Dante Alighieri da Beatrice Portinari

Kila da yawa daga ka san ko a kalla sun ji labarin Dante Alighieri da m aiki "The Divine Comedy". Yau da shahararsa na mutane da yawa Dante samu ta hanyar samfurin Dena Brauna "tsananin zafin" da kuma fim dangane da wannan labari. "Divine Comedy", a gaskiya, shi ne pinnacle na kerawa Dante kuma mafi girma halittar duk na da Turai wallafe-wallafe. Amma 'yan mutane san yadda za ku gani wannan gagarumin aiki, domin wanda aka rubuta, da kuma shi ake dangantawa da Dante ta rayuwa. A wannan labarin, za ka sami amsa ga dukkan wadannan tambayoyi da kuma more. Kuma za mu fara da tarihin rayuwar Dante, saboda a shi ya ta'allaka amsar tambaya bayyana a sama.

biography

Dante ta kakanninku ba talakawa mutane. A cewar labari, sun kasance daya daga wadanda suka kafa Florence. Dante da kansa aka haife shi a wannan birni a watan Mayu 1265. A daidai ranar da aka haife ta ba da aka kafa saboda rashin data. Place na horo talented marubuci kuma mawãƙi ba a sani ba, amma mun sani cewa ya samu m ilimi na adabi, kimiyya da kuma addini. Da farko shawarta, bisa ga tarihi, ya Brunetto Latini - da aka sani a lokacin da wani Italian masanin da kuma mawãƙi ne. Da masu bincike bayar da shawarar cewa a cikin 1286-1287 shekaru Dante aka horar a wani sosai shahara da matsayi na ma'aikata a lokacin - University of Bologna.

Niyya ga tabbatar da kansa a matsayin jama'a adadi, Alighieri a karshen da XIII karni da aka rayayye da hannu a cikin rãyuwar Florence da kuma a 1301 ya samu title of Kafin - yayin high isa title. Duk da haka a 1302 ya, tare da jam'iyyar da ya halitta fari Guelph An koro shi daga Florence. Af, ma, ya mutu a zaman talala, bai ga wani babban garinsu. A cikin wadannan wuya shekaru, Dante da kuma dauke da lyrics. Kuma abin da suka farko ayyukan wannan babban waƙen, da kuma abin da ya kasance da rabo, yanzu za mu gaya.

farkon Littafa

By lokacin Dante ya riga wani aikin La Vita Nuova ( "New Life"). Amma da wadannan biyu treatises aka taba kammala. Daga cikinsu akwai "Biki" - wani irin sharhin da kuma fassarar da Canzone. Dante ƙaunar da harshe, da dukan irin ana kullum fada domin ta ci gaba. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa haife rubutun "A cikin kasa da harshe", rubuta ta da mawãƙi a Latin. Ya aka jiran al'adar "Biki": ya ma aka ba su kammala. Bayan Alighieri ba sama aiki a kan wadannan ayyuka, tunaninsa da kuma lokaci ya dauki wani sabon aiki - "The Divine Comedy". Game ta yanzu magana a more daki-daki.

"Divine Comedy"

Aiki a kan wannan waka sadaukar da Beatrice Portinari, Dante ya fara, kasancewa a cikin zaman talala. Ya kunshi sassa uku, da ake kira Canticle: "Jahannama", "A'araf" da "Aljanna." Af, na karshe na wanda Dante ya gama rubuta jim kadan kafin mutuwarsa, kuma har yanzu gudanar don gama aikin. Kowane Canticle hada da dama songs, kunsha na Terzigno. Ban sha'awa gaskiya: a "Divine Comedy" daidai 100 songs, da kuma a kowane bangare na talatin da uku, da kuma wani daya sanya a matsayin wani gabatarwar.

Mun yi magana a game da rayuwar Dante, ayyukansa, amma da aka rasa da ma'ana: da daya ga wanda ya rubuta "The Divine Comedy". Biography na Italian mawãƙi - wani labarin soyayya har mutuwa, unrequited da kuma ban tausayi.

Dante da Beatrice Portinari

Dante ta sirri rai da aka hade da daya kawai mace. Ya hadu da ita yayin da har yanzu da wani yãro - ya na da shekaru tara. A bikin a cikin birnin, da ya ga na shekaru takwas ya na da wani makwabcin, sunanta Beatrice. Dante ta gaske cikin soyayya da ita, a lokacin da shekaru tara daga baya ya hadu da ita riga aure mace. Unrequited soyayya azaba mawãƙi, kuma ko da shekara bakwai bayan mutuwar Beatrice Portinari, bai manta da game da shi. Tuni bayan 'yan ƙarni, sunan Dante da lover sun zama wata alama ce da wannan unrequited soyayya platonic.

