A karshe Rasha Tsarina Alexandra Romanova

Empress Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova ... Her hali a Rasha tarihi ne shubuha. A daya hannun, da abõki, matarsa, uwar, da kuma a kan sauran - gimbiya, tantama ba soma Rasha al'umma. A yawa na wasanin gwada ilimi da asirai dangantawa da Aleksandroy Fedorovnoy: ta jarrabawa da Sufi - a hannu daya kuma zurfin bangaskiya - da sauran. Masu bincike sanyã shi zuwa ta da alhakin ban tausayi rabo na na sarki gidan. Abin da wasanin gwada ilimi store Biography Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova? Mene ne ta rawa a cikin rabo na kasar? Mun amsa a cikin labarin.

yara

Aleksandra Fedorovna Romanova aka haife Yuni 7, 1872. Iyaye na nan gaba Rasha empress ya Grand Duke na Hesse-Darmstadt Ludwig da kuma Birtaniya Princess Alice. A yarinya ya jikar Sarauniya Victoria, kuma wannan dangantaka za ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a siffata da hali na Alexandra.
Cikakken sunan shi - Victoria Aliks Elena Louise Beatrice (a cikin girmamawa ta goggonninka da '). Bayan Alix (abin da ake kira 'yan qasar yarinya), a cikin Duke iyali da' ya'ya bakwai.

Alexander (Romanov ƙarshe) ta samu a na gargajiya Turanci da ilimi, shi ne ya taso a m hadisai da Victoria zamanin. Farjõjinsu ya ko'ina: a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum, abinci, tufafi. Ko da yara barci a kan sojojin 'bunks. Riga a wannan lokaci a cikin yarinya gano kan jin kunya, duk rayuwata ta zai yi yaƙi da na halitta tushevaniem a wani wanda ba a sani al'umma. A gida, Alix ba a sani: kaifin baki, yi murmushi, ta ya ji dadin wani, na biyu suna - "rãnã."

Amma yara da ba haka ba ne cloudless, da farko a sakamakon wani hatsari ya kashe wani ɗan'uwansa to diphtheria mutu ƙaramin 'yar'uwa Mae, da kuma Gimbiya Alice - uwar Alix. Wannan ya kai ga cewa wani shida, shekara daya yarinya a kan kanta, ya zama nisantar.

matasa

Bayan mahaifiyarta ta mutuwa, bisa ga mafi Alexandra, a kan shi rataye a duhu girgije, da kuma rufe duk rana yara. An aika zuwa Ingila don kakarta - mulki Sarauniya Victoria. Babu shakka, gwamnatin harkokin sata karshe duk lokacin, don haka da ilimi na yara da aka wakkala a cikin governess. Daga baya, riga Empress Alexandra ba zai manta da darussan da cewa samu a cikin matasa.

Margaret Jackson - ya sunan malamin da kuma ta malamin - gusa daga prudish Victoria kyawawan dabi'u, ta sanar da yarinya ga tunanin, don ya yi tunani, ta samar da kuma murya da ra'ayin. Gargajiya da ilimi bai samar da bunkasa, amma ta goma sha biyar nan gaba Empress Alexandra Romanova masani a siyasa, tarihi, daidai taka leda music, ya kuma san da dama kasashen waje harsuna.

Yana ya cikin matasa, a cikin shekaru goma sha biyu, Alix farko hadu da ita gaba miji Nikolai. Haka ya faru a bikin aure na 'yar'uwarta, da kuma Grand Duke Sergius. Bayan shekaru uku, bisa goron gayyatar da karshen, shi kuma ya zo Rasha. Nicholas yana biyayya yarinya.

Bikin aure Nikolai II

Iyaye Nicholas ba m game da ƙungiyar matasa - mafi m, a cikin su view, shi ne ya bikin aure tare da 'yar Faransa Count Louis-Philippe. Ga masoya fara biyar tsawon shekaru na rabuwa, amma wannan gaskiya har yanzu more daga gare su tare da koyi ga masu godiya ji.

