Wanne hanyar kwayoyin ninka: shawara ko division?

Kwayan kwayoyin da ya dade ƙware duk aka sani mazauninsu. Su ne a cikin iska, a cikin ruwa da kuma rayuwa a cikin wasu kwayoyin. Amma mafi yawansu ba su a cikin babba yadudduka na kasar gona. Yawan wadannan kwayoyin dogara ba kawai a kan tsarin fasali. Shi ne A riɓanya godiya ga mai girma ikon haifa. A wace hanya da kwayoyin ninka, shi za a takaicce aka bayyana a cikin labarin.

Su wane ne kwayoyin cuta?

Wadannan kwayoyin suna unicellular, da wuya mulkin mallaka kwayoyin. Suna shirya wajen m. Surface naúrar wakilta mucous membrane da kwantena, da kuma cytoplasm ne bã tãre da mitochondria da plastids. Mutane da yawa Kwayoyin suna da flagellum, ta hanyar abin da kwayoyin cuta na iya motsa.

kwayoyin abu

Kwayoyin cutar suna prokaryotes. Wannan yana nufin cewa su Kwayoyin rasa nuclei. Amma da kwayoyin abu a cikinsu har yanzu ba. Gungu ne DNA din a wani ɓangare na cytoplasm da nucleoid kira. A wasu kalmomi da za mu iya ce cewa prokaryotes da babu membrane core. Saboda haka, rikitarwa biochemical matakai, ba za su iya yi. Duk da haka, wannan ba ya shafar su ikon haifa.

Wanne hanyar kwayoyin ninka?

Kwayoyin cutar haifa cell division. Wannan shi ne babban da ya fi sauri hanya. Daga daya rabin awa masu juna biyu Kwayoyin samar biyu yaro. Kuma a lokaci guda lokacin da biyu sabuwar 'yar Kwayoyin suna kafa a sake. Wannan bayyana manyan yawan kwayoyin cuta a cikin yanayi.

A karkashin m yanayi, kwayoyin cuta na iya samar spores - Kwayoyin na sake yiwuwar tohowarsu. Lokaci-lokaci kwayan Kwayoyin toho - samar da kananan protrusions cewa girma, girma cikin manya, da kuma raba kashe daga iyaye.

Wanne hanyar da kwayoyin ninka, shi ne kuma zai yiwu a yi la'akari da misali na Tasrifu. Yana da wani nau'i na jima'i haifuwa. shi ne musayar amfanoni na kwayoyin bayanai tsakanin sel. Kafin fara wani anya madauwari jigidar halittar DNA. Bugu da ari cytoplasmic gada da aka kafa tsakanin Kwayoyin, da wanda hereditary bayanai da aka koma daya cell zuwa wani. Akwai wani canji na sassan na DNA. A sakamakon haka, jiki samun sabon fasali, wanda sau da yawa amfani a gare shi. Alal misali, kwayoyin zama resistant zuwa m muhalli dalilai, ƙwayoyin cuta, ko maganin rigakafi.

Nodule kwayoyin rayuwa da kuma haihuwa a kan tushen da legumes da hatsi. Iya shiga ta hanyar da tushen tsarin ko shafa yankunan tushen hairs, su fadada da kuma siffar protrusions - nodules. A ciki suka halitta mai m yanayi domin metabolism. A tushen aika wani kwayoyin kwayoyin abubuwa da kwayoyin cuta - nitrogen, wanda shi ne don haka wajibi ne ga ci gaban da kuma ci gaban da shuke-shuke.

A rabo a cikin biyu Kwayoyin

Wanne hanyar da kwayoyin ninka, dangane da nau'in da mazauninsu. Amma da biyu za su iya raba duk kwayan kwayoyin. Wannan tsari faruwa a dama, saukarwa da ake kira binary fission.

Kafin fara rarraba annular jigidar halittar DNA da aka ninki biyu. A wasu kalmomin, kwafi na faruwa. Nucleotide raba, 'yar DNA baya. Girma a cikin cytoplasm, da jikin tantanin aka located tsakanin DNA din. Wato shi da rababben cell da kuma abinda ke ciki a cikin rabin.

A rana daya daga cikin sel 72, da haske ya bayyana kwayan tsara. Idan duk kwayoyin cuta zama mai yiwuwa, su biomass zai zama game da 5 m. A yanayi, ba shakka, wannan bai faru, kuma mafi yawan kwayoyin cuta ana kashe.

cloning

A tsarin kuma ma'anar da hanyar da kwayoyin ninka.

Mulkin mallaka jinsunan da cyanobacteria (blue-kore algae) ne iya vegetative haifuwa. A wannan hanya, mafi yawan shuke-shuke haifa. Shi ne su raba daga dukan kwayoyin na Multi-salon salula sassa.

Filamentous cyanobacteria jinsunan samar da musamman Kwayoyin kira geterotsisty. Vegetative yaduwa ne su karya da filaments, iyakar abin da aka gudanar a wurare heterocysts wuri.

Globular kwayoyin cocci iya shiga a cikin marũruwa, gungu ko wasu abokai. Kadaici daga sãshe, sukan kuma ninka.

sporulation

Kwayoyin cutar haifa ta hanyar spores, wanda aka kafa a lokacin m yanayi. Spore samuwar - shi ne ba wai kawai wata hanya na haifuwa. Ciki da muhawara Halicci musamman yanayi, rage ruwa da abun ciki, da rayuwar tafiyar matakai an dakatar. A wannan jiha musũ tsoro ba high yanayin zafi, kuma bã ionizing radiation, ko daukan hotuna zuwa sunadarai. Lokacin da sharadi gwargwado faruwa sake, daga shawara matasa kwayan kwayoyin. Saboda haka, spore samuwar ne wani zaɓi don kula da viability daga cikin sel a a cikinsa yanayi. Akwai lokuta idan kwayan spores zama mai yiwuwa dubun, kuma ko da daruruwan shekaru.

encystation

Wata hanya don kare da m yanayi da kuma yanayin na haifuwa ne da samuwar cysts. Su vesicles da lokacin farin ciki bawo. A Jihar cysts kwayoyin iya zama na dogon lokaci. Kamar haka suka ba su halaka su da yanayin zafi na fiye da 200 digiri. Da zuwan al'ada yanayin kwayoyin fitowa daga cikin harsashi da kuma fara al'ada binary fission.

A wace hanya da kwayoyin ninka, amma wajen warware muhalli da yanayi. Lokacin da bai isa ba gina jiki da kuma danshi, akwai wani wuce haddi oxygen abun ciki, iska ne da muni ko low zazzabi matakai amfani encystment bacteria ko spore. A wani dadi yanayi, suka rarrabu kuma karbe vegetatively. Yana da irin wannan dama hanyoyin da haifuwa, wanda suke iya kwayoyin sa su lambobi a cikin daji. Idan aiwatar da rarraba guda cell kwayoyin da aka ba tsaya ga kwanaki 10, da suka iya rufe dukan surface na duniya.