Wallafe-wallafe a cikin karni na 19th a Rasha, wakilan da wallafe-wallafen kwatance

Wallafe-wallafe a cikin karni na 19th a Rasha ake dangantawa da m flowering na al'ada. Hawa dutsen da muhimmanci tarihi matakai an nuna a cikin m ayyukan marubuta da kuma kasida. Wannan labarin da aka sadaukar domin da 'yan Golden Age na Rasha adabi da kuma babban kwatance na wannan lokaci.

abubuwan tarihin da

Wallafe-wallafe a cikin karni na 19th a Rasha ta haifar da irin wannan girma sunayen kamar yadda Baratynsky, uba, Zhukovsky, Lermontov, su ɗauko, harshe, Tiutchev. Kuma sama da dukan, Pushkin. Kusa da abubuwan tarihin da aka alama wannan lokaci. A kan ci gaban Rasha litattafan da shayari aka rinjayi da kuma Patriotic War of 1812, da kuma mutuwa daga cikin manyan Napoleon, da kuma goyon baya na rayuwar Byron. Turanci mawãƙi, kazalika da Faransa kwamandan, ya dade da mallakar zukatan neman sauyi shiryayye mutane a Rasha. A tawaye na Decembrists da Rasha-Turkish yaki, kazalika da amo mara sa na Faransa juyin juya halin, don rarraba a duk sassan Turai - duk wadannan abubuwan sun zama mai iko mai kara kuzari daga mafi kyau m ideas.

Duk da yake a cikin kasashen yammaci za'ayi da juyin juya halin Musulunci motsi fara fito fili da kuma ruhu na 'yanci da adalci, Rasha ƙarfafa monarchical ikon, aiwatar da Decembrists da suppressing da tawaye. Yana iya ba zama ba tare da hankalin artists, marubuta da kuma kasida. A adabi na farkon karni na 19th a Rasha - wata gani na tunani da kuma kwarewar da m strata al'umma.

classicism

A karkashin shugabanci na wannan ado fahimtar m style, wanda ya samo asali a Turai, da al'adu a karo na biyu da rabi daga cikin XVIII karni. Babban fasali na shi - yana da rationalism da kuma yarda da m canons. Roko ga tsoho siffofin da ka'idodinta Three anu daban-daban da kuma classicism na karni na 19th a Rasha. Wallafe-wallafe, duk da haka, a cikin wannan m style a farkon karni fara kai su matsayi. Classicism hankali ya maye gurbin irin wannan kwatance a matsayin sentimentalism, romanticism.

Jagora na m magana ya fara haifar da da ayyukansu a sabon nau'o'i. Suka zama mashahuri ayyukansu a cikin style of a tarihi labari, wani romantic labarin, Ballad, Ode, waka, mai faɗi, falsafa da kuma soyayya lyrics.

hakikanci

Wallafe-wallafe a cikin karni na 19th a Rasha ne da farko damuwa da sunan Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina. Kusa da thirties a cikin aikinsa mai karfi wuri shagaltar da idon basira litattafan. Ya kamata a ce cewa kafa wannan wallafe-wallafen motsi a Rasha ne mai suna bayan Pushkin.

Aikin Jarida da kuma satire

Wasu fasaloli na al'adar Turai na 18th karni gaji adabi na karni na 19th a Rasha. A takaice, za ka iya gane babban fasali na shayari kuma litattafan wannan zamani - satirical da aikin jaridar. Kula su nuna mutum mũnãnan ayyuka, kuma kasawan na al'umma gani a ayyukan marubuta wanda Ya halitta ayyukansu a cikin forties. A wallafe-wallafen zargi shi daga baya aka ƙaddara wallafe-wallafen Trend, kawo tare da mawallafa na satirical da aikin jaridar litattafan. "Halitta makaranta" - ya sunan wannan m style, wanda shi ne ma, duk da haka, ya kira wani "makaranta na litattafan Gogol." Sauran wakilan wannan adabi motsi - Nekrasov, Dal, Herzen, Turgenev.

zargi

Akidar "halitta makaranta" tabbatar da sukar lamiri Belinsky. Wadai da kawar mũnãnan ayyuka sun zama da ka'idodin wakilan wannan adabi motsi. A halayyar alama a aikinsu zama zamantakewa al'amurran da suka shafi. Major nau'o'i - muqala, zamantakewa da kuma m labari da wani zaman jama'a labarin.

Wallafe-wallafe a cikin karni na 19th a Rasha ya samo asali a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da ayyukan daban-daban da ƙungiyoyi. Sai ya zama a farko kwata na wannan karni, akwai wani gagarumin Yunƙurin a cikin jaridar filin. A banbanci a kan wallafe-wallafen tsari yana da Belinsky. Wannan mutumin yana da wani matsanancin ikon ji poetic kyauta. Shi ne na farko ya gane talanti ɗaya na Pushkin, Lermontov, litattafan Gogol, Turgenev, Dostoevsky.

Pushkin, kuma litattafan Gogol

Wallafe-wallafe 19-20 karni Rasha zai zama quite daban-daban, da kuma lalle ba haka haske ba tare da wadannan biyu marubuta. Suna da wani gagarumin tasiri a kan ci gaban da litattafan. Kuma da yawa daga cikin abubuwa da suka yi gabatar a cikin adabi, ya zama na gargajiya norms. Pushkin, kuma litattafan Gogol ba kawai ci gaba da irin wannan shugabanci kamar yadda hakikanci, amma kuma ya halicci wani sabon m styles. Daya daga cikinsu - cikin image na "karamin mutum", wanda daga baya an ci gaba ba wai kawai a cikin ayyuka na Rasha mawallafa, amma kuma a waje adabi, da sha tara da ashirin ƙarni.

Lermontov

Wannan mawãƙi ma yana da babba da tasiri a kan ci gaban Rasha wallafe-wallafe. Bayan duk, shi ne halittar irin wannan abu a matsayin "jarumi na lokaci." Tare da hasken hannunka, da shi ya zama ba kawai a cikin adabi, amma kuma a cikin rayuwar al'umma da. Lermontov kuma halarci da ci gaba da salo na m labari.

A dukan lokacin karni na sha tara, sanannun sunaye na talented girma mutane, wanda ya yi aiki a filin na adabi (litattafan biyu kuma shayari). Rasha mawallafa a cikin marigayi karni na sha takwas, ta ɗauki kan isa yabo na wasu daga mu Yammacin abokan aiki. Amma saboda kaifi Jump a ci gaban al'adu da kuma art na Rasha gargajiya adabi a sakamakon shi ya zama wani tsari na girma fi sa'an nan yammacin Turai. The aiki na Pushkin, Turgenev, Dostoevsky da kuma litattafan Gogol ya zama wani ɓangare na duniya al'ada. The ayyukan Rasha marubuta sun zama wani abin koyi, wanda ya dogara daga baya Jamus, Birtaniya da kuma Amirka marubuta.