Ba a abin da Nicholas ba ya so ya yarda da nufin mahaifinsa, ya ci gaba da nace a kan aure da masõyansa. A halin yanzu sarki Alexander III yana ba da hanya: ya ji gabatowa rashin lafiya, da kuma magajin ya zama wani ɓangare na. Amma a nan Alix samu bayan da sa kambi sunan Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova, aka gamu da babbar kalubale: shi ya dauki bar Orthodoxy da Lutheranism. Ta yi karatu da tushe na shekaru biyu, bayan da shi ne tuba zuwa ga Rasha da bangaskiya. Zan iya cewa, Alexander zo zuwa Orthodoxy tare da bude zuciya da kuma m tunani.

Sun bikin aure ya faru Nuwamba 27, 1894, ya, sake, za'ayi Ioann Kronshtadsky. Yana da ya faru a cikin asiri na Church na Winter Palace. Duk abin da ya faru a kan bango na makoki, bayan 3 days bayan Alix zarar ya mutu a Rasha, Alexander III (da yawa ya ce sa'an nan cewa "ta zo cikin akwatin gawa"). Alexander lura a cikin wata wasika ga 'yar'uwarsa mai daukan hankali bambanci tsakanin bakin ciki da kuma babban rabo mai girma - shi sõyayya da biyu more. Kome da kome, har ma da masu kiyayya da na sarki iyali, ya lura daga baya kungiyar ƙarfi ne, kuma Ya ɗaure a kan Alexandra da kuma Nicholas II.

Albarkar wani matasa biyu a kan jirgin (sa kambi) da aka gudanar a ranar May 27, 1896 at ɗauka cewa Cathedral of Moscow. Tun wannan lokacin Aliks- "rana" ya sami muƙamin na Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, Empress Romanov. Ta daga baya ya lura a cikin diary cewa shi ne na biyu bikin aure - tare da Rasha.

Sanya a kotu da kuma a cikin rayuwar siyasa

Daga farkon yini, ta sarautar da Empress Alexandra Feodorovna - wani goyon baya da tallafi ga mijinta a cikin m jihar al'amura.

A jama'a rayuwa, matasa mace kokarin taimaka wa mutane su sadaka, saboda shi ne tunawa a cikin shimfiɗar jariri daga iyaye. Abin baƙin ciki, a kotu ta ideas ba riƙi, haka ma, da Empress ƙi. A duk ta bada shawarwari da kuma ko da mimics da kotu ga falsity da unnaturalness. Amma a gaskiya su ne kawai saba idleness kuma ba ya so ya canja wani abu.

Hakika, kamar wani mace, da kuma matarsa, Alexandra Romanov na da wani sakamako a kan gwamnatin ayyukan mata.

Mutane da yawa shahararren 'yan siyasa na lokaci lura da cewa shi yana da mummunan tasiri a kan Nicholas. Wancan, da shi view, misali, S. Witte. A Janar A. Mosolov da kuma Sanata Gurko bayanin kula tare da nadãma da gazawar da ta Rasha al'umma. A karshen dora alhakin ba capricious yanayi da wasu nervousness halin yanzu empress da bazawara na Alexander III na, Mariyu Fedorovnu, har karshen kuma bai kai 'yar.

Duk da haka, batutuwa saurare ta, kuma ba fita daga tsõro, amma daga girmama. Eh, ta kasance m, amma kamar yadda ta kasance, da kuma game da kanta. Alix ya taba manta da buƙatun da kuma umarnin, kowane daga cikinsu da aka kyau-dauke da kuma daidaita. Gaske ƙaunace ta, waɗanda suke kusa da Empress, san shi ba yayatawa, da kuma warai sirri. Ga Sauran Empress zauna a "duhu doki" da kuma batun tsegumi.

Kasance sosai dumi sake dubawa game da Alexander. Saboda haka, yar rawa M. Kshesinskaya (af, ta kasance cikin farka daga Nicholas zuwa ga bikin aure na karshen da Alix) ya ambaci ta a matsayin mace na high dabi'u da kuma janar rai.

