Abin da ake karatu imin sautin harshe da kuma orthoepy? Abin da kuke bukatar mu koyi da imin sautin harshe?

Jawabin sauti, alamu na tattara abubuwa masu kyau sauti, sauti haduwa - shi ke nan cewa karatu imin sautin harshe. Wannan kimiyya ne wani reshe na mai girma da yawa na tarbiyya - harsuna, wanda ya duba harshen kamar yadda irin wannan.

Muhimmai daga imin sautin harshe

Don yin shi bayarda cewa karatu imin sautin harshe, isa su yi tunanin wata na'urar da wani harshe. Ciki da shi, a can ne wani muhimmin mahaɗi a tsakanin ciki na baka da kuma rubuta magana. Imin sautin harshe - wannan ne kimiyya da cewa nazarin tsarin. Muhimman batutuwa na ta ne orthoepy (pronunciation dokoki) da graphics (rubuce-rubuce).

Idan ka ƙara guda hoto harafin (harafin) da sauti, mun samu wani babban kayan aiki da mutum magana ba. Wannan shi ne daidai abin da karatu imin sautin harshe. Bugu da kari, shi ma ya duba kayan gefe na pronunciation, cewa shi ne, da kayayyakin amfani da mutum a cikin jawabin nasa. Wannan ake kira naúrar na pronunciation - a sa na gabobin dole ga sanarwa akan abinda. imin sautin harshe masana la'akari da Ft Irfan halaye na sauti, waxanda suke da muhimmanci ga al'ada sadarwa.

Ana zargin imin sautin harshe

Don gane da abin da karatu imin sautin harshe, ma bukatar ka dubi tarihin wannan kimiyya. A farko karatu a kan sauti tsarin na harshe, ya bayyana daga zamanin d Girkanci masana falsafa. Jawabin na'urar sha'awar Plato, Heraclitus, Democritus da Aristotle. Saboda haka VII karni BC. e. nahawu bayyana, da kuma tare da shi -fonetichesky bincike da kuma rabuwa na sauti a kan baƙaƙe da wasula. Shi ne kawai da preconditions na asalin kimiyyar zamani.

A lokacin da haske, Turai masana kimiyya na farko tambayi wata tambaya game da yanayin da samuwar sautuna. The kafa ka'idar Ft Irfan wasali play ya Jamus likita Kirista Krattsenshteyn. Gaskiyar cewa likitoci sun yi hidimar majagaba imin sautin harshe, da gaske m. Da karatu na jawabin sun physiological a yanayi. A musamman likitoci sha'awar a cikin yanayi na kurame-mutism.

A cikin XIX karni karatu imin sautin harshe riga duk duniya harsuna. Masana kimiyya sun ɓullo da wani kamanta-tarihi Hanyar karatu harsuna. Ya ya kwatanta harsuna daban daban da juna. Godiya ga wannan karin lafazi analysis kasa ya tabbatar da cewa daban-daban yaruka da kowa asalinsu. A harshen rarrabuwa na manyan kungiyoyin da iyalansu. Suna dogara ne a kan kamance ba kawai a imin sautin harshe, amma kuma a cikin nahawu, ƙamus, da sauransu. D.

Imin sautin harshe na Rasha harshen

Saboda haka abin da kuke bukatar mu koyi da imin sautin harshe? A tarihin ta ci gaba da nuna cewa ba tare da wannan horo ne da wuya a gane yanayin na kasa harshe. Alal misali, Rasha harshen imin sautin harshe da aka farko diddigin Mihailom Lomonosovym.

Ya kasance mai m masanin da kuma mafi musamman a cikin halitta kimiyya. Duk da haka, da Rasha harshen ne ko da yaushe sha'awar University daga ra'ayi na jama'a magana. The masanin kimiyya wani mashahuri orator. A 1755 da ya rubuta da "Rasha nahawu", wanda aka bincika karin lafazi tushe na kasa da harshe. A musamman, marubucin ya bayyana pronunciation na sauti da kuma yanayinsu. A cikin binciken, ya yi amfani da latest a lokacin Turai theories na harsuna.

IPA

A cikin XVIII karni, masana kimiyya na Old World gana da Sanskrit. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin India harsuna. Abin lura shi ne cewa wannan yare ne daya daga cikin tsofaffin na halin yanzu data kasance a cikin wayewar dan adam. Sanskrit yana da Indo-Turai asalinsu. Wannan ja hankalin masu Yammacin masu bincike.