Beatrice Portinari, wanda biography da aka sani kawai da soyayya da Dante domin ta takaici, yanke takaice: ta rasu yana da shekara ashirin da huɗu yana sarauta. Duk da haka, wannan ba ya nufin cewa babban Italian mawãƙi daina son ta. Ko da yake ya zo a cikin wani aure na saukaka, amma duk da ransa har mutuwarsa kawai kaunace shi. Dante ya kadan m, da kuma kasancewa cikin soyayya da Beatrice, ya faɗa ta kawai sau biyu a cikin rayuwarsa. Ba za ka iya kiran wadannan lambobi ko da magana: sai ya sadu da a kan titi, Beatrice Portinari da Dante kawai su ce sannu. Bayan haka, mawãƙi, murna tare da tunanin cewa shi kusantar da hankali ga kaunar da ransa, ya gudu gida, inda ya yi mafarki, wanda zai zama daya daga cikin jẽfo wani ɓaɓɓake daga "New Life". A farko hira tsakanin Dante Alighieri da Beatrice Portinari zo lõkacin da suka kasance har yanzu yara da kuma fara haduwa a kan biki a Florence.

More sau da yawa Dante ya ga ƙaunataccen, amma magana da ya gaza ta. Don Beatrice bai gane ya ji, don haka su sau da yawa kula da sauran Ladies, cewa a wasu lokacin sa fushi da ya ƙaunataccen. Shi ne saboda wannan ta daga baya tsaya magana da shi.

A rabo daga Beatrice

An haife ta ne a arziki iyali: mahaifinsa, Folco Portinari de, wani sanannen Florentine banki, uwa ma ya zo daga wani iyali na bankers Bardi, wanda ya ba da rance ga popes da sarakuna. Bugu da kari ga shi, cikin iyali shi ne har yanzu 5 da 'ya'ya mata, wanda shi ne ba abin mamaki ba domin na da Turai. Kamar yadda za a iya gani daga tsira kafofin, Beach Life, kamar yadda aka kira cikin auna ta abokai da Dante ya ci gaba sosai cikin sauri. A ashirin da daya, ta yi aure da wani tasiri banki na iyali na mahaifiyarta - Simone dei Bardi. Bayan shekaru uku, Beatrice mutu. Akwai da dama iri na ta mutuwa. Daya daga cikin su ya ce da ƙaunataccen Dante ya mutu a haihuwa, da kuma sauran - cewa ta mutuwa ne alaka da cuta. Bayan kamar wata shekaru bayan mutuwar Beatriche Dante na yi aure a kan lissafi na wata mace daga wani aristocratic Italian iyali Donati.

Tasiri a Dante

Beatrice Portinari, wanda hoto da za ka iya gani a kasa, ya ɗan daban-daban, daga abin da ya sifanta Dante. A cikin ayyukansu, ya kasance karkata zuwa idealize ta hanyar, juya cikin wani aljanna, wanda ya yi sujada. Bayan rasuwar Beatrice Portinari Dante, photo hotuna wanda ka iya gani a kasa, domin lokaci mai tsawo zauna tawayar. Iyalinsa tsoron cewa mawãƙi iya kashe kansa, don haka yawa ya aka shan wahala. A karshen, Dante m rikicin ya kan, ya kuma fara rubuta "sabuwar rayuwa", wahayi zuwa gare ta daban-daban ayyukan da aka rubuta da mawallafa da suka samu asarar ƙaunataccen mace.

Rawar da art

Sunan Beatrice Portinari zauna a cikin tarihi da kuma zama da aka sani a yau kawai saboda Dante. A cikin ayyukansu ta bayyana sau da yawa sosai, kuma a cikin daban-daban siffofin. Kuma wannan ya shafi ba kawai ga "Divine Comedy", amma sauran ayyukan: misali, a cikin "New Life" da kuma sonnets, rubuta da abokansa. Beatrice samu ta embodiment a cikin ayyukansu na sauran mawallafa, ciki har da Rasha: Nikolai Gumilyov, Konstantin Balmont, Valery Bryusov.

Aure Beatrice Portinari

Saba wa soyayya na babban waƙen da lover a wani sauri don samar da cudanya ni'imar. Saboda ta zo daga mai daraja iyali, ta kasance a aure a kan lissafi na wani m memba na tseren na mahaifiyarta, Simone De Bardi. Unknown, ta yi farin ciki ko ba. Wannan za a iya gane. Af, a lokacin da Dante gan Beatrice Portinari karo na biyu a cikin rayuwarsa, shekaru bakwai bayan da suka hadu, a lokacin da suke yara, ta kasance ba tukuna aure.

