Voronikhin Architect Andrey Nikiforovich: biography, Construction

Shahararren Rasha m Andrey Nikiforovich Voronihin Ya sanya wani m taimako ga ci gaban m gine. Yana da aka gina don ƙirƙirar musamman image na St. Petersburg. Kuma rayuwar kanta m cancanci sha'awa da mamaki, ya tashi daga serfdom zuwa kotu, ya zauna a gaskiya ga kansa da kuma yanayi.

Family da kuma ƙananan yara,

A. N. Voronihin aka haife shi a kauyen New Usolye Oktoba 17, 1759 da Perm lardin. Mahaifinsa serf na Count A. S. Stroganova. A kwanan nan more sau, na yi tafiya a kusa da Petersburg jita-jita cewa Andrew ne sakamakon wani extramarital al'amarinsu da ƙasar stroganoff Marta. Amma da m ya taba aikatã game da wannan batu, da kuma dukan 'yan'uwansa tantama ƙaryatãwa wannan version. Alexander Stroganov dogon lokaci ne shugaban da Academy of Arts a St. Petersburg, a Estate da dama Arts and Crafts aka raya, akwai da dama nazarinsa. A daya daga cikinsu, a cikin bitar da icon zanen, da kuma nazarin kadan Andrew, wanda jimawa nuna basira domin jawo.

kira

Stroganov keenly lura da talanti mutane da zarar ya lura da yaron ta ikon kasa a cikin iyali. Saboda haka Andrew ya a cikin bitar da Gavrila Yushkova Ilyinsky a cikin kauye, a Tyskorskom sufi. A 1777 Stroganov aika wani yaro ya ci gaba da ilimi a Moscow, inda Andrey Nikiforovich Voronihin karatu zanen. Ya samun wani miniaturist basira, sa'an nan koyo fuskar zanen. Amma wannan lokaci, rabo ya kawo shi zuwa ga manyan gine-ginen na Moscow - V. I. Bazhenovym kuma M. F. Kazakovym. Su rinjayi Voronikhin sha'awar gine. Zanen da ya rage sha'awa, domin shi, kuma mafi damar bayyana ra'ayoyi a gine. A 1778 ya dauki bangare a cikin zanen da Triniti Lavra na St. Sergius a wata tawagar tare da sauran Moscow Masters.

shekaru nazari

A 1779, Count Stroganov transports Voronikhin a St. Petersburg, saboda haka ya iya tafiyar da tsanani a karatu a fagen gine. Ya na zaune a cikin gidan da Count, ya ke abokai tare da dansa Paul. Boys tare sanya da dama tafiye-tafiye zuwa Rasha, ziyartar Moscow, kudu da Rasha, Ukraine, da ziyartar Black Sea Coast. A duka tafiya dade shekaru biyar. Boys musamman kusa da juna, jin kusan 'yan'uwa. Su ilimi da aka yi umurni daga Faransa a kan shawara na Denis Diderot malami - Zhilber Romm. Sun mutane samun din ilimi a kan tarihin, kimiyya, ilmin lissafi da kuma harsuna. Irin wannan ilimi shi ne sananne a Rasha a lokacin.

A 1786, Count Stroganov ba Voronikhin serf da 'yanci, kuma ya kasance kusan kamar wani har yanzu aika