Samuwar, Sakandare da kuma makarantu
Wani misali da wani riyadiyan Alqur'ani model. Definition, rarrabuwa da kuma halaye
A samarwa labarin to your da hankali mu bayar da misalai na ilmin lissafi model. Bugu da kari, mu kula da matakai na samar da model da kuma tattauna wasu daga cikin kalubalen da dangantaka da ilmin lissafi tallan kayan kawa.
Wani daga mu tambaya - a ilmin lissafi model na tattalin arziki, da misalai, da maanar wanda za mu tattauna daga baya. Fara tattaunawar da muka bayar da sosai ra'ayi na wani "model", a takaice dai look at su rarrabuwa da kuma matsa wa mu main al'amurran da suka shafi.
A ra'ayi na "model"
Mun ji sau da yawa da kalmar "model". Mene ne wannan? Wannan kalma na da yawa ma'anar, kawai uku daga cikinsu:
- wani takamaiman abu da aka halitta samun da adanar bayanai da ta nuna wasu daga cikin kaddarorin ko halaye da sauransu na asali abu (da takamaiman abu za a iya bayyana a daban-daban siffofin: wani shafi tunanin mutum bayanin yin amfani da haruffa da sauransu).
- har yanzu a karkashin tsarin nuna Taswirar wani takamaiman yanayi a rayuwa, ko management.
- model na iya zama karamin kofi na da wani abu (aka halitta su domin karin cikakken nazari da bincike, a matsayin model nuna tsarin da kuma dangantaka).
Bisa abin da aka ce a baya, yana yiwuwa a yi karamin ƙarshe: model yale mu mu yi nazarin a daki-daki, wani hadadden tsarin ko abu.
Duk model za a iya classified a kan da dama filaye:
- a filin wasa na amfani (horo, dandana, da kimiyya da fasaha, da caca, kwaikwaiyo).
- a kan muhimmancin (a tsaye da kuma tsauri).
- masana'antu ilmi (jiki, sinadaran, Gwargwadon, tarihi, sociological, tattalin arziki, ilimin lissafi).
- Hanyar misali (da kuma kayan bayanai).
Bayani model, bi da bi, an rarraba su zuwa fi'ili da kuma m. A landmark - a kan kwamfuta da kuma wadanda ba kwamfuta. Mu yanzu juya zuwa cikakken la'akari da misalai na ilmin lissafi model.
ilmin lissafi model
Ba shi da wuya a tsammani a ilmin lissafi model nuna fasali na wani abu ko sabon abu ta hanyar musamman ilmin lissafi alamomin. LISSAFI da kuma bukatar canzawa da alamu na duniya a kan takamaiman harshe.
ilmin lissafi tallan kayan kawa Hanyar ya taso na dogon lokaci, dubban shekaru da suka wuce, tare da zuwan na kimiyya. Duk da haka, da samar da kuzari ga bunkasuwar wannan hanya na tallan kayan kawa ya bayyanar kwamfuta (lantarki kwakwalwa).
Mu yanzu juya zuwa rarrabuwa. Yana kuma za a iya yi a cikin wasu madaidaci. Suna gabatar a tebur a kasa.
Rarrabuwa ta fannin kimiyya | A amfani da ilmin lissafi model a kimiyyar lissafi, ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a, sunadarai, da dai sauransu. |
Bisa ga ilmin lissafi inji, wanda aka yi amfani da tallan kayan kawa tsari | Model dangane da bambanci lissafai, mai hankali algebraic jan, da dai sauransu |
Ga dalilai na yin tallan kayan kawa | Bisa wannan ka'ida, ware siffatawa, ingantawa, Multi-sharudda, caca da kuma kwaikwaiyo model |
Muna ba da shawara ga dakatar da la'akari da mafi kwanan nan rarrabuwa, saboda yana nuna dokokin general na kwaikwaiyo da kuma manufofin kafa model.
siffatawa model
A wannan babi, mun ba da shawara domin su zauna a siffatawa ilmin lissafi model. Don yin shi duk mai haske misali, za a ba.
Bari mu fara da cewa irin wannan za a iya kira siffatawa. Wannan shi ne saboda da cewa mun yi kawai lissafin da kuma kintace, amma ba za mu iya tasiri da sakamakon abubuwan da suka faru.
