Yarjejeniyar da Nystad a sakamakon shekaru masu yawa na kokarin Petra Velikogo

A tarihin kasarmu karshen XVII - farkon XVIII karni na cike ne da yawa abubuwan da suka kai tsaye shafi nan gaba shakka daga Rasha ta ci gaba. Hali na Bitrus, mai girma, makamashi, wauta ayyuka sun jagoranci zuwa fitowan da wani sabon jihar, da kuma yarjejeniyar da Nystad ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan nasarorin da wannan zamanin.

"Loss Century"

A karshen XVII karni Rasha ya quite a sararin kasa, duk da haka, yana da wani gagarumin tasiri a kan duk-Turai al'amura. Zarge shi aiki a matsayin gabata abubuwan tarihin da, da kuma inertia daga cikin shugabanni. Cikin wannan karni, kasar mu ta samu da yawa upheavals. Lokaci na matsaloli, da shiga tsakani na Commonwealth da kuma Sweden, da asarar yammacin asashe, m yunkuri, da apogee daga abin da yake da fitina Stepana Razina. A sakamakon duk wadannan abubuwan da suka faru, Rasha rasa damar zuwa teku, a kan wanda akwai wani aiki cinikayya, da kuma a kadaici.

Bugu da kari, da muhimmanci rawa da cewa shugabanni na wannan lokaci: Mikhail Fedorovich, Alexis, Theodore A., Ivan - sun kasance a matalauta kiwon lafiya da kuma ba su sãɓã ba jihar tunani. A togiya to wannan jerin aka Sophia Alekseevna.

A farkon babban abubuwa

Shi ne mai gajeren lokaci na regent ga matasa, 'yan'uwa - Ivan, wanda yake dakiki, duk da Bitrus, wanda zai yi sarauta a kansu da nagarta da yara. Lokacin da shi ya zama mafi aiki kasashen waje da manufofin. Rasha ya sanya biyu na Crimean yaƙin neman zaɓe, wanda aka yi nufi ga raunana shi Khanate, da kuma, idan zai yiwu, a sake samu damar yin amfani da tekun Black Sea. Duk da haka, biyu soja kamfen sun ƙare sosai mugun for Rasha, wanda shi ne daya daga cikin Sanadin faduwar Sophia.

Peter, A halin yanzu, alama da za a tsunduma a yaro. Ya shirya yaki wasanni, karatu dabara, Kolomenskoye kauye a kan lake 'yan tasoshin da aka gina, wanda alfahari da ake kira Bitrus jiragen ruwa. Kamar yadda suka samu mazan shi ne mafi fili gane cewa Rasha kawai dole ne su sami damar zuwa dumi tekuna shipping. A wannan ra'ayin ya an kara karfafa ta ziyartar White Sea da kuma Mala'iku - daya kankara-free tashar jiragen ruwa KAFIN Rasha.

Bincike da kuma hadin gwiwa tare da kasashen Turai

The yaki tsakanin Bitrus da Sophia aka lashe ta tsohon. Tun shekarar 1689, sai ya rika dukan ikon a hannuwansu. Sarki ya da wani rudanin da abin da teku - Black Sea ko Baltic - don kokarin samun fita. A 1695 da kuma 1696, ya yanke shawarar gano da yaƙi sojojin tsayayya wa kasar mu a kudu. Azov kamfen sun nuna cewa akwai Rasha sojojin suna shakka bai isa ya shawo kan m Ottoman Empire da aminci talakansa - Krymskoe Hanstvo.

Bitrus ya yi ku yanke ƙauna, kuma ya juya da hankali ga arewa, ga Baltic Sea. Ga mamaye Sweden, duk da haka, da aiwatar da yaƙi tare da daya daga cikin manyan kasashen Turai da na wancan lokacin ba tare da kawayenta da aka kunar, don haka lokacin da 1697-1698 shekaru. Sarki ya shirya Grand Ofishin Jakadancin zuwa Turai. A wannan lokaci da ya ziyarci nahiyar mafi cigaban jihohi, sunã kira masana a cikin soja, aikin injiniya da kuma Shipbuilding kasuwanci a Rasha. A hanya, jami'an diplomasiyan gane ma'auni na iko a Turai. By wannan lokaci da zamanin] aular rabo daga cikin Spanish maye, da kuma arewa na Turai kadan amfani da babban iko.

Yarjejeniyar da Nystad a 1721: kafofin nasara

Shan amfani da wannan, ofishin jakadancin kammala yawan yarjejeniyar tare da Poland, Saxony da kuma Denmark. Wannan alliance ne a cikin tarihi na sunan Arewa Alliance da kuma aka nufin rushe da dominance na Sweden a cikin Baltic yankin. War fara a 1700.

A Yaren mutanen Sweden sarki, ya yi sauri, kuma decisively. A wannan shekara Swedish sojojin komai a fili kusa Copenhagen da kuma iko harin tilasta Danish sarki ya gama da wani zaman lafiya. A na gaba wanda aka azabtar Carl na sha biyu zabi Rasha. A sakamakon inept umurnin da sauran al'amura na Rasha sojojin sha kaye a Narva. A Yaren mutanen Sweden sarki ya yanke shawarar cewa Bitrus shi ne ba da wani dan takara, da kuma mayar da hankali soja a Saxony, inda ya yi nasara a 1706.

Peter, duk da haka, bai fada cikin fid da zuciya. Fast, mai kuzari da matakan da ya halitta, a sakamako, wani sabon sojojin bisa conscription, kuma kusan Sabonta manyan bindigogi shakatawa. Layi daya da gina jiragen ruwa ya tafi. Bayan 1706 Rasha yake yaƙi da Sweden kadai. Kuma sarkin aiki matakai bada sakamakon. A hankali da himma da kuma ɗaukaka a ga sojojin Rasha, wanda aka kulla nasara a yakin Poltava, wanda a cikin sa da karshe to abin da aka kammala yarjejeniyar da Nystad da Sweden.

Rasha da ake zama wani daular

Duk da haka, da yaki ci gaba ga wata shekaru 12, zuwa nasara a kan ƙasar Rasha sojan ruwa kara Victoria. Gangut yaƙi a 1714 da kuma 1720 Grengamskoe karfafa da gagarumar rawar da Rasha rundunar motoci a kan Baltic Coast. A ra'ayi na bayyana abũbuwan amfãni daga Rasha Swedish gwamnatin ya nema a tsagaita wuta. Yarjejeniyar da Nystad aka sanya hannu a 'yan watanni, shi alama da cikakken nasara na kasar mu.

Mamaki, da Burtaniya da Faransa da aka buga da gaskiyar cewa, yayin da suka tsunduma a cikin Spanish harkokin, kafa irin wannan iko soja da siyasa da karfi a cikin gabashin nahiyar. Amma su aka tilasta yarda. Sharuddan da yarjejeniyar da Nystad sa ran canji a cikin iyakokin tsakanin jihohin biyu. Domin Rasha a kan ƙasa na tashi har abada Livonia, Estonia, Ingria, kazalika da wasu yankuna na Karelia. Ga waɗannan ƙasashe Rasha ya yi niyya ya biya diyya ga Sweden a cikin adadin miliyan 2 rubles, da kuma komawa zuwa Finland. Peter majalisar dattijai shelar sarki, da kuma Rasha - daular. Daga wannan lokacin jihar yana zama daya daga cikin kasashen - vershitelnits al'adar Turai da kuma duniya.