A tsarin da ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma su kungiyar

A tsarin da cutar ne a ba-salon salula, kamar yadda ba su da wani wasu gabbansa. A takaice, shi ne tsaka-tsakin mataki tsakanin matattu da masu rai al'amari. Ƙwayoyin cuta da aka gano Rasha halitta DI Ivanovo a 1892 a kan aiwatar da bita taba mosaic cutar. Duk tsarin da ƙwayoyin cuta - RNA ko DNA da aka kewaye a cikin wani gina jiki harsashi kira wani capsid. Kira virion kafa dauke da kwayar cutar barbashi.

Mura ƙwayoyin cuta ko herpes da wani ƙarin lipoprotein ambulan, wanda ya taso daga cytoplasmic membrane na rundunar Kwayoyin. Ƙwayoyin cuta suna subdivided cikin DNA-RNA dauke da ko-dauke, saboda za su iya samun daya kawai irin nucleic acid. Duk da haka, yawan adadin ƙwayoyin cuta - shi ne wani RNA-dauke. Su kwayoyin ne guda-stranded da biyu-stranded. A ciki tsarin ƙwayoyin cuta kyale su su ninka kawai a cikin sel wasu kwayoyin, kuma bã kõme ba. Ba su nuna wani extracellular aiki. Girma dabam yadu rarraba ƙwayoyin cuta - daga 20 zuwa 300 nm a diamita.

A tsarin da ƙwayoyin cuta bacteriophages

Ƙwayoyin cuta da cewa harba kwayoyin ciki, kira bacteriophages (phages). Sun iya shiga cikin kwayan cell , kuma ya halaka shi.

A jikin wani bacteriophage na E. coli yana da wani shugaban daga wanda wani m sanda, a nannade cover contractile gina jiki. A karshen wannan sanda ne muhimmi farantin karfe a wadda 6 strands kulla. Ciki da shugaban ne a jigidar halittar DNA. Ta hanyar musamman matakai bacteriophage virus ne a haɗe zuwa jikin kwayoyin Escherichia coli. Amfani da musamman enzyme, da phage dissolves cell bango da ya ratsa zuciya. Next, da sanda daga tashar ta rage da shugaban jetted jigidar halittar DNA, da kuma a cikin mintina 15 bacteriophage kaucewa a bar su su tsaya ma dogon metabolism na kwayoyin cuta Kwayoyin a kan ya so hanya. Kwayoyin da aka ba haduwa da DNA - shi ne yanzu synthesizes nucleic acid da cutar. Duk wannan da aka kammala da cewa akwai wasu mutane da 200-1000 phages da kwayoyin da salula da aka hallaka. All bacteriophages kasu kashi virulent da temperate. A karshen kada yin kwafi a sel kwayoyin da virulent form tsara a cikin mutane riga kamu yankin.

kwayar cututtuka

A tsarin da cutar da kuma rayuwar sa da cewa ba za su iya zama kawai a cikin sel wasu kwayoyin. Ya magance a cikin wani cell, da cutar zai iya sa tsanani da rashin lafiya. Su sukan yi wa harin na noma shuke-shuke da dabbobi. Wadannan cututtuka da cika fuska rage da takin gargajiya na amfanin gona da kuma ne dalilin da yawa mutuwar dabbobi.

Akwai ƙwayoyin cuta da za su iya haifar da cututtuka daban-daban a cikin mutane. Kowane mutum ne saba da irin wannan cututtuka kamar smallpox, herpes, mura, da cutar shan inna, mumps, kyanda, jaundice da AIDS. Su duk tashi daga ƙwayoyin cuta. A tsarin da smallpox cutar ba sosai daban-daban daga cikin tsarin da herpes cutar, kamar yadda suka kasance a cikin wannan kungiyar - herpes Virus, wanda ya hada da ko da wasu irin ƙwayoyin cuta. A zamaninmu, rayayye yada adam immunodeficiency cutar (HIV). Yadda za a shawo kan shi, yayin da babu wanda ya san.