A kai harin bam na {asar Yugoslavia, (1999): haddasawa, sakamakon

NATO aiki a {asar Yugoslavia, a 1999, shi ne sakamako na shekarun da suka gabata na yakin basasa a cikin sararin Balkan Larabawa. Da zarar shi rushe guda gurguzu jihar, a yankin ya barke kafin daskararre kabilanci rikice-rikice. Daya daga cikin manyan kafofin da tashin hankali ya Kosovo. Wannan yankin ya kasance karkashin iko da Serbia, ko ya rayu a nan mafi yawa Albanians.

abubuwan da ake bukata

Mutual rashin jituwa tsakanin jama'ar kasashen biyu da aka ninkawa da hargitsi da rashin tsari a kasashen Bosnia da Croatia, kazalika da daban-daban addini. Serbs - Orthodox, Albanians - Musulmi. A kai harin bam na {asar Yugoslavia, ta fara a 1999 saboda kabilanci tsarkakewa, shirya da sirrin da sabis na kasar. Sun kasance sũ ne mai mayar da martani ga jawabin na Albanian awaren, wanda ya so ya yi Kosovo zaman kansu daga Belgrade, kuma hašawa da shi zuwa Albania.

Wannan yunkuri da aka kafa a shekarar 1996. A awaren Mun halitta da Kosovo Liberation Army. Its mayakan fara wani tsari hari a kan Yugoslav 'yan sanda da kuma sauran wakilan gwamnatin tsakiya a lardin. A kasashen duniya da zuga a lokacin da sojoji a mayar da martani ga hare-haren farmaki da dama Albanian kauyuka. Kashe fiye da mutane 80.

Rikici na Albanians da Serbs

Duk da mummunan duniya dauki, Yugoslav shugaban kasar Slobodan Milosevic ya ci gaba da kai wa m manufofin da awaren. A cikin watan Satumba 1998, wani ƙuduri da aka soma a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, wanda ake kira a kan dukkan jam'iyyun da rikici ya kwanta su makamai. A wannan lokacin, NATO na fãsi? Shirya kai hare-hare {asar Yugoslavia. A karkashin irin wannan wani biyu matsa Miloshevich tattara. The sojojin da aka janye daga m kauyuka. Suka kõma zuwa ga sansanonin. Bisa ga ƙa'ida, da tsaida wutar yaƙi aka sanya hannu Oktoba 15, 1998

Duk da haka, shi nan da nan ya bayyana cewa gaba shi ne ma mai zurfi da kuma karfi da cewa shi zai iya dakatar da bayyane, kuma takardu. Tsagaita wuta lokaci-lokaci gaji da damuwa da biyu Albanians da kuma {asar Yugoslavia. A Janairu 1999, akwai wani kisan kiyashin a kauyen Racak. Yugoslav 'yan sanda kashe fiye da mutane 40. Daga baya, hukumomin da'awar cewa wadanda Albanians aka kashe a yakin. Ko ta wani hanya, amma wannan taron shi ne karshe dalilin da shiri na aiki, wanda a cikin sa bom a {asar Yugoslavia, a 1999 shekara.

Abin da ya sa gwamnatin Amurka don fara wadannan hare-hare? Bisa ga ƙa'ida, NATO ta sãme a {asar Yugoslavia, don a tilasta wa kasar ta jagoranci ta dakatar da punitive siyasa kan Albanians. Amma kuma kamata a lura cewa yayin da m siyasa abin kunya ya barke a Amurka, saboda wanda shugaba Bill Clinton tsige da kuma barazana rashi na ofishin. A irin wannan yanayi, wani "kananan nasara yaki" zai zama mai cikakken rawar daji domin su batar da jama'a ra'ayi kan waje waje matsaloli.

kafin tiyata

A karshe tattaunawar zaman lafiya rushe a watan Maris. Bayan da aka kammala, da jefa bom na {asar Yugoslavia, a 1999 shekara. A cikin wadannan tattaunawar dauki bangare, da kuma Rasha, wanda jagorancin goyon Milosevic. Birtaniya da kuma Amurka sun gabatar da wani shiri ga halittar wani m cin gashin zuwa Kosovo. A wannan yanayin, nan gaba matsayi na Abuja ya kamata a ayyana bisa ga sakamakon kuri'u a 'yan shekaru. Yana da aka zaci cewa, har zuwa lokacin da ya a Kosovo za su zama NATO wanzar da zaman lafiya da karfi, da kuma dakarun na Yugoslav Interior ma'aikatar da sojojin bar yankin domin kauce wa ba dole ba tashin hankali. Albanians dauki wannan aikin.

