Catechism - Abin da yake da shi? Orthodox Catechism. Katolika Catechism

A kowane addini akwai wani littafin a cikin abin da parishioners iya samun amsoshin da na kowa tauhidin tambayoyi. Yana kuma ƙunshi guzuri don na farko samuwar baftisma. Irin wannan littafin da ake kira "catechism". Mene ne wannan? Yadda yi irin wannan littafin? Wanda shi ne ƙãga? Ne Katolika Catechism of Kirista? Game da wannan daga baya a cikin labarin.

terminology

Saboda haka Catechism - Abin da yake da shi? A definition kanta tana tsoho Greek asalin. Sa'an nan da kalmar shige cikin Latin. Zahiri definition nufin "umurci", "koyo". A wasu kalmomin, catechism ne a addini daftarin aiki. Haka kuma an kira "catechetical littafin" dauke da harsãshin rukunan. Wannan ɗaba'ar wani bangare ne na daban-daban ƙungiyõyi. Alal misali, a can ne Catechism of cocin Katolika. Matsayin mai mulkin, da bayanai a cikin littafin a cikin nau'i na "Tambayar-amsar". Kullum, da kalmar "catechism" da aka yi amfani da ba kawai a cikin bauta. Wannan definition iya kira wani zurfin jagora, ya wallafa da misali na addini daftarin aiki. Alal misali, a 1869, shekarar da aka kafa Catechism Nechayev. A wannan aikin, kamar yadda tsayayya wa wani addini daftarin aiki ciyar da tartsatsi tsõro shirin tabbatar da wata babbar yawan wadanda ke fama, a kan "munanan azzaluman mutane."

Overview

Babban arziki, wanda dauke da asali Orthodox catechism, aka ci gaba a cikin lokaci daga 1822 zuwa 1823. Its marubucin ya St Filaret (Drozdov). A littafin da aka amince da majalisar Krista da aka buga a 1823. Wannan catechism Filaret aka amince da farko a matsayin mai shiryarwa. Daga bisani, aikin da aka hõre babba bita. Ana ɗaukaka kuma patching yi da marubucin, manyan m da kuma sauran 'yan majalisar Krista. Wannan aiki ne kullum ana inganta da kuma ci da yawa bugu. Wasu daga cikin masana tauhidi, ciki har da irin wannan adadi a matsayin Lardi Bulgakov Makary, sakawa catechism Filaret matsayin daya daga "m littafin." Kamar yadda mutane da yawa, da aikin na saint ne daya daga cikin mafi iko kafofin na yaudarar koyaswar. Wannan shi ne inda mafi cikakken kafa fitar a madadin na coci ta manyan ka'idodi.

rigima al'amurran da suka shafi

Duk da haka, wasu Orthodox ilimin tauhidi kalubalanci marubucinsa Lardi Filaret. Amma, duk da wannan, sun kuma gane da muhimmancin wanda yana da catechism (abin da shi ne, kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama) a ROC tarihi. Wannan sanarwa ta dogara ne a kan gaskiyar cewa, bisa ga Bishop Vasiliya Krivosheina, babban addini daftarin aiki ya halartar m tace. Saboda da baki daga cikin manyan procurator Mai Tsarki taron majalisar Krista - cikin wadanda mutane mutum - littafin da matsayin marar sakewa yaudarar tunawa Ecumenical Orthodoxy, ma, za a iya kira a cikin tambaya, kamar yadda Catechism na Moscow Filaret shi ba ya dauke da dukkan alamu na addini da kuma bayyana sakamako na ba-Orthodox tauhidin.

A batun da rawar da addini daftarin aiki a zamani ROC

A farkon shekarar 2014 ba a bayar da wani "umurci" amince a karkashin shugabanci na daya daga cikin mafi girma ROC gwamnatoci, ko da majalisar Bishops da kuma Ruhu Mai taron majalisar Krista. Batun Catechism da aka shirya domin 2015. Furotesta da miafizitov in babu m addini daftarin aiki ROC samar da wata dama ga la'akari da data kasance edition, amince da majalisar Krista, kawai a matsayin mai shiryarwa. Suna ĩmãni da fasali yayin da la'akari da catechism, shi ne ba a yaudarar source, wanda dole ne aikin zana rukunan. Sha'awa, da batun ne yawanci kira wani Kirista, ba ai da. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa shi ya kafa daga general Kirista postulates ga mazaunan Rasha Empire. Halaye da aka shimfiɗa a cikinsa, da matsayi na gwamnati jikinsu. Alal misali, Nicholas I ya ba kawai shugaban Rasha Orthodox Church, amma kuma ya zama majiɓinci, kuma da Sufeto ya Lutheran batutuwa da halarci zaben na Armenian sarki. Kuma, duk da rashin amincewa da Rasha Orthodox Church a matsayin hukuma catechisms da doctrinal kafofin, an yanke shawarar ci gaba nasu shugabanci, wanda zai saita fita ainihin gaskiyar Orthodoxy.

