali. Saboda haka, a al'ada diploid gamete kafa kafa na alleles. Bugu da ari, jimlar mamayar iya bayyana kanta a cikin hulda a lokacin da rinjaye kashe recessive, bai cika dominance da kodominirovanie.

bai cika dominance

A wannan yanayin da rinjaye allele ba gaba daya ya danne recessive, sakamakon shi ne wani sabon matsakaiciyar fasalin. Shahararren misali ne bai cika dominance furanni launi na wasu furanni kamar halittu. Misali akwai wani ja flower homozygous genotype (AA) (sarari line) da fari flower (aa), wannan m line. Lokacin da suka tsallaka bayyana furanni tare da m canza launi - misali kodominirovaniya. Su genotype Aa yana da tsari, amma kuma rinjaye da kuma recessive allele bayyana. By mararraba juya tsakanin - m launi.

Kodominirovanie

Wani irin gene magana - kodominirovanie. Wannan sabon abu ne mai kama da bai cika dominance, amma har yanzu yana daya manyan bambanci. Kodominirovanie - gene hulda a wanda gaban ãyõyi faruwa lokaci guda, amma ba su gauraya da ba samar da wani tsaka-tsaki fasalin.

Lokacin tsallaka da fari flower tare da ja petunias iya juya ja, ruwan hoda, da fari ko guda biyu-launi. Flower tare da ja da fari ratsi ne a sakamakon wani tsari kamar kodominirovanie. Shi ne ya fi kowa misali na irin wannan hulda.

Kodominirovanie halayyar sauran shuke-shuke.

Hulda nonallelic genes

An ce kawai allelic genes tambaya Concepts kamar da cikakken iko, bai cika dominance da kodominirovanie. Misalai da yawa gwaje-gwajen sun tabbatar da cewa a cikin hali na ba-allelic genes ake magana a sauran iri interactions - hadin gwiwa, epistasis, complementarity polymer. An misali ne polymer, maimakon bai cika dominance, shi ne rabon gādon da wani mutum ta launin fata.

Kodominirovanie a cikin mutane

Wani sauki amma daukan hankali misali kodominirovaniya - gādon jini kungiyoyin. Kamar yadda ka sani, akwai hudu jini kungiyoyin. Na farko da kungiyar G (I) da aka nuna a gaban biyu genotype homozygous recessive genes O. A na biyu kungiyar (II) na iya faruwa, kuma tare da genotype AB ko AA. A phenotype haka za kawai bayyana A rinjaye gene, wanda gaba daya ya danne a recessive gene. A irin wannan halin da ake ciki zai zama na uku jini kungiyar B (III), wanda aka kafa tare da genotype BB ko wani VO. Rinjaye gene a recessive gene cike Ya kuma bayyana kanta a sakamakon cikakken dominance. Amma abin da zai faru a lokacin da ketare tare da homozygous genotypes AA kuma BB? Kuma da gene A da B gene ne rinjaye, don haka babu wani daga cikinsu ba zai iya gaba daya kashe da sauran, kuma za su bayyana kansu. A wannan yanayin, tare da 100% yiwuwa so hudu jini kungiyar - AB riqe kodominirovanie. Wannan ya faru a mararraba heterozygous AO da BO, inda wani sakamakon mai yiwuwa ne:

P: AOhVO.

F1: AO (II), AB (IV), VO (III), PA (I).

Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa yaro ta jini kungiyar ba zai iya zama wannan jini kungiyar na iyaye. A misali ya nuna cewa kodominirovanie aka bayyana ba kawai a cikin launi na shuke-shuke.

Kodominorovanie da kuma maye gurbi

An sadãki cewa magana na biyu halaye - wannan ba ko da yaushe kodominirovanie. Wannan ya tabbatar da wani m kayyade alama kamar yadda mutane da wasu dabbobi - heterochromia (launi mismatch Iris). Heterochromia ne cikakke, ga misali, a lokacin da daya ruwan kasa ido da kuma daya blue, ko m, misali a lokacin da kore harsashi yana da wani m kashi. Heterochromia, duk da bayyana misalin da launi zane, wani misali ba kodominirovaniya da kuma ilimin kwayoyin hali maye gurbi. Take hakkin fata pigmentation - kuma kodominirovanie abin halittar jini ce. Kodominirovanie a cikin wannan harka gauraye da cutar.

Kodominirovanie ta farko dokar Mendel

Kodominirovaniya sabon abu da kuma bai cika dominance, a duban farko, bayar da shawarar cewa na farko da dokar na Mendel a kan uniformity na hybrids ba a yi. Gregor Mendel a gwaje-gwajen da aikatã game da Peas, wanda ba ya ayan wani kodominirovanie ko m dominance, kuma kawai cikakken dominance. A lokuta inda wani gauraye ãyã, ko da na lokaci daya nuni da ba zai yiwu ba, da wording kasance cikakken dama. Bayan kusan karni, a lõkacin da aka bincika da kuma kodominirovanie da bai cika dominance, na farko dokar da aka gyara da nuna cewa, na biyu ƙarni na hybrids bayyana, a kan tushen da m homozygotes ta tsallaka farko tsara hybrids tare da m ãyõyi. Yana bayyana rinjaye a cikin hali na cikakken dominance ko gauraye alamar - idan na bai cika dominance.

Za ka iya amfani da misali na gadon jini kungiyoyin zuwa don ya nuna daidai dace da na farko dokar Mendel:

P: AA BB ×.

F1: AB, AB, AB, AB.

A sakamakon tsallaka biyu Lines zai zama heterozygous tsarki misali, a cikin abin da wani gauraye phenotype bayyana ãyã, kamar yadda ya auku kodominirovanie. Wannan yayi dace da wani kyautatuwa.