SvD (bindiga): halayyar. Sighting kewayon SvD

Maharbi bindiga SvD 7,62 ci gaba a 1958-1963 karkashin jagorancin Soviet designers Dragunova E. F. Yana da wani Semi-atomatik makami, ta kayan aiki dogara ne a kan samar da makamashi na foda gas dakatar daga gas fistan huda.

TAMBAYA daga Soviet Soja Encyclopedia

Makasa ake horar da hannayensu, suka yi saku a cikin art na sake kamanni, kallo da kuma marksmanship. iya buga manufa tare da na farko harbi. Hukumance, na farko sharpshooters bayyana a cikin sojan Birtaniya a lokacin yakin duniya na farko. Manufar wadannan mayaka ne don halakar da muhimmanci dabba ba a kanta, bude, kuma masked guda hari bayyana. Yana iya zama maƙiyi makasa, lura, shugabanni da sauransu alaka. A maharbin dauke da makamai a bindiga sanye take da wani musamman gun. Don wuta ta so, kuma equips boye matsayi. A lokacin yakin duniya na II, dukan jam'iyyun don wani makamai rikici suna yadu tura makasa horar da wannan kafa musamman makarantu rike tarurruka da kuma darussa. A Tarayyar Soviet, taro data Mastering da art aka kira maharbi motsi. Bugu da kari, wannan ra'ayi ya zama wani gidan sunan a sakamakon haka suka wãyi gari da aka sani da sharpshooters jirgin sama, manyan bindigogi da kuma tank sojojin.

Maharbi bindigogi suna sanye take da na gani gani, wanda inganta daidaito na yin saiti da kuma samar da kyau kula a wani yanayi. Domin da harbe-harben da dare a kan makami saka dare hangen nesa gani , ko sun hada da wani Tantancewar Grid lighting. Up har da farkon 60-ies karni na karshe a cikin Soviet Army da aka ba qware maharbi bindigogi, da kuma amfani da 'Mosin' bindigogi samfurin 1891/30, duk da haka hanyoyin da yaƙi sun canza, kuma baya kwarewa na gida rikice-rikice da ya kafa wani yawan bukatun da maharbi hali. Saboda haka, wani sabon mataki a cikin ci gaban irin wannan makami. Yanzu muna ci gaba da kuma kerarre karkashin musamman umarni dukan abubuwa daga harsashi da kuma wani na gani gani kuma kammala da wani bindiga.

Tarihi da halittar farko Soviet maharbi bindiga

A shekarar 1958, Tarayyar Soviet ma'aikatar tsaro ta bayar da dabara da kuma fasaha da bukatun ga ci gaban Semi-atomatik maharbi bindigogi 7,62. Babban fafatawa a gasa, a cikin wannan gasar ta zama Izhevsk zanen Dragunov E. F. kuma Kovrov zanen Konstantinov A. Bugu da kari, su samfurori ƙaddamar Simonov SG & D tawagar Kalashnikov MT gabatar da gwaji version of Dragunov bindiga CER-58 iya farko "hadu" a cikin tsauraran sharu hõre ta soja, bayan da akwai wani modified model nE-61. Bayan kamanta gwaje-gwaje na prototypes Konstantinov da Dragunov sanya a yanke shawara a kan al'amurra da wani Dragunov aikin. Saboda haka, SvD bindiga, da halaye na wanda hadu duk da bukatun, ya shiga karfi riga a shekarar 1963, a karkashin alama ce 6V1.

Kowane kadan taimaka ...

Development of sabon ammonium ga bindiga da aka gudanar da Research Institute №61 Sabelnikov V. M., Sazonov PF da kuma Dvoryaninov VN Wannan harsashi da wani harsashi da ciwon karfe core, da aka soma shekaru hudu bayan da ya fi bindigogi ( a 1967) da kuma samu 7N1 index. Ga ci gaban da wani Tantancewar gani PSO-1 amsa Soviet injiniyoyi Ovchinnikov VI da kuma Glyzov L. A. Technology masana'antu daidaici ganga domin wannan bindiga ɓullo da Samoylov I. A. Sau da yawa matsegunta ambaci kamance da kuma AK SvD tsarin, sun lura cewa su ne kusan m zuwa aiki da kai tare da kau da foda gas daga ganga ta gefen bude, rufe na tashar ta juya rufe da wani biyu-aiki ba-atomatik aminci liba. Bugu da ƙari kuma, jawo guduma inji yana da irin wannan siffar da mainspring. Babu shakka, wasu abubuwa da aka aro daga AK, amma SvD bindiga, ba wani kwafin na'ura, mai zaman kanta tsarin, da kuma hujja da wannan ne siffofin da wannan makami, wanda muka gabatar a kasa.

