A totalitarian jihar - wani wasiyya karni na ashirin da

Tarihi, cewa karni na ashirin karni ba kawai na m kimiyya da masana'antu fadada, amma kuma fitowan da kuma kafa siyasa gwamnatocin. Saboda haka, a cikin wannan sabon karni da aka haife kuma har yanzu ana tattauna sabon abu - a totalitarian jihar.

A tarihin fitowan da kuma ci gaban

Farko na totalitarian al'ummu da kuma, kamar yadda wani sakamako, jihar fara magana a cikin twenties na XX karni. Kuma a cikin wannan harka, wanda ya kafa wannan sabon abu ne a dauke su Benito Mussolini (bisa ga sauran kafofin J .. Al'ummai), amma totalitarian asalin karya yawa da zurfi. A ra'ayin na da irin wannan al'umma, da rarrabe siffofin za a iya gano ko a cikin ayyukan Plato kuma daga baya masana falsafa - Campanella, Marx, kuma ko da JJ Rousseau. Amma don ta zama gaskiya, sun kasance ne kawai iya a farko uku karni na ashirin da.

A Turai, kawai yaki ƙare. Sharuddan zaman lafiya yarjejeniyarsu sun kasance haka ma'ana ga kasashen da suka rasa shi, da cewa ga alama ba su fita daga rikici mai zurfi, aggravated more kuma babban mawuyacin. A kan bango na matalauta mutane duk ra'ayin sau da yawa taso cewa kawai jimlar karkashi na jihar a duk duniyoyin na rayuwar al'umma da za ta sami hanyar fita daga cikin rinjaye yanayi. Ginen ne gaskiya cewa dauke view na jihar kunshi kawai a kasashen da aka zamar masa dole ya biya reparations. Saboda haka, wa'yannan halaye ake generated a Jamus, Italiya, Tarayyar Soviet. The asalin totalitarianism a wadannan kasashe bambanta: wani wuri farkisanci akida, inda a kwaminisanci - amma sakamakon ne daya "jiha - shi ke nan." Kuma da asali Concepts da ka'idodinta mataki ne guda. Kamar yadda za a nuna a kasa.

A ra'ayi da kuma siffofin da wani totalitarian jihar

Da yake jawabi na totalitarianism matsayin zamantakewa da siyasa sabon abu na kasar, cikin sanarwar ne ko da yaushe gaskiya ne cewa da wani mutum a cikin irin wannan jiha alama qananan adadi. Don gaba da bukatun jihar na'ura kuma da shugabanninta, wanda yake shi ne m bisa manufa, saboda An dauke a cikin sunan kanta - "duk for jihar." Amma don gane da abin da aka bayyana, shi ya kamata a yi la'akari da babban fasali na sabon abu a karkashin gudanar da bincike.

Ãyõyin a totalitarian jihar wakilta da wadannan halaye hankula kawai domin shi:

1. hanyar zuwa fitowan da kuma kafa suna da yaushe hade da tashin hankali. Wannan a fili ya nuna a cikin tarihi na Tarayyar Soviet, mafi covertly samu National Socialists.
2. kasancewar na siyasa kima yana qaryata gaba daya. A wannan yanayin da muke magana ne game da ban a shari'a matakin, duk sauran jam'iyyun fãce hukuncin.
3. Azancin haka daga baya alama gaba. A totalitarian jihar ƙaryata da manufa na rabuwa da iko da kuma yiwuwar sa hannu na mutane a hukumar kasar.
4. da yin amfani da tsõro a matsayin wani kayan aiki na jama'a rashin biyan bukata da danniya da kuma kawar da maras so jami'an gwamnatinsa.
5. kafa musamman dokar, wanda aka nufin rike ikon da ba da yanzu matsayi na istinbadi da karfi;
6. Yana yana da guda, da ake bukata domin duk akidu, karkata daga wanda azabtar a musamman tsanani laifuka.
7. halittar wani iko soja na'ura nufin duka waje, maƙiyi (a mafi yawan lokuta, shi ke har yanzu gudanar da yaƙe-yaƙe na ci), da kuma danniya da tarzoma da kuma tashin;
8. gagarumar rawar da shugaban na jam'iyyar, kuma ya fi magoya baya a cikin definition jihar na ci gaba hanyoyi.
9. "Ado" yanayin da tsarin shari'a, suna zamar masa dole ya dauki doka amma ba istinbadi mafita.

A totalitarian jihar kamar yadda irin wannan musanta yiwuwar cigaban dan Adam a matsayin mutum, wanda hakkoki da abubuwan da yanci ya suke da daraja. Wannan irin na siyasa gwamnatin za ta ko da yaushe dole biyaya da mutum tsarin aiki.

Ya zauna kawai a lura da cewa totalitarian jihar, kamar yadda tarihi ya nuna - shi ne ba mai yiwuwa wani zaɓi aiki na al'umma. Kuma alaka da wannan da'awar, na farko, cewa musu da rawar da mutum a matsayin dan kasa da kuma wani sosai aiki naúrar na al'umma iya kai ga kifar da gwamnatin dauke.