Da shi shi ne na karshe damar cewa bom na {asar Yugoslavia, a 1999, duk wannan zai faru ba. Duk da haka, wakilan Belgrade a tattaunawar ki yarda da yanayin sa a gaba. Mafi yawansu ba su da ra'ayin bayyanar NATO da dakarun Kosovo. A lokaci guda, da Yugoslavs amince tare da sauran aikin. A tattaunawa rurrushe. A Maris 23, NATO yanke shawarar ya lokaci zuwa fara harin bom na {asar Yugoslavia, (1999). Kwanan wata na ƙarshe na aiki (daukarsa a Arewa Atlantic yarjejeniyar Organization) ya zamanto kawai a lokacin da Belgrade zai yarda da dukan aikin.

A tattaunawar a hankali bi a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. A Organization bai ba tafi-gaba da jefa bom. Haka kuma, nan da nan bayan da farkon gudanar a kwamitin sulhu ya dauki wata kuri'a a kan wanda samarwa don gane Amurka tsokana. Wannan ƙuduri aka goyon kawai ta Rasha, Koriya ta Arewa da kuma Namibia. Dukansu sa'an nan kuma a yanzu da rashin MDD izni ga NATO harin bom na {asar Yugoslavia, (1999), wasu masu bincike da kuma laymen aka dauke shaida cewa gwamnatin Amurka kuna aikin keta norms na dokar kasa da kasa.

NATO sojojin

M NATO harin bom na {asar Yugoslavia, a 1999 wani muhimmin bangare ne na soji "Allied Force". A karkashin harin na jiragen fadi dabarun farar hula da kuma soja hari, kasance a kan Serbian ƙasa. Wani lokaci sha wahala na zama yankunan, ciki har da a babban birnin kasar - Belgrade.

Tun lokacin da harin bom na {asar Yugoslavia, (1999), da sakamakon da photo wadda yada a duk faɗin duniya, aka kawance mataki a cikin su, kuma Amurka, halartar 13 sauran jihohi. Akwai aka yi amfani da wasu 1,200 jirgin sama. Baya daga jirgin sama, NATO shafa da kuma sojan ruwa sojojin - jirgin sama dako, hari submarines, Cruisers, su hallaka, frigates da kuma manyan amphibious jiragen ruwa. The aiki ya samu halartar mutane 60,000 NATO da sojojin.

78 kwana na ci gaba harin bom na {asar Yugoslavia, (1999). Photos of wadanda ke fama da Serbian birane suna yadu replicated a cikin latsa. A total kasar ta samu 35,000 sorties, NATO da jirgin sama, da kuma game da 23 dubu da makamai masu linzami da kuma bama-bamai da aka kika aika a ta ƙasar.

Fara na aiki

Maris 24, 1999, NATO jirgin sama ya fara da farko lokaci na kai harin bam na {asar Yugoslavia, (1999). da aiki ranar da aka amince a gaba majiɓinta. Da zarar Milosevic gwamnati ta ki janye dakarunta daga Kosovo, NATO jirgin sama da aka sa a kan jijjiga. A farko buga wani Yugoslav iska tsaro tsarin. Domin kwanaki uku ta gaba daya shanyayye. Tare da wannan samu Allied jirgin sama mika wuyansu da magabaci a cikin iska. Serbian jirage kusan bai bar su hangars, kawai 'yan sorties aka za'ayi domin lokacin da rikici.

A 27 ga watan Maris fara ta kai hare-hare kan farar hula da kuma soja kayayyakin more rayuwa, ciki har da a cikin manyan yawan cibiyoyin. Pristina, Belgrade, Uzice, Kragujevac, Podgorica - a nan shi ne jerin biranen da suka shafi na farko harin bom na {asar Yugoslavia. 1999 ga wani zagaye na zubar da jini a cikin Balkans. A farkon da aiki, shugaban kasar Rasha Boris Yeltsin a jama'a sanarwa bukaci Bill Clinton ya hana wannan yakin. Amma yawa karfi Sahaban tuna wani episode. A rãnar da jirage fara saka bom {asar Yugoslavia, da Rasha, firaministan kasar Yevgeny Primakov tashi a wani ziyarar aiki a kasar Amurka. Bayan koyo game da abin da ya faru a cikin Balkans, ya fãsi? Ya juya, ya jirgin a kan Atlantic, ya koma Moscow.

yaƙin neman zaɓe

A marigayi Maris, Bill Clinton gudanar da wani taron tare da NATO - shugabannin Jamus, Faransa, Birtaniya da kuma Italiya. Bayan wannan taron, soja buga sun karu. A sabon birni da aka bamai Cacak. A daidai wannan lokaci da Yugoslav musamman sojojin kama uku NATO sojoji (duk suka Amirkawa). Suna daga baya sake.