Ban sha'awa da bambance-bambance Dragunov bindigogi, hade da "maharbi", "manufofin

Bari mu dubi abin da ke sa bambanci ne makami tsarin m. SvD-bindiga aron kusa jigilar kaya da aka ba a hade tare da gas fistan wanda (kazalika da pusher) an tsara a matsayin mai raba bangaren tare da kansa sama spring. Sun dauka a fara matsayi bayan datti Frames. Sarrafa kansa motsi bazu a cikin m motsi na mutum sassa. Haka kuma, wannan take kaiwa zuwa wani karuwa a mayar da martani lokaci na inji da kuma rage overall nauyi na da sassa masu motsi tare. Wannan manufa inganta smoothness na atomatik drawdown kuma smoothes da pulsed load. Bugu da kari, taron yana da wani gas sarrafa iskar gas kayyadewa ake bukata don shige da kai-loading inji aiki a wuya aiki yanayi.

rufe inji

A nan Ƙofar bindiga sanye take da wani na'urar da cewa yana da uku tsakaitã lugs. Wannan ya sa na kulle tsari fiye da abin dogara, amma kuma rage kwana na juyawa daga cikin inji. Sauya rike located a gefen dama da kuma an kafa integrally tare da nunin firam. A hade da wannan m tsarin tare da wani haske rufe ne iya samar da sosai m aiki.

The jawo inji

USM Wannan maharbi bindiga ne suka taru a raba hukuma, shi ne iya samar da guda ɗaya kawai wuta. An asali siffa daga cikin inji shi ne don amfani da jawo (ban da ta primary aiki) a matsayin disconnector annabi kuma jawo Pull. Non-atomatik aminci liba kunna tubalan cravings da kuma jawo, kazalika da rufe cutout daga karɓa.

Gado da kuma aiyuka SvD

SvD-bindiga yana da halayyar daraja a cikin butt cewa ta gaban baki Forms bindiga riko. Tsarin siffar damar ci gaba da zama wani makami da hannunsa na hagu, dauke da fitar da harbi da tasha. A cikin butt za a iya a haɗe zuwa wani m unregulated "kunci" da kuma fore-karshen. A fore-karshen da aka kafa ta biyu tsakaitã faranti akwati, wanda da ramummuka ga mafi alhẽri sanyaya bindiga. Gammaye sanye take da spring-saka haka da cewa batu na akwatin support ne a kan axis na ganga. A sakamakon haka, kokarin samar da wani taimaka hannunka bindiga, ba zai tasiri a sakamakon harbi. Bugu da kari, a lokacin da kara elongation sa ta gasa da shi tare da harbi, hannu da dantse motsa gaba kadan. tun da shiga yanayin ba su canja, to, bãbu korar da ake kira tsakiyar aya lamba. Tun da aka kafa, SvD (photo, a cikin wannan labarin, za mu nuna dauke da makamai) shigarsu dama, saukarwa na zamani. A sakamakon haka, wani katako buttstock da handguard aka maye gurbinsu da laminated plywood, wani zamani gyara ta zo da wani roba butt da kuma faranti na gilashi fiber karfafa polyamide baki. Wadannan canje-canje rage nauyin da SvD.

harsasai

Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, SvD size ne 7,62h53. Abinci bindiga sanya na biyu-karfe akwatin m kansu dimbin yawa karkiya wanda damar goma harsashi. Designers kamata la'akari da wuri daga cikin kantin sayar da haka da cewa cibiyar nauyi daga cikin makami da aka sanya a kan shi. A sakamakon haka, amfani da harsasai na da kusan babu sakamako a kan ma'auni na bindiga, ya kuma inganta a kan motsi na nufin batu na tasiri. Domin harbe-harben daga wani maharbi Dragunova amfani, sai dai a kan musamman harsashi 7N1 ma bindiga harsashi 57-H-223 tare da wata hur harsashi da 7T2 Tracer harsashi, da kuma 7B3 da makamai-sokin incendiary cajin da sauransu.