Yara: Grand Duchesses

Da farko Grand Duchess Olga aka haife shi a 1895. Mutane sun ƙi ga Empress girma ko fiye, domin kowa da kowa aka jiran yaron, wani mataimaki. Alexander, gano babu amsa da kuma goyon bayan su fitattu a batutuwa gaba daya delves cikin rayuwar iyali, shi ko da ciyarwar da 'yar nasu, ba tare da amfani da sabis na wani cewa ya ba hali har ma ga daraja iyalansu, ba sosai ga Empress.

Daga baya haife Tatiana, Maria da Anastasia. Nikolay Aleksandrovich da kuma Alexandra da yara a cikin sauki da kuma tsarki na ruhu. Yana an talakawa iyali, bã tãre da wani girman kai ba.

Kawo har da Sarauniyar kanta Aleksandra Romanova. The kawai togiya sun batun kunkuntar mayar da hankali. Da yawa da hankali ne ya biya zuwa wasanni waje wasanni, gaskiya. Tsohuwarsa mutumin wanda yarinya iya nema a kowane lokaci da kuma tare da wani request. Suka zauna a wani yanayi na soyayya da cikakken dõgara. Yana kasance cikakken farin ciki, m iyali.

Girls girma a cikin wani yanayi na farjõjinsu kuma ƙauna. Uwar kadai umurce su su biya don kare da ya wuce kima almubazzaranci da kuma kula da tawali'u da kuma farjinsu. Suna sosai da wuya halartar zaman jama'a events. Suka shiga jama'a da aka iyakance kawai ga bukatun na kotu Da'a. Alexandra Feodorovna, matar Nicholas 2, ji tsoro cewa spoiled 'yar tsada adversely shafi' yan mata.

Tare da aikin uwar Alexandra sun jimre brilliantly. The Grand Duchesses girma unusually m, m matasa Ladies. Duk a cikin iyali mulki m ruhu na Kirista kyakkyawa. An lura a cikin tsarin sautinsu da kuma Nicholas II, wanda kuma Aleksandra Romanova. Quotes kasa, kawai tabbatar da sama bayani:

"Our soyayya da kuma rayuwarmu - a dukkan ... Babu wani abu da zai iya raba mu ko rage mu soyayya" (Alexandra).

"A rare iyali farin ciki da Ubangiji ya sa mana albarka" (Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas II).

Haihuwar wani mataimaki

Abinda ya tashe-tashen cikin rayuwar aurensu, - da rashin wani mataimaki. A wannan lokaci, Aleksandra Romanova ya damu ƙwarai. A waɗannan kwanaki, ta zama sosai juyayi. A kokarin fahimtar dalilin da ya warware matsalar, da Empress fara samun shiga a cikin Sufi har ma fiye da hits a addini. Wannan da aka nuna a mijinta, Nicholas II, saboda kuma ba ya jin da shafi tunanin mutum baƙin ciki da mace ya ƙaunace.

Aka yanke shawarar jawo hankalin mafi kyau likitoci. Abin baƙin ciki, daga gare su fadi wani real maƙaryaci, Philippe. Isa daga Faransa, ya aka yi wahayi zuwa ga haka Empress tunani na ciki, da cewa ta gaske ya yi ĩmãni da abin da shi ne magajin. Alexandra Feodorovna ya ɓullo da wani sosai rare cuta - a "ƙarya ciki". Lokacin da ya bayyana da cewa ciki a Rasha sarauniya tsiro a ƙarƙashin rinjayar Psycho-wani tunanin gwamnati, na ya yi wani jami'in sanarwar cewa magaji zai zama. Philip ignominiously fitar daga kasar.

A kadan daga baya, Alix har yanzu bã ta yin ciki, kuma ya haifa 12 Agusta 1904 yaron - Tsesarevicha Alekseya. Amma ban samu cikin dogon-jiran farin ciki Aleksandra Romanova. Biography da ya ce an Empress ta rayuwa daga wannan aya a kan shi ya zama mai ban tausayi. Gaskiyar cewa yaron ya samu wani m cuta - hemophilia. Yana da wani hereditary cuta, wadda ana ɗauke da wata mace. Its ainihi shi ne cewa jini ba gudan jini. Wani mutum ya damu da wani m zafi da seizures. Mafi shahara mai ɗaukar hemophilia gene ya Koroleva Viktoriya, lakabi kaka Turai. Saboda wannan dalili, cutar ta samu irin wannan sunan: "Victoria cuta" da "sarauta cuta". A mafi kyau kula da magaji iya isa a kalla shekaru 30, a kan talakawan, da marasa lafiya da wuya shawo kan shekaru shãmaki daga shekaru 16.