Ba da da ewa, da taimakon karin lafazi da bincike, sun gano cewa, Indiya da kuma Turai harsuna da m kowa harshe. Saboda haka a duniya imin sautin harshe. Masu bincike sun kafa wata manufa: don ƙirƙirar guda haruffa, wanda zai yi shãfe haske da sauti na duk duniya ta harsuna. International kwafi rikodi tsarin da aka gabatar a cikin marigayi XIX karni. Yana wanzu kuma ake complemented yau. Tare da taimakon shi ne mai sauki kwatanta mafi m daga juna da kuma jũna harsuna.

forums imin sautin harshe

United karin lafazi kimiyya ne zuwa kashi da dama sassan. Dukan su suna karatu a daban-daban bangare na harshe. Alal misali, Janar imin sautin harshe bincika alamu da suke ba a cikin harsunansu na dukan al'ummai. Wadannan safiyo taimaka mana mu samu kowa maki na reference da asalinsu.

Siffatawa imin sautin harshe na kama da halin da kowane harshe. The abu na ta binciken ne sauti tsarin. Historical imin sautin harshe wajibi ne ga tracking ci gaba da kuma "girma" da wani harshe.

orthoepy

Daga imin sautin harshe ware fitar kimiyya orthoepy. Shi ne kunkuntar da'a. Abin da ake karatu imin sautin harshe da kuma orthoepy? Masana kimiyya kwarewa a sciences, binciko pronunciation na kalmomi. Amma idan imin sautin harshe da aka sadaukar domin dukan fannoni na sauti yanayin da magana, da orthoepy zama dole don ƙayyade hanyar da ta dace kalma play da sauransu. D.

Wadannan nazarin fara a matsayin tarihi. Harshe shi ne a cikin hanya mai rai kwayoyin. Yana tasowa tare da mutane. Tare da kowane sabon ƙarni, harshen samun kawar da maras so abubuwa, ciki har da pronunciation. Saboda haka archaisms an manta da kuma maye gurbinsu da sabuwar dokar. Wannan shi ne daidai abin da karatu imin sautin harshe, graphics, orthoepy.

sabawa norms

pronunciation norms a kowane harshe shigar a hanyoyi daban-daban. Alal misali, daidaituwa da Rasha harshen ya faru bayan Oktoba juyin juya halin. Akwai ba kawai sabon sabawa na kullum, amma kuma nahawu. A dukan XX karni Rasha, masana ilimin harsuna binciki sauran da suka ragu a baya.

Harshe a Rasha Empire ya sosai m. Orthoepic nagartacce a kowane yankin daban-daban daga juna. Wannan shi ne saboda wani babban yawan yaruka. Ko da a cikin Moscow akwai da kansa yare. Kafin juyin juya hali, ya aka dauke da kullum na Rasha harshen, amma bayan 'yan zamaninsu ya fashi canza a ƙarƙashin rinjayar lokaci.

Orthoepy binciko Concepts kamar irin murya da kuma lafazi. A mafi jawabai, da girma da alama cewa wata ƙungiya musamman zai yi nasu karin lafazi dokoki. Sun bambanta daga wallafe-wallafen Tutar nasu bambancin da samuwar nau'in phoneme. Irin wannan na musamman events an tattara, da kuma systematized da masana kimiyya, sa'an nan shigar da musamman sabawa kamus.

graphics

Wani muhimmin ga imin sautin harshe na horo ne da graphics. Haka kuma an kira rubuce. Tare da taimakon da kafa alamar tsarin gyarawa data, wanda wani mutum yana so ya kai ta hanyar harshe. Da farko, bil'adama kawai sadarwa ta hanyar magana, amma ta na da yawa drawbacks. Cif tsakanin wadannan shi ne rashin gyara tunaninsa ya haka da cewa za su iya tsira a kan wani jiki matsakaici (misali, takarda). Ana zargin rubuce-rubuce canza wannan halin da ake ciki.

Graphics duba duk al'amurran da wannan hadadden tsari na ãyõyi. Wannan nazarin kimiyya na imin sautin harshe tare da wannan da hankali da alaka da horo? A hade da haruffa da sautuna kunna mutãne don ƙirƙirar wani hadade tsarin na harshe, tare da abin da shi na Magana. Musayar na biyu muhimman sassa na shi (orthoepy da graphics), kõwace al'umma yana da kansa. Masana harshe nazarin su. kome ne mafi muhimmanci fiye da graphics da imin sautin harshe ga fahimtar harshen yanayi. Me karatu gwani daga cikin ra'ayi na biyu, waɗannan, tsarin? Su na ginin jumla raka'a su ne haruffa da sautuna. Yana da su - da babban abubuwa na nazari a cikin rabe-kimiyyar.