Tantancewar kida

Reticle SvD PSO-1 yana da wani hudu-Musulunci karuwa a wani filin daga view of 6%. Yana sanye take da wani retractable ruwan tabarau kaho da kuma m roba eyecups. Reticle yana da wani babban square, don tsara da harbe-harben a nesa daga sama zuwa daya kilometer, kazalika da karin - 1.1, 1.2 da kuma 1.3 km - da kuma sikelin da a kaikaice gyara. Bugu da ƙari, PCP-1 samar rangefinder sikelin ta amfani da wani sighting kewayon SvD samar da manufa tsawo na 1.7 m (mutum cikakken tsawon adadi) daidaito na 50 mita. Reticle lighting na'urar powered by wani baturi saka a cikin wani na musamman daki a gidaje. A kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta na kyalli farantin an saka, wanda zai iya gane kafofin na infrared radiation. Kamar yadda wani karin inji na'urar amfani - kansu gani lasafta a kewayon 1.2 km da kuma wani daidaitacce gaban gani. PSO-1 kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta bayar da dalilin halittar wani iyali na gani, ciki har da PSO-1 M2. Sighting kewayon SvD tare da wannan tsarin shi ne a cikin kewayon daga 0.1 zuwa 1.3 km. A shekarar 1989, akwai sabon 1P21 na'urorin. Wannan SvD kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta yana da wani m magnification rabo na daga 3 zuwa 9, ta fannin view ne 6 °, bi da bi 11 '- 2 ° 23'. Bugu da kari, da na'urar da damar yin amfani da reticle haske da haske iko.

SvD rifle-: halaye na makamai

A total tsawon na makami ba tare da bayoneti na 1225 mm da ganga tsawon - 620 mm. Weight da lodi mujallar da na gani gani - 4,52 kg. Harsashi - 7,62h53. A farko harsashi gudu ne 830 m / s. Fama rate - 30 akai-akai da minti (quite mai kyau sakamakon, shan la'akari kawai guda da harbe-harben yanayin a SvD maharbi bindiga). Harbe-harben iyaka da telescopic gani ne 1300 mita, da kuma tare da wani inji na'urar - 1200 mita. Magazine iya aiki - 10 akai-akai.

manufa na aiki

Atomatik makami aiki a kan manufa na cire combustible propellant gas ta hanyar wani na musamman bude a cikin ganga. Kulle ta juya kulle inji counterclockwise. Babban bambancin daga kewaye ayyukan kamar yadda Kalashnikov cewa harsashi rammer ana amfani matsayin ƙarin lugs (na uku jere). Wannan yarda, ba tare da musanyãwa da mai gangara girma na rufe da kwana na juyawa, game da rabi sau kara yankin lugs. A sakamakon haka, da uku anga maki samar da wani sosai a barga matsayi na inji, wanda zai iya ba ya shafar da karuwa a cikin daidaito daga wuta. Lokacin da harbe-harben rabo daga propellant gas cewa bi harsashi ta hanyar wani gas nassi a cikin ganga bango gudana a cikin gas jam'iyya da kuma presses a gaban bango na fistan. A sakamakon haka, da fistan tare da plunger da kuma zamewar firam yana jefar da a raya matsayi.

A wannan lokaci, da bude daga cikin huda, da aron kusa tsame cikin hannun riga daga jam'iyya da kuma ejects shi daga mai karɓar. Bayan da cewa, da Ƙofar frame compresses samu bazara da kuma zakaru, watau shi yana sanya mutanena su ka atomatik saki. Bugu da ari, a karkashin mataki na sama inji dukkan tsarin abubuwa suna koma zuwa ga asalin gaban matsayi. Lokacin da rufe za a aika gaba harsashi a cikin ɗakin da mariƙin da makullansu da ta haifa, aron kusa m kawar da annabi tare da cocking jawo saita lokaci da kuma buga ta cocked. Kulle ƙofar tashar ganga ta hanyar juya shi zuwa hagu da kuma saitin lugs cikin tududa da mai karɓar.

Domin sa gaba harbi, saki sa'an nan ja jawo. Bayan ya saki sanda motsa zuwa gaban matsayi da kuma ta da ƙugiya snaps a kan annabi. Ta danna a ƙugiya da ƙugiya rotates annabi, game da shi, disconnects ta cocked da jawo. A karshen, a karkashin mataki na mainspring rotates a kan ta axis, kuma yana da harbe-harben fil, wanda motsa a cikin gaba matsayi da kuma samar da keta kwantena. Ignites da propellant harsashi cakuda, da kuma harbi. Lokacin da na karshe harbi da aka yi, da rufe ne retracted da Feeder mariƙin ta dage har da rufe tasha. Ya ginu ne da kuma firam yana tsayawa a raya matsayi. Yana hidima a matsayin alama kibiya cewa ya kamata load da gun sake.

amfani ra'ayi

Don-hannu fama da IRS za a iya gyarawa bayoneti misali irin (6x4). Ko da yake da wannan sifa a kan maharbi bindiga ne sosai rare da shi ne da wuya zama dole. Duk da haka, ya kamata mu manta da cewa makami an halitta a matsayin wani kayan aiki na kananan commando raka'a, kuma shi ne zamar masa dole ya samar don aikace ko da a cikin melee.