Addini tsarin da daftarin aiki

Sashe, wanda ya buɗe wa Orthodox catechism, sanar da mai karatu game da ainihin matsalolin da pre-rukunan Kirista. Yana kuma nuna ra'ayi a kan manufar wahayin allahntaka a kan wani ɓangare na Rasha Orthodox Church, ya shaidawa game da Littafi Mai Tsarki. A gaba sashe ne mai uku da manyan sassa. Suna dogara ne a kan canja wuri na babban Kirista dabi'u: "About love", "A Faith" da kuma "The Hope." A bangare kishin addini, ya bada wani cikakken bayyani na shaidar bangaskiyar Krista a cikin Orthodox fahimtar, ba tare da Filioque. An kasu kashi 12 abubuwa (mambobi) domin karin cikakken jarrabawa. Wannan ne ya bi da labarin daga cikin bakwai sharu ɗ da Kristanci. A sashen "A Hope" An dauke dace a cikin tunanin Kirista na ƙayyadaddu, da bayyana rawar da salla a cikin rayuwar mai bi na gaskiya. Details da tsarin na hadaya ta kaɗawa, "Ubanmu." Domin tsabta salla kasu kashi kiran, 7 ro da kuma yabo a tsare. "Game da Hope" kuma bayyana cikin 10 Beatitudes. Sashe na daga cikin "Game love" da aka keɓe wa goma dokokin Allah. Hudu daga cikinsu suka sassaka a kan tebur na farko. Su umarnin soyayya ga Mahalicci. Sauran shida ne dokokin da soyayya ga maƙwabcinsa. Description kowane tare da dokokin wajibi ne don ya sadu da bukatun na bayanin da zunubi da ya iya taimaka wajen take hakkin. A karshen addini daftarin aiki furta "The amfani da rukunan addini da taƙawa." Ya kamata a lura Tsarin catechism cewa wannan manual da amfani sosai ga koyo da kuma fahimtar. Text kafa a cikin nau'i na tambayoyi da amsoshi. Saboda haka, da farko da wahala bukatun na addini, abun da kuma babban manufar Orthodoxy. Addini daftarin aiki ya amsa wannan tambaya. Text management ya halartar wani m archaism. Littafin ya ƙunshi babban adadin tserkovnoslavyanizmy. Alal misali, yawa "a cikin abin da ma'ana" da catechism sauti kamar "abin ikon / hankali." Wannan archaism ya zama shahararren a farkon rabin karni na sha tara.

Short na samar da wani guda management

A farko kwata karni na sha tara da aka alama ta yin amfani da wani isasshe manyan yawan catechisms. Mafi na kowa daga cikin Orthodox suke marubucin shugabanci na Lardi Peter kaburbura da kuma Plato. Halitta a ƙarƙashin rinjayar waɗannan ayyuka, sabon bugu, kazalika da farko kafofin, an soki da coci. A cikin farko case, ya gani "Katolika" nuna bambanci. A karshen An soki ga gaban Protestant abubuwa. Resolution na wannan halin da ake ciki shi ne halittar wani sabon catechism. Bugu da kari, saboda aiwatar a 1816, wani sabon juyin Littafi Mai Tsarki littattafai a Rasha, an yanke shawarar jinkirta da dacewa sassa na tsohon edition na Guide to sabon. Duk da yake rike yarda da yin amfani da translation bita. Developing wani sabon guda catechism shi aka qaddamar a 1822.

