Abin da aka gyara na da shuka da kuma abin da ayyuka da suka yi?

A yanayi, da duniya kewaye da mu, akwai da yawa da shuke-shuke da yin sama da dukan mulkin. Masana kimiyya, botanists sun yi nuni da cewa su a cikin duniya, fiye da 350, dubu iri! Kuma idan kun ƙidãya har yanzu ba a sani ba zuwa ga kimiyya, ya gano a kowace shekara a sakamakon bincike, har ma fiye. Amma duk da irin jinsin da kuma waje bambancin, duk da kore mazaunan duniya da na kowa tsarin. Abin da aka gyara na da shuka? Amsar wannan tambaya za a iya samu ta hanyar kwatanta daban-daban da wakilan na nazarin sasannin da marine ciyayi.

Abin da aka gyara na da shuka?

Dauki wani herbaceous Flora, misali - Violet. Abin da aka gyara na da wata shuka na da irin wannan? Da fari dai, shi ne mai taushi da kara. Mutane da yawa ganye - annuals, watau, bayan asarar tsaba da shuka ya mutu (musamman kara kafe). Wani irin - shrubs, misali, sama da kare ya tashi. Maimakon kara daga irin shuke-shuke - da dama kututturan, waxanda suke da yawa wuya fiye da ciyawa. The uku irin shuke-shuke - itatuwa, kamar itacen oak. Ya na da m da kuma babban akwati (wani lokacin branched), an rufe shi da haushi. A duk sauran iri na shuke-shuke a cikin tsarin converge.

Me sassa na shuka da?

Mun lissafa su a cikin tsari:

• tushen;
• kara (ko gangar jikin, ko fiye da kututturan).
• bari.
• furanni.
• 'ya'yan.

Bari mu dubi mafi hankali zuwa cewa wasu sassa na shuka ne, a cikin mafi daki-daki.

tushen

Me ya sa na bukatar wani tushen ga kowane wakilin duniya ta Flora? Da fari dai, shi ne goyon bayan da aka yi amfani da shuka da za a kiyaye shi a cikin ƙasa. A na biyu, babu kasa muhimmin kashi - ikon. Ta hanyar tushen, da sha na gina jiki da kuma ruwa daga ƙasa. Tushen wasu shuke-shuke da suke zaune har zuwa shekaru 500 ko fiye. Shrubs - to 20. A herbaceous shuke-shuke - da yawa annuals, amma wasu har zuwa 15-20 shekaru.

Me sassa na shuka da? A farko da aka kafe. Suna zaune a cikin ƙasa kuma taimaka jiki don girma, ciyar da shi, tsotsa ma'adanai daga ƙasa. Tushen dauke da dubban mikrovoloskov. Tushen wasu shuke-shuke suna da wani nau'i na sanda (sanda). Wannan shi ne babban tushen daga wanda shi sa'an nan reshe kashe kananan. Wani lokaci sai ya haƙa a cikin ƙasa domin dubun mita a search na ruwa da kuma na gina jiki. Akwai su da yawa wasu wakilan mulkin daidai Tushen, wanda ya samar da puchkovatuyu tushen tsarin (misali, da yawa ganye).

Ba duk tushen ne a cikin ƙasa. Wasu wurare masu zafi jinsunan (misali orchids) da suka rataya a iska kai tsaye sha danshi. A aiwi dora ta m Tushen to itatuwa ko katangu.

A kara / akwati

Babban ɓangare na shuka - da zangarniya (daga ganye) ko gangar jikin (itatuwa). Ya kamata a lura da cewa ganga yana da wani wajen] imbin bambancin, amma suna da irin wannan ayyuka da kuma halaye. A mafi girma shuke-shuke ne mai dogon shoot. Daya daga cikin babban ayyuka - goyon bayan. Yana located rassan, ganye, buds, furanni. Har ila yau, gangar jikin ko kara ayyukan matsayin a haɗa kashi tsakanin ganye da kuma tushen, ta ayyuka, don haka - aike. Daga rhizomes da ruwa a cikin akwati na ma'adanai da dama zuwa kambi, inda da tsari na photosynthesis.

Kuma da tushe na wasu shuke-shuke (cacti) wasa da muhimmancin ajiye gina jiki ajiya, da kuma lokacin da yana da lokaci zuwa m, da shuka fara ciyar da su. A creepers kara iya kai tushen a cikin ƙasa, a wuraren nodes kafa adventitious tushen, game da shi wurin gudanar da haifuwa da kuma rarraba aiki. Fis shuka clinging kara dora wa da goyon bayan ta wajen wani gashin baki, samar da mafi dorewa wuri.

Ganye / Krone / needles

Wani sunan ga sassa na shuka - bar. Sun yi wani iri-iri na ayyuka. Bar alhakin photosynthesis kuma itace abinci mai gina jiki a cikin haske, da zazzabi iko (danshin zafi) da kuma girma. A cikin fall shi resets itacen foliage, da samun tare da shi daga abubuwa masu cutarwa. Kuma da ganye ne na bayar da muhimmanci ga aiwatar da rai na sauran mazaunan duniya Duniya: shuke-shuke, kwayoyin, dabbobi, da kuma fungi, hidima su abinci wadata.

A kan aiwatar da juyin halitta a wasu shuka bar mutate, zama ƙaya, ko, a maimakon haka, ya zama mafi fleshy. Kuma ganyen wasu shuke-shuke iya ko kama da nike kananan kwari.

Flowers / 'ya'yan itãcen marmari / tsaba

A gaskiya, wannan shuka haifuwa gabobin. Suna iya samun daban-daban tsarin dangane da nau'in, amma ayyuka ne na kowa. Flowers da ake bukata domin samuwar tsaba da 'ya'yan itatuwa (da lambar kuma bayyanar ne ma daban-daban). Kuma domin daga furanni kafa 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, pollination zama dole. Kwari na daban-daban irin (as kyau - wasu tsuntsaye) yi wani kyakkyawan aiki tare da wannan aiki. Su suna janyo hankalin da ƙanshi da kuma launi na Nectar da pollen. Wasu shuke-shuke suna pollinated by iska, da kuma wasu artificially - mutane. Kuma daga pollinated furanni sun samar da 'ya'yan itatuwa da tsaba don tabbatar da ci gaba da jinsunan.