Afrilu 12 NATO jirgin sama F-15E ya jefa bam gada (ta hanyar da reluwe wuce). Duk da haka, a karkashin buga shi ne a jirgin kasa da ya kusa, kuma aka dauke fararen hula (a kan wannan rana a Serbia zuwa bikin Easter kuma da yawa mazauna sun tafi zauna tare da dangi a wasu birane). A sakamakon fadowa bawo kashe mutane 14. Shi ne kawai daya daga cikin m da kuma ban tausayi aukuwa na yaƙin neman zaɓe.

A kai harin bam na {asar Yugoslavia, (1999), a takaice, an directed zuwa wani fiye ko žasa da muhimmanci abubuwa. Tun Afrilu 22, shi da aka buga da hedkwatar kasar hukuncin Socialist Party of Serbia. Allied jirage bamai da Milosevic ta zama, wanda, duk da haka, a lokacin akwai ba. Afrilu 23 da aka hallaka da Belgrade talabijin tashar. Yana kashe mutane 16.

Salama bayyana ma saboda da amfani da tari da bama-bamai. Lokacin da bom fara a ranar 7 ga watan Mayu, Nis, an shirya cewa manufar tashi zai Airfield, wanda aka located a kan karkata birnin. Ga m dalilai, ganga ragargaza bude high a cikin iska, saboda abin da bawo tashi zuwa na zama yankunan, ciki har da asibitoci da kasuwanni. Kashe mutane 15. wani na kasa da kasa kunya tashi bayan da ya faru.

A wannan rana kai harin kuskure buga da ofishin jakadancin Sin a Belgrade. A aka azabtar da wannan hari mutane uku. A China fara zanga-American magana. Ofisoshin jakadanci a Beijing, ya sha wahala mai tsanani lalacewa. Kan bango na wadannan abubuwan a cikin babban birnin kasar Sin gaggawa taru wakilai na kasashen biyu su shirya da abin kunya. A sakamakon haka, gwamnatin {asar Amirka, ya amince ya biya fiye da $ 30 miliyan a diyya.

Strike a kan ofishin jakadancin da aka yi bisa ga kuskure. NATO suka shirya kai hare-hare a makwabtaka da ginin, wanda shi ne Yugoslav iko da makamai fitar da kaya. Bayan da ya faru, rayayye tattauna version cewa Amirkawa m kashe saboda gaskiyar cewa sun yi amfani da wani m taswirar Belgrade. NATO ƙaryata game da wadannan baki. Ba da da ewa bayan kammala ayyukan a cikin Balkans CIA kanar a lura da binciken game da ƙasa ga m jirgin sama, ya yi murabus, a kansa request. Irin wannan kurakurai da kuma mummunan yana cike da harin bom na {asar Yugoslavia, (1999). A Sanadin jikkata fararen hula daga baya dauke a cikin Hague kotun, inda wadanda ke fama da su yan'uwansa sun yi yawa lawsuits da Amurka.

Rasha Maris zuwa Pristina

Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wanzar da zaman lafiya da karfi a cikin Balkans a shekarun 1990s kuma wani Rasha kungiyar. Ta dauki bangare a cikin abubuwan da suka faru a {asar Yugoslavia, a karshe mataki na NATO aiki. Lokacin da Yuni 10, 1999, Slobodan Milosevic amince da janye dakarunta daga Kosovo, yadda ya kamata amince da shan kashi, da wuri na Serbian soja a yankin sun dauki samuwar na Arewa Atlantic Alliance.

Just a rana daga baya, a daren 11 ga watan zuwa 12 ga watan rana, da Rasha a hade bataliya na Airborne sojojin gudanar da wani aiki ya dauki iko da Pristina International Airport - babban birnin na yankin. Kafin paratroopers saita manufa don daukar wani kai cibiya kafin shi zai sa NATO ta soja. The aiki da aka samu nasarar kammala. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na sojojin kiyaye zaman lafiya da aka Major Yunus-bek Yevkurov - nan gaba shugaban Ingushetia.

asara

Bayan gudanar da aiki a Belgrade saita zuwa koka wanda entailed bombardment {asar Yugoslavia, (1999). kasar asarar sun gagarumin a cikin tattalin arzikin kasar. Serbian lissafin da aka magana game da $ 20 miliyan dubu. Muhimmanci farar hula kayayyakin da aka lalace. A karkashin bawo buga gadoji, mai matatun mai, manyan masana'antu da wuraren, ikon raka'a. Bayan haka, a lokacin zaman lafiya ba tare da wani aiki sun dubu 500, mutane a Serbia.

Tuni a farkon zamanin da aiki da shi ya zama sane da makawa jikkata fararen hula. Bisa ga lissafin {asar Yugoslavia, hukumomi a kasar kashe fiye da 1,700 fararen hula. 10 dubu mutane sun samu mummunan rauni, dubban more rasa gidajensu, da kuma miliyan Serbs bar ba tare da ruwa. A cikin sahu na Yugoslav dakarun kashe fiye da sojoji 500. A general, sun fada karkashin naushe tsananta Albanian awaren.

Serbian iska karfi yana shanyayye. NATO a ko'ina cikin aiki da aka gudanar total iska magabaci. Mafi yawa daga cikin Yugoslav jirgin sama da aka halakar da aka ba tukuna ƙasa (70 motoci). A NATO a lokacin yakin neman zabe, mutane biyu ne aka kashe. A da matukan jirgin da helikofta cewa ya fado a lokacin wani gwajin jirgin a kan Albania. Yugoslav iska tsaro harbe saukar biyu maƙiyi jirgin sama, yayin da su matukan jirgi fitad da aka daga baya tsince ma'aikatan ceto. Da ya rage na fadi jirgin sama a yau kiyaye a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya. A lokacin da a Belgrade amince za su yarda da, suka shigar da shan kashi, ya bayyana yanzu cewa yaki za a iya lashe idan muka yi amfani da kawai da jirgin sama da kuma kai harin bam dabarun.

muhalli samu

Kare Muhalli bala'i - shi ne wani tsanani sakamakon, wanda ke haifar a cikin harin bom na {asar Yugoslavia, (1999). Wadanda ke fama da aiki - ba haka ba ne kawai matattu bawo, amma kuma mutane da suka sha wahala daga guba cikin iska. Aircraft bamai aniya muhimmanci daga wani tattalin arziki da ra'ayi, petrochemical shuke-shuke. Bayan wannan an kai hari a cikin yanayi sun Panchevo m poisons. Yana da wani chlorine fili, hydrochloric acid, Alkali kuma kamar. D.

Mai daga lalace tankuna samu a cikin Danube, wanda ya haifar da guba da ƙasa ba kawai Serbia amma kuma duk kasashen da suka kasa rafi. Wani m ya da yin amfani da dakarun NATO harsasai da tsautsayi uranium. Daga baya, a cikin wurare na aikace-aikace da aka rubuta fashewa da hereditary cututtuka da kuma ciwon daji.

siyasa abubuwan

Tare da kowane wucewa rana da halin da ake ciki na {asar Yugoslavia, aka samun muni. A cikin wadannan yanayi, Slobodan Miloshevich amince ya dauko wani shiri, don warware rikicin, wanda aka samarwa da NATO kafin tashin bam din. Madogara na wadannan yarjejeniyoyi da aka karbo daga Yugoslav sojojinta daga Kosovo. Duk wannan lokaci, Amurka gefe nace. Wakilai daga cikin Alliance ya bayyana cewa, kawai bayan asasshe daga Belgrade don dakatar saka bom {asar Yugoslavia, (1999).

MDD Resolution # 1244, soma a ranar 10 ga Yuni, karshe karfafa sabon tsari a cikin yankin. Al'ummomin kasa da kasa ya jaddada cewa gane da mulkin {asar Yugoslavia. Kosovo ya rage wani ɓangare na jihar, ya samu m cin gashin. Albanian sojojin zuwa kwance ɗamarar yaƙi. A Kosovo, akwai na duniya wanzar da zaman lafiya da karfi, wanda ya saka idanu da arziki na jama'a domin da aminci.

Bisa ga yarjejeniyar, da Yugoslav sojojin tsallake daga Kosovo a ranar 20 ga watan Yuni. Edge, samun wani real gwamnati, sannu a hankali ya fara mai da bayan dogon yakin basasa. NATO furuci da aiki cikin nasara - da wannan manufa, kuma ya fara harin bom na {asar Yugoslavia, (1999). Ethnic tsarkakewa tsaya, ko da yake da juna ƙunci a tsakanin jama'ar kasashen biyu da aka kiyaye su. Fiye da wadannan shekaru, da Serbs fara bar en sun mayar Kosovo. A watan Fabrairu 2008, gefen jagorancin shelar samun 'yancin kai daga Serbia ({asar Yugoslavia, yana da shekaru da yawa kafin daga karshe ya bace daga taswirar Turai). Yau, da mulkin Kosovo gane 108 ƙasashe. Rasha, bisa ga al'ada mai danko da zanga-Serbian matsayi, ya ce gefen wani ɓangare na Serbia.