marubucin

The aiki na jawo sama da catechism aka sanya a gaban daya daga cikin mafi ilimi da kuma masu sana'a Rasha ilimin tauhidi - Lardi na Moscow da kuma Kolomenskim Filaretom. A farko edition da aka buga a 1823. Catechism aka harhada a tsarin, sa'an nan ajiye a duk bugu da versions. Yana da aka halarta da ake bukata uku sassan na bangaskiya, da bege, da kuma ƙauna Author riƙe da kuma gabatar da wani abu a cikin hanyar "Tambayar-amsar". A ba daga Littãfi sammaci aka bai daidai da canja wurin a 1816, wasu daga cikin phrases an fassara da kaina da Filaret. A mafi muhimmanci daga cikin ra'ayi na tarawa jagorancin matsayi aka janye a manyan print.

sabon daftarin aiki

1823 ga sake-saki da catechism. Labor ya aka kare daga waɗanda gani a farko edition na kuskure. Daga baya, a cikin 1824, ya zo hudu mafi bugu zira Church Slavonic da ƙungiyoyin irin (biyu bugu ga kowane irin alamar). Short version na addini daftarin aiki da aka saki bayan tsakiyar 1824 da aka mai suna "Kananan Catechism". Menene batun? Yana da aka yi nufi da farko ga m mutane da kuma yara. A jagora, ya hada da rubutu zaba a babban edition da yin amfani da manyan font. Ungulu "Published by na sarki domin" a cikin Guntu Catechism ya ba. Harufan Catechism fara da za a kira "sarari".

Criticism na addini daftarin aiki da kuma ta sakamakon

Ana zargin catechisms fadi a lokaci guda lokacin da rayayye soki fassara Littafi littattafai aiwatar da Rasha Bible Society. A yawan masu ra'ayin mazan jiya gwamnati da kuma manyan limaman musamman sharply soki cikin ayyukan da DBR. goyan bayan AA Arakcheyev Ministan Ilimi Alexander Shishkov da Archimandrite Photius rayayye ya bayyana cewa, Rasha da harshen da aka ba izini a cikin salla littattafai da kuma tsarki texts. Bugu da ƙari, ta yin amfani iya haifar da bayyanar daban-daban heresies. AS Shishkov, kasancewa mai taimako ga ra'ayin na ainihi daga cikin Church Slavonic da kuma Rasha harsuna, kare ya ra'ayi a gaban Lardi Serafim. A cewar Photius, catechism Drozdov da kuma shiryar da Bitrus kaburbura ne m da juna, kazalika da "kanavnaya ruwa" ne m zuwa "... da kyau ruwa na Neva."

Sabani da asali

A cikin shirin na AS Shishkov fara bincike catechisms Lardi Filaret. Manufar wannan aiki da aka gano mataki na sabawa daga asalin tushen, wanda shi ne Orthodox rukunan. The girmamawa da aka sanya a kan yiwuwa na yin amfani da wani marubucin sharhi a wani addini daftarin aiki Littafi Mai Tsarki ambato a Rasha. A wannan girmamawa da ra'ayi ya zo daidai da Photios da kuma AS Shishkov. A daya hannun, lura game da tauhidi zalla abun ciki na catechism, ba iko isa shaida. Description of gagarumin ƙarara marubucin sharhi shiriya reinforces wani nau'i dauke da wata tambaya: "Abin da yake mafi kyau daga koyarwar bin Allah?" Ya kamata amsa: "rukunan Kirista". Daga wani m ra'ayi, da marubucin sharhi da shawara cewa, ban da "mafi kyau" iya zama kamar "mai kyau" rukunan taƙawa, zama da shi bin addinin Buddha ko Musulunci.

da aka hana

Tare da irin wannan karfi da addini tura da bayyanar da daftarin aiki a karshen yakin neman zabe a watan Nuwamba 1824 zo a cikin sakamako da umarni na Ruhu Mai taron majalisar Krista. Ya hana a buga da kuma rarraba catechisms Filaret har kara sanarwa. Dalilin da ban aka ayyana da inadmissibility na transcriptions na Addu'ar Ubangiji, da Creed da 10 Dokoki a kan Rasha da ake kira "folksy yare". A 1825 ya aka sake fito da Catechism of Lardi Platon. Dole ne in ce cewa wannan aiki na farko ya fito a 1786, kuma ya jimre bakwai bugu. A karshen su ya positioned a matsayin counterweight aiki Filaret. A Plato jagorancin An lura sama zance daga Littafi Mai Tsarki a cikin Church.