A daukan hankali misali na siffatawa ilmin lissafi model yin lissafi ne da jirgin hanya, saurinka, tazara daga comets Duniya, wadda mamaye a cikin vastness na mu hasken rana tsarin. Wannan tsari ne mai siffatawa, tun duk sakamakon yin gargaɗi kawai ga mu da wata tarzoma. Tasiri da sakamakon wani taron, alas, za mu iya ba. Duk da haka, bisa waxannan lissafin, yana yiwuwa ya dauki wani matakai don adana rayuwa a duniya.
ingantawa model
Yanzu dole mu kadan magana game da tattalin arziki, da kuma ilmin lissafi model, misalai daga waxanda suke da daban-daban da halin da ake ciki. A wannan yanayin da muke magana ne game da model cewa taimaka a sami dama amsar a wani yanayi. Sunã da wasu zaɓuɓɓuka. Don yin shi sosai a fili, la'akari da wani misali daga m part.
Muna da granary, amma hatsi ne sosai lalacewa. A wannan yanayin, muna bukatar mu zabi dama zafin jiki da kuma inganta da ajiya tsari.
Saboda haka, za mu iya ayyana manufar "ingantawa model." A ilmin lissafi sharuddan, wannan tsarin na lissafai (duka mikakke kuma ba), da mafita daga wanda taimaka a sami mafi kyau duka bayani a wani takamaiman halin tattalin arzikinsu. Wani misali da wani ilmin lissafi model (ingantawa), za mu dubi, amma ina so in ƙara: Wannan nau'in nasa ne a aji na extremal matsaloli, da suka taimake su bayyana aiki na tsarin tattalin arziki.
Lura wata abu: model na iya zama daban-daban (ga tebur a kasa.).
determinate | A wannan yanayin, sakamakon dogara da shigar da bayanai |
stochastic | Description of bazuwar tafiyar matakai. A wannan yanayin da sakamakon shi ne bai tabbata |
Multi-sharudda model
Yanzu muna bayar da ku magana kadan game da ilmin lissafi model na Multi-sharudda ingantawa. Kafin wannan, mun ba da wani misali na wani ilmin lissafi model na ingantawa aiwatar ga kowane guda rarrabẽwa, amma abin da idan mai yawa daga gare su?
A daukan hankali misali da wani multicriterial matsala ne kungiyar na daidai, da amfani da kuma tattali a lokaci guda da ikon manyan kungiyoyin na mutane. Tare da irin matsalolin da ake samu sau da yawa a cikin sojojin, makaranta canteens, rani sansanonin, asibitoci da sauransu.
Wadanne ma'auni an ba mu a cikin wannan matsala?
- Abinci ya zama da amfani.
- a kan abinci ta halin kaka ya zama kadan.
Kamar yadda ka gani, wadannan manufofi ba daidaita. Saboda haka, don magance matsalar da shi wajibi ne don duba ga mafi kyau duka bayani, da daidaituwa tsakanin da sharudda biyu.
game model
Da yake jawabi na wasan model, kana bukatar ka fahimci manufar "wasan ka'idar." A ta aice, da data model wakiltar ilmin lissafi model na wadannan rikice-rikice. Kawai dole ne a fahimci haka, sabanin real rikici da asirin mu'ujizar riyadiyan model na da takamaiman dokoki.
Wanda za a ba wani m na bayanai daga ka'idar wasanni da za su taimake ka fahimci abin da wasan model. Kuma haka ne, a cikin model ne ko da yaushe ba gefe (biyu ko fiye), wanda aka fiye da ake kira 'yan wasa.
Duk model da wasu halaye.
batutuwa | Yawan 'yan wasa |
dabarun | Zabuka don yiwu ayyuka |
biyan bashin | Fitowa rikici (nasara ko asarar). |
Game Model za a iya sa su guda biyu ko mahara. Idan muna da biyu batutuwa, da rikici Man, idan more - Mahara. Zaka kuma iya zažar wani antagonistic game, shi ne ake kira mai sifili Naira Miliyan Xari game. Wannan tsari, a cikin abin da riba na daya daga cikin mahalarta ne daidai da asarar wani.
kwaikwaiyo model
A wannan sashe, za mu mai da hankali a kan kwaikwaiyo na ilmin lissafi model. Misalan ayyuka hada da:
- model na ƙarfafa muhimmancin kwayoyin.
- model na kwayoyin, da sauransu.
A wannan yanayin da muke magana ne game da model da suke a matsayin kusa da real tafiyar matakai. By kuma manyan, suka mimic wani abin da ya faru a yanayi. A cikin farko idan, misali, za mu iya canzawa da muhimmancin da yawan tururuwa a cikin wannan mallaka. Yana yiwuwa don tsayar da rabo daga kowane mutum. A wannan yanayin, da ilmin lissafi bayanin amfani da wuya, akwai sau da yawa da aka rubuta sharuddan:
- bayan kwana biyar da mace lays ta qwai.
- kwana ashirin tururuwa mutu, da sauransu.