A general, IRS zane, da halaye na wanda kasance quite ban sha'awa, shi ne mai kyau jayayya tsakanin janar fama da maharbi bukatun. Bugu da kari, ya kamata a lura da cewa wannan bindiga ne na farko da sojojin makami zane wanda siffofi da wasanni kayan aiki ne a fili bayyana. Domin 60-70-ies karni na karshe, da SvD yana da matukar high daidaituwa. Experience ya gaya mana cewa tare da wannan maharbi iya buga hari a nesa na da wuya detectable har zuwa mita 800. SvD kewayon raga kamar "haƙarƙari siffar" (50x50 cm) har zuwa 600 mita da kuma "adadi kai" (25x30 cm) - 300 mita.

Battle daukaka

In mun gwada high shahararsa, wannan maharbi bindiga samu lokacin soja rikice-rikice a Afghanistan da kuma Chechnya. Wannan shi ne saboda da high damar da SvD, wanda halaye yarda su ci gaba da m wuta a kan duwatsu. Yana iya a lura cewa babu wanda irin yaƙi ne cikakken ba tare da aiki hannu da makasa, don haka irin wannan makami ya kuma za su zama ko da yaushe a bukatar.

Don kwanan wata, daban-daban gyare-gyare na SvD hada da sojojin fiye da rabin dozin kasashen. Daban-daban zažužžukan da aka bayar a China, Iraki, Romania. Bugu da kari, al'adar mu koyi nuna juna sniping, farauta da wasa da makamai. Bayan duk gina ta amfani da kwarewa da harbi wasanni bindiga SvD da manyan tasiri da kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin tushen da jerin farauta bindigogi kamar "Bear", "Tiger" da kuma OC-18.

SvD maharbi bindiga: Farashin

Novice dayansu sau da yawa tambaye idan za su iya saya makaman yaƙi, musamman bindiga SvD, kamar yadda farauta. Duk da haka, Rasha doka ta haramta sayar da SvD cikin zaman kansa ikon mallakar. Kuma duk da haka akwai wani bayani: a Izhevsk shuka samar bita na asali kofe na fama bindiga Dragunov harbe da kiyayewa. A sakamakon haka, wani sha'awar mutum zai iya saya a kwafin wannan samfurin daidai da bukatun da na bincike gida ma'aikatar cikin iyãkõkin fita a yawa daga sabis da kuma farar hula da makamai. Duk da haka, nan da nan kwantar da hankalin mai karatu - wannan canji ba zai tasiri a aiki da kuma bayani dalla-dalla na bindiga. By da sunan da laqani KO, wanda ke nufin "farauta bindiga". Darajar zuwa SvD ne 62 dubu rubles. Idan mafarauci ba deter da babban price, sai ya sami wani abin dogara, mai iko, lokacin-jarraba babban makamin da zai bauta masa da aminci ga wani shekara guda.

a ƙarshe

Dragunov maharbi bindiga ya tabbatar da kansa a matsayin iko da kuma abin dogara makami, domin shekaru masu yawa ya zauna da kyau a hade makamai model. Duk da haka, da canji, da kara mawuyaci da fadada soja ayyuka da za a warware ta a maharbi a zamani rikice-rikice, da ake bukata da cin gaban sabuwar harbi tsarin da ta fi kyau harbi daidaici, kazalika da wani ra'ayi zuwa kara more dunkule. A gaskiya ma, cikin IRS kuma ba wani maharbi bindiga a cikin zamani ji na lokaci, da manyan haƙiƙa ya ƙara da tasiri kewayon wuta mayakan motorized bindiga rarrabuwa (har zuwa 600 mita). Kuma aka tsara don samar da zama dole wuta support (don kashe da harbe-harben da maki). A wannan connection, SvD da aka ba da ake bukata domin samun iyaka da kuma daidaito na zamani maharbi bindigogi. Saboda haka, duk shan zuwa sabis na sabon bindiga more iko tsarin, da soja ne a ba sauri ba up, kuma daga tabbatar da litattafansu a fadace-fadace. Alal misali, musamman sojojin maharbi bindigogi suna gidajen for 8,61 mm kuma motorized sassa ci gaba da yin amfani da SvD.