Ba za mu iya ce daidai, zai iya zama kusa da Dante for Beatrice, kuma ta na da su zauna har sai karshen rayuwarsa, da kuma kawai mafi tsada platonic soyayya. A cikin wani hali, a matsayin rayuwa da mutuwa da Beatrice da babban tasiri a kan al'adun Italiya a matsayin dukan, da kuma a kan Italian mawãƙi kadai. Ciki har da mutuwa na cikin babban waƙen nasaba da wahalar bayan mutuwar matar da ya ƙaunace. Kuma da gaskiya da haka. Za mu fahimci dalilin da ya sa.

mutuwa na Dante

Bayan kamar wata shekaru bayan Beatrice rasu, ta asiri sha'awar aure a kan lissafi na wata mace daga wani aristocratic iyali Donati. Duk lokacin bayan taron, kuma ga mutuwa na Dante rubuta. Duk da ayyukan da ya fita ta alkalami, aka lalle ne, haƙĩƙa kishin daya daga Beatrice Portinari. Biography Dante karya don haka da sauri da hanzari cewa shi ba amintacce. да Поленты. A 1316-1317 shekaru na babban waƙen settles a cikin Italiyanci birnin Ravenna, isa can a bisa gayyatar da Signor Guido da Polenta. Ravenna nada jakadan tsagaita wuta tare da Jamhuriyar St. Mark ta, Dante tafiya zuwa Venice. A tattaunawa ƙare nasarar, amma a kan hanyar dawo wa da mawãƙi kamu da cutar zazzabin cizon sauro kuma ya mutu, kuma kafin kai Ravenna. Lalle ne shĩ, mutuwa na cikin babban waƙen ne inextricably nasaba da mutuwar Beatrice Portinari. Photo mutuwa mask na Dante za ka iya gani a kasa.

а Полента обещал построить роскошный мавзолей в честь Данте, однако по неизвестным нам причинам не сделал это. Signor Guido E Polenta ya kuma yi alkawarin gina wani m kabarin a cikin girmamawa Dante, amma ba su ga dalilai ba mu san shi. A babban Italian mawãƙi kabarin da aka gina kawai a 1780. Ban sha'awa al'amari: hoto, wanda aka nuna a kabarin Boccaccio, 'yan unreliable. Dante ne wanda aka nuna a kan shi tare da wani lokacin farin ciki gemu, yayin da ya ko da yaushe aski smoothly a hakikanin rai.

ban sha'awa facts

Bisa ga ayyukansu na Dante ya rubuta mai yawa hotuna. Daga cikin shahararrun - "Jahannama Card" (La mappa Dell zafi) Sandro Botticelli. Modern marubuci Den Braun a littafinsa "tsananin zafin" ya bayyana zane saƙo a cikin wannan hoton trasngumanista Bertrand Zobrist. Af, a cikin sama aiki, kusan duk mãkirci ne daura wa "Divine Comedy" da kuma ta zamani fassarar.

Eugene Delacroix, Faransa fenta, spellbound da rabo daga Dante da Beatrice Portinari, wani hoto wanda, da rashin alheri, ba a kiyaye su, fentin "The Barque na Dante," wanda ya ma Acquired duniya daraja.

Ba kare da tasiri na Dante da kuma Rasha marubuta da kuma kasida. Alal misali, akwai 'yan Anny Ahmatovoy ta kasidu, ko ta wani hanya alaka da Beatrice Portinari da Dante. Akwai rinjayar da Italian marubuci kuma Rasha mawãƙi Nikolai Gumilyov, wanda kuma ya yi amfani da hoton da Dante, ɗan gudun hijira a cikin aikinsa. Kasa, za ka iya kawai ganin wani hoto na "The Barque na Dante," wanda ya siffanta da mawãƙi ta tafiya zuwa Jahannama. Wannan shi ne farkon "Divine Comedy."

ƙarshe

Lalle ne duk wanda aka cika da rayuwa da kuma ji na Dante, ji shi ne a yanzu sauki (da kuma watakila nauyi) baƙin ciki. Lalle ne, labarin abin da ya faru tsakanin Beatrice Portinari da Dante Alighieri, ba za ka iya fito da. Wannan wasan kwaikwayo, don haka sauki da kuma bai isa a kula a cikin daki-daki, na farko da samar da wani ƙarya ra'ayi na m soyayya da kuma bukatarsa wahala. Amma tunanin mafi alhẽri, za mu fahimci cewa babban abu a duk wannan - da ji cewa rera waka da babbar Italian mawãƙi zuwa da ƙaunataccen Beatrice Portinari. Dante, wanda hoto ne a matakai daban-daban na rayuwarsa za ka iya gani a wannan labarin, ta zama wani ɓangare na tarihin duniya da kuma wata alama ce gaskiya soyayya, wanda aka haka rasa a duniya a yau.