Saboda haka, kwaikwaiyo model ana amfani da su bayyana wani babban tsarin. Ilmin Lissafi ƙarshe - wani aiki na ilimin kididdiga data.
bukatun
Yana da muhimmanci a san cewa wannan irin model don gabatar da wasu bukatun, daga gare su - suna da aka jera a kan tebur a kasa.
versatility | Wannan yanayin ba ka damar amfani da wannan model a lokacin da ya bayyana wannan irin abu kungiyoyin. Yana da muhimmanci a lura da cewa a duniya a ilmin lissafi model ba ya dogara ne a kan zahirin yanayin da gwajin abu |
adequacy | Yana da muhimmanci a gane cewa dukiyar maximizes daidai haifa da ainihin matakai. A matsaloli na aiki yana da muhimmanci sosai ga dũkiyar ilmin lissafi tallan kayan kawa. Wani misali da wani model na iya zama wani tsari don inganta yin amfani da iskar gas tsarin. A wannan yanayin, idan aka kwatanta da dabara da kuma ainihin Figures, a sakamakon tabbatar da daidaitar da model |
daidaito | Wannan bukata yakan haifar da daidaituwa da dabi'u da cewa muna da a cikin lissafi na ilmin lissafi model da kuma shigar da sigogi na mu real abu |
tattalin arzikin | Da ake bukata domin ya dace da za a gana da duk wani ilmin lissafi model, shi ne halin da kudin aiwatar. Idan aikin ne da za'ayi tare da wani model da hannu, kana bukatar yin lissafi nawa lokaci za a kashe a cikin bayani na wani matsala da taimakon da ilmin lissafi model. Idan ya zo ga kwamfuta-taimaka zane, da fihirisa ana lasafta lokaci da kwamfuta ta memory |
matakai na yin tallan kayan kawa
Yin tallan kayan kawa kawai a ilmin lissafi shi ne m rarrabe hudu, saukarwa.
- Halitta da dokokin haɗa da sassan da model.
- A nazarin ilmin lissafi matsaloli.
- Figuring daidaituwa na msar tambayar da kuma amfani da sakamakon.
- Analysis da kuma sabunta bayanan da model.
Tattalin arziki da kuma ilmin lissafi model
A wannan sashe, za mu takaice haskaka da batun tattalin arziki da kuma ilmin lissafi model. Misalai na ayyuka hada da:
- da samuwar da samar da shirin na yi nama kayayyakin for iyakar riba samarwa;
- Maximizing riba kungiyar ta kirga da ganiya adadin saki na alluna da kujeru a furniture masana'anta, da sauransu.
Tattalin arzikin-ilmin lissafi model wakiltar da wani tattalin arziki abstraction, wanda aka bayyana ta wajen ilmin lissafi sharuddan da alamomin.
Computer ilmin lissafi model
Misalai na kwamfuta ilmin lissafi model ne:
- Na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa matsalar ta hanyar block zane-zane, Charts, Tables, kuma haka a kan;
- ayyuka a kan m makanikai, da sauransu.
Computer model - gunki na wani abu, ko kuma tsarin, ya gabatar a cikin nau'i na:
- tebur.
- kashi.
- Charts.
- graphics, da sauransu.
Bugu da ƙari, wannan model nuna tsarin da kuma tsarin na dangantaka.
A yi na tattalin arziki da kuma ilmin lissafi model
Mun riga ya bayyana cewa, irin wannan tattalin arziki-ilmin lissafi model. Wani misali na warware matsalar da za a tattauna a yanzu. Muna bukatar mu yi wani bincike na samar shirin domin ganewa na reserves kara da riba, a cikin kewayon karfi.
Cikakken la'akari da matsalar, mun ba za kawai gina wani ilmin lissafi da tattalin arziki model. RARRABEWA mu manufofin - riba maximization. Sa'an nan da aiki ne kamar haka: A = P1 + P2 * x1 * x2 ... jinyar ga iyakar. A wannan samfurin, p - ne riba da naúrar, x - shi ne yawan raka'a samar. Bugu da ari, dangane da gina model, shi wajibi ne don yin lissafin, da kuma takaita.
Wani misali na gina wani sauki ilmin lissafi model
Task. Rybak koma da wadannan kama:
- 8 kifi - mazaunan arewacin tekuna.
- 20% na kama - kudancin teku mazaunan.
- daga gida kogin aka iske ba guda kifi.
Nawa kifi ya sayo a wani kantin sayar da?
Saboda haka, wani misali da wani ilmin lissafi model na wannan matsalar shi ne kamar haka. Nuna adadin kifi ga x. Wadannan yanayin, 0.2 × - ne yawan kifi rai a kudancin latitudes. Yanzu mu hada duka samuwa bayanai da kuma samun ilmin lissafi model na matsalar: x = 0.2 × 8 +. Mun warware lissafi da kuma samun wani amsar da babban tambaya: 10 kifi ya sayo a cikin shagon.
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