Rasputin a cikin rãyuwar Empress

A wasu kafofin za ka iya samun bayanai da zai iya taimaka Tsarevich Alexei kawai mutum daya - Grigory Rasputin. Ko da yake cutar da ake gani kullum da kuma m, a can ne babba shaida cewa "mutumin Allah" da ya salla iya ostensibly ta dakatar da wahalhalu na m yaro. Me ya sa wannan - wuya a ce. Ya kamata a lura da cewa Crown Prince ta cuta ne a jihar m. Yana za a iya kammala, kamar yadda ya zuwa yanzu kamar yadda dogara da wannan uncouth baƙauye Tobolsk na sarki iyali.

A dangantakar Rasputin da Empress rubuta da yawa: wasu sifa to shi ne kawai da muhimmancin ceto na magaji, da sauran - wani al'amari tare da Aleksandroy Fedorovnoy. Recent qirqire ba ta da tushe - zina Empress sa'an nan jama'a ya m game da cin amana da Sarauniya Nicholas II da Gregory jita-jita. Bayan duk, ya gaya wa tsohon mutum game da shi, amma sai ya kasance kyakkyawa bugu, don haka ya iya sauƙi tãtsuniyoyi. A tsegumi ba bukatar da yawa domin haihuwa. A cewar kusa abõkan tarayya, ba ki jinin sarauta biyu, babban dalili na kusa dangantakar Rasputin da sarauta iyali da aka exceptionally hari Alexei hemophilia.

Da kuma yadda damu Nikolay Aleksandrovich zuwa jita-jita, denigrating bayyana sunan matarsa? Ya zaci duk wannan bai zama ba fiye da almarar da bai dace ba tsangwama a cikin sirri da iyali. Rasputin kansa a matsayin Sarkin sarakuna ya dauke "sauki Rasha mutum, sosai addini kuma masu aminci."

An sani ga abu daya: sarauta iyali yana da ga Gregory juyayi. Su ma suna cikin 'yan wanda gaske ta makoki bayan da an kashe wani tsohon mutum.

Romanova a lokacin yaki

A yakin duniya na farko ya tilasta Nicholas II don tashi daga St. Petersburg zuwa GHQ. A jihar kuma dauki kan kula da Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova. Shi yana biya na musamman da hankali ga Empress na sadaka. War, ana riskarsa kamar wani sirri bala'i: gaske baƙin ciki, tun da sojoji a gaban, suka yi makoki da matattu. Ta karanta wata addu'a a kan kowane sabon kabari na wani auku soja, kamar yadda idan ya kasance ta zumunta ne. Yana da hadari a ce da take "Mai Tsarki" Aleksandra Romanova ya riga ya samu lokacin da yake rayuwa. Wannan shi ne lokacin da Alix more a haɗe zuwa Orthodoxy.

Zai ze cewa jita-jita, sun poutihnut: kasar ke fama da yaki. Ba a duk, sun zama ma fi tashin hankali. Alal misali, an zargi na kamu da wani ra'ayi tare da spiritualism. Shi bai zama gaskiya, domin ko sa'an nan da Empress wani warai addini mutum, alhãli kuwa sunã kãfirai duk sauran-rãyuwar.

