A cell sake zagayowar, rigakafi, cell ambulan

A zama na cell lokaci lokaci daga ranar da samuwar ta rarraba uwa cell zuwa da kansa rabo ko mutuwa ne ake kira da kalmar "cell sake zagayowar". A ta daban-daban daban-daban cell duration. Alal misali, muhimmi da hematopoietic sel da kananan hanji da kuma epidermis sami damar shiga cikin cell sake zagayowar bayan kowane 12-16 hours, suka sauri radiyo a adult kwayoyin. Short rayuwa hawan keke na sel na karshe game da minti 30, da suka faru a lokacin m crushing na qwai daga halittar dabba mai kafafuwa, echinoderms da sauran dabbobi. A manyan yawan nau'in a cell al'ada gwaji yanayi, cell sake zagayowar yana da wani gajeren lokacin kiranka na game da minti 20. A wani m adadin rayayye rarraba Kwayoyin tsawon lokaci tsakanin mitoses ne daga 10 zuwa 24 hours.

A manzilõli, da lokutan da cell sake zagayowar. Cell sake zagayowar dabbobi da shuke-shuke kunshi kwanuka biyu: Interphase (tsawon gina jiki kira da DNA) da kuma mitosis (cell division sake zagayowar). Interphase hada da dama lokaci:

1. G1-lokaci - a lokacin da girma, a lokacin da kira na sunadarai, RNA da sauran cell yayan.

2. S-lokaci - a cikin wannan tazara yakan faru Interphase na biyu kira na a jigidar halittar DNA daga cikin cell nuclei da kuma cire tallafin kwayuka wasu gabbansa (centrioles).

3. G2-lokaci - a lokacin a lokacin da akwai shiri domin mitosis.

A Kwayoyin cewa ba raba, G1-lokaci na iya zama ba ya nan, a cikin wannan lokaci, sunã a cikin wani kyaun lokaci (G0).

A tsari na cell division (mitosis) yana matakai biyu:

1. A rabo daga cikin cell tsakiya - mitosis.

2. A rabo daga cikin cell cytoplasm - cytokinesis.

Regulation na cell aiki. Change na cell sake zagayowar lokaci faruwa a lokacin da hulda da sunadarai - cyclins da cyclin-dogara kinases. Sel a G0 Phase iya shiga cikin wani madauki ƙarƙashin rinjayar daban-daban girma dalilai. Epidermal, kuma platelet-samu dalilai ne jijiya girma factor, ne a akai hulda da rabe kore kwayuka yi sigina tsarin da take kaiwa zuwa da kwafi na gene sunadaran. A daidai wannan kinases iya zama aiki ne kawai a cikin hulda da takamaiman cyclins, da abun ciki wanda ke kullum canja duk lokacin da sake zagayowar.

Rushewa daga cikin al'ada tsari na cell sake zagayowar kai ga samuwar m siffofin maruran. Domin samuwar m marurai da p53 gina jiki da alhakin: shi stimulates gina jiki kira na p21, wanda a nuna damuarn da CDK cyclin hadaddun, wanda babu makawa zai kai ga cell sake zagayowar kama a G1 da G2 lokaci. A cell tare lalace DNA ba ya zo a cikin S. A cikin lokaci na maye gurbi kai ga asarar ko canji na gina jiki p53 gene ba ya faruwa, kuma cell sake zagayowar kawancen shiga mitosis, bada Yunƙurin zuwa mutant Kwayoyin, wasu daga wanda aka kashe, da kuma sauran kashi manyan ga samuwar m maruran.

Cell-sulhu tsakani rigakafi. A dauki na rigakafi da tsarin da duk wani mai kara kuzari, ya kira wani rigakafi martani a wadda antibodies ba su da hannu da kuma hadadden sa sunadarai ba a jini (dace da tsarin), da ake kira da Kalmar "salula rigakafi". An directed yafi da kwayoyin tsira a phagocytes kuma da kwayoyin da cewa harba wasu Kwayoyin. Musamman shi ne tasiri da ƙwayoyin cuta, fungi, protozoa, kwayoyin, kuma da ƙari Kwayoyin. salula rigakafi da tsarin yana da muhimmanci sosai a tsoka kin amincewa.

Cell bango. The m cell bango, sanya waje da cytoplasmic membrane cewa ya yi aikin aminci, tsarin da kuma kai ayyuka - shi ne jikin tantanin. Amma duk da haka shi ne ake kira a cell bango, shi ne ba a cikin mafi yawan kwayoyin cuta, fungi, shuke-shuke, kuma archaea. Amma ga dabbobi, da kuma da yawa daga cikin sauki, ba su da wani cell bango.