Ƙasa gandun daji Rasha

Rasha ƙasa ne quite m. Shi ne mafi girma a jihar ta yanki. Its ƙasashe mika kusan goma sha kilomita dubu daga yamma zuwa gabas. A sauyin yanayi da kuma ƙasa a cikin kasar ne quite daban-daban. Sauyin yanayi - daga matsananci Arctic zuwa subtropical. Ƙasa, bi da bi - daga sanyi ake yin dusar ƙanƙara Arctic Hamada a arewa to m Semi-hamada a kudancin kasar.

steppe zone

Dangane da tsarin karba-karba da kuma yanayin damina da ƙasa, ƙasa cover an kafa wata daban-daban irin zane da kuma haihuwa.

Rasha ƙasa ne zuwa kashi da wadannan halitta yankunan :

• Arctic Hamada.
• tundra.
• gandun daji-tundra.
• taiga.
• broadleaf da kuma gauraye gandun daji .
• steppe.
• steppe.
• hamada.
• subtropics.

Mafi kyau duka yankunan ga m dalilai suna dauke su yankuna na gandun daji steppe, steppe da subtropics.

Steppe zone ne halin da sãɓãwar gandun daji da kuma steppe asashe. A wannan yanki akwai sod-podzol, fadama, m gandun daji ashed, gishiri licks da hankula baki kasa.

Forest gona da su samuwar

Gandun daji-steppe - wata halitta yanki dake tsakanin gandun daji da kuma steppe zone karba-karba. Steppe yankin lullube fadin Gabas Turai Bayyana kuma West Siberian Bayyana part, kazalika ta ƙasar da Kudancin Urals. Wasu gandun daji yankunan suna located a cikin Pannonian Bayyana.

Rasha gandun daji ƙasa kafa a cikin dogon aiwatar da ƙasa-forming sake zagayowar. An fara da samuwar na zone hade da tsawon ƙulli glacial lokaci. A Gabashin Turai da yammacin Siberia gandun daji yanki ne da kafa da kuma a cikin shugabanci daga gabas zuwa yamma ne zuwa kashi uku yankuna: Far East, Siberia da kuma Gabas.

gandun daji ƙasa Properties ne daban-daban a cikin abun da ke ciki da kuma asali, shi ne, bi da bi, da kayyade kiyaye m adam aiki da bayani dalla-dalla.

Forest-steppe - dabarun hanya na Rasha

A total yanki na wannan sashi shi ne game da 150 kadada miliyan, ko game da 7% na jimlar yanki na jihar. Yanayin damina da shafi shiyya hali na da hujjar abin da irin ƙasa a cikin gandun daji ta mamaye, dangane da ruwan sama, da zazzabi da kuma ciyayi murfin. Yanayin damina a cikin gandun daji canje-canje daga arewa zuwa kudu, halin da lardin bambance-bambance, wanda kayyade yadda gona steppe Rasha iya zama matuƙa, daban-daban a cikin irin zane da suitability. Gona da iri shigar a kan humus sararin sama. A gaban humus Layer kasa da ashirin santimita yana dauke da wata ãyã daga matalauta kasa. Fiye da arba'in - gona yana dauke dace da hali na aikin noma.

The most yanki na dace ƙasar dama a kan Rasha steppe. A kasa na yankin karkashin namo zuwa tamanin cikin dari. Saboda babban haihuwa da kuma humus Layer ciwon manyan rinjaye na amfanin gona suna girma. Domin babban bangare hatsi gandun daji ƙasa ne m. A wannan sashi, alkama, hatsin rai, masara, buckwheat. namo masana'antu albarkatun gona isasshe raya: sunflower, gwoza, oilseed fyade.

Formation da iri kasa a cikin gandun daji-steppe sashi na kasar nan

Forest ƙasa kafa a cikin yanayi na ci gaban da gandun daji da kuma natsuwa.

Ƙasa cover gandun daji zone kafa a lokacin lalace shuka sharan Bishiyoyi da ciyawa da itatuwa. Biomass katako yankuna da dama mafi filin agrocenoses, kuma ya kai daga 100 zuwa 500 ton a kowace kadada, dangane da itacen shekaru. A gandun daji sharan gandun daji gona a shekara samu daga 2 zuwa 30 ton a kowace kadada na bushe al'amarin hada da daga 50 zuwa 700 kilo a kowace kadada ash yayan. Dũkiya katako sharan nitrogen (50-85 kg / ha) da alli (70-95 kg / ha) kayyade samuwar yanayi mai kyau da samuwar na m kasa.

A arewacin sassa na gandun daji-steppe sashi daga cikin ƙasa cover aka bayyana mafi yawa m gandun daji ƙasar, leached da podzolized chernozems. A m gandun daji kasa da aka gudanar m aikin noma. 55% na yankin karkashin namo, amma a kan baki duniya - game da 40%.

By bottoms ravines, bim, depressions da hollows, bayar kusa ruwan karkashin kasa (1.2 mita), an kafa glei ƙasa humus da sod glei tsakiyan pratensis makiyaya da kuma shrubs. Suna amfani da hayfields da makiyaya.

A fili yankunan matsakaici- kuma silnosmytyh ƙasa yanki bai wuce kashi 5%, yayin da a mafi girma elevations a matsayin babban matsayin 20% ko fiye.

A da kudancin gandun daji, aikin gona asashe ne, yafi located in leached da hankula chernozems. Horar game da 87% na jimlar ƙasar yankin. The girma na arable ƙasar da aka located a kan wani m gangara. Strong ruwa yashewa fallasa su game da talatin bisa dari na arable ƙasar, har zuwa 40-50% na kudin shiga a wasu wasu yankunan.

Ragewa ƙasa haihuwa - da bala'i na gaba

A karfi karu a takin gargajiya na baki gona na taimaka wa wani m raguwa na gina jiki. A dalilin wannan ne m aikin noma. A kaifi karu a cikin abun ciki na humus ƙasa ta ƙara jiki yawa, tabarbarewar tsarin da jiki Properties na ruwa-jiyya saboda nauyi gona da injuna.

Ƙasa gandun daji Rasha a yau a kan aiwatar da m noma fiye da 30% ya rasa ta haihuwa. Wannan tsari yana dauke su babu ja. Da samuwar daya santimita topsoil daukan game 125-400 shekara a cikin daji. Lalacewar ta wurin mutumin, shi ne babban. Daga bisani, ba tare da lura da ta dace dangantaka da dabarun ajiyar ketare na kasar ƙasar da aka gaji da damuwa da yanayin kasa na halitta. Wannan zai kai ga bacewar m ƙasar a gaba 40-50 shekaru. Da fatan, da tsantseni da m jama'a za su ba da damar irin wannan bala'i na duniya domin a cikin bin babban kudi.