Sallah taimakawa kasar da aka ba iyakance a lokacin yaki. Tare da 'ya'yanta mata Alexandra ya ƙware da basira da ma'aikatan aikin jinya, sun fara aiki a asibitin, taimaka Surgeons (taimaka a gudanar), da za'ayi kowane irin kula da rauni. Kowace rana, a rabin da tara da safe ya fara da sabis tare da sauran nas tsabtace da Empress, bisa wata gabar jiki, da datti tufafi, bandaged da raunuka, ciki har da gangrenous. Yana da aka m zuwa wakilan da hakan nobility: suka tattara agaji ga gaban, ziyarci asibitoci, cibiyoyin lafiya bude. Amma babu wani daga cikinsu ya yi aiki a cikin aiki dakin, kamar yadda ya yi da Empress. Kuma duk wannan duk da cewa ta shan azaba da nasu kiwon lafiya da matsaloli da kuma rushe da juyayi ji da kuma m haihuwar.

Royal manyan gidãje aka tuba a cikin asibitoci, Alexandra da kaina kafa asibiti jiragen kasa da kuma magani warehouses. Ta yi wa'adi da cewa, muddin akwai yaki ba, ba ta kuma da Grand Duchesses ba dinka kaina guda dress. Kuma ya kasance har sai karshen gaskiya ne zuwa ga kalma.

A ruhaniya bangare na Aleksandry Romanovoy

Is ya warai addini Alexandra Romanova? Hotuna da hotuna na Empress, suke dashi, nuna ko da yaushe bakin ciki idanu na wannan mace, suka lanci wasu baƙin ciki. Ko a cikin matasa da shi tare da cikakken ƙaddamar da shi ya ɗauki Orthodox bangaskiya, bar Lutheranism, wanda aka kawo a sama a kan gaskiyar daga yara.

Rayuwa tunkaro sa shi kusa da Allah, ta sau da yawa retreats ga salla a lokacin da kokarin juna biyu da wani yãro, sai - a lokacin da ya sami fitar game da m rashin lafiya da ɗansa. Kuma a lokacin yaki, ta frantically yin addu'a ga sojoji, da rauni da kuma wadanda suka mutu ga mahaifarsa. Kowace rana a gaban hidimarsa a asibiti Alexandra sarrafa wasu lokaci don sallah. Domin wadannan dalilai, a cikin Tsar ta Palace ko da yana da wani musamman da salla dakin.

Duk da haka, ta sabis don Allah ya ba kawai m addu'a: Empress wãtsa a gaske manyan-sikelin sadaka. Ta ya shirya wani yara gida, reno gida, da yawa asibitoci. Ta samu lokaci domin ta bawa na girmamawa, batar da ikon tafiya: yi mata magana game da Allah, na ruhaniya jagora da kuma tallafawa kowace rana.

Alexandra ya taba nuna imaninsa a kan nuni, mafi yawa tafiya ta cikin kasar ta ziyarci majami'u da kuma asibitoci sun incognito. Ta iya sauƙi ci tare da taro na mũminai, saboda ta ayyuka sun halitta, shi ne daga cikin zuciya. Addini ya for Alexandra zama zalla sirri. Mutane da yawa daga cikin kotu kokarin samun sarauniya a cikin rubutu na munafurci, amma ba su iya ba.

Saboda haka ya mijinta, Nicholas II. Suna kaunar Allah da dukan zuciyarka, da kuma Rasha, ba tunanin wani rai waje na Rasha. Ba su bambanta tsakanin mutane waɗanda ba su zana wani layi tsakanin Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama da na kowa mutane. Mafi m, saboda haka, wata al'ada Guy Tobolsk, Grigoriy Rasputin, a cikin lokaci "kama" a cikin fadar iyali.

Kama, hijira kuma shahadar

Ƙare aiki Alexandra, ya yi shahada a cikin Ipatiev gidan inda da iyali na sarki aka fitar bayan da 1917 juyin juya halin. Ko da a cikin fuskar gabatowa mutuwa, karkashin muzzles na harbe-harben tawagar, ta sa alamar giciye.

"Rasha Golgotha" annabta da na sarki iyali fiye da sau daya, suka rayu tare da shi duk rayuwata, da sanin cewa duk abin da zai kawo karshen sosai mugun a gare su. Sun yi biyayya da nufin Allah, kuma haka ya ci sojojin na sharri. A sarauta biyu da aka binne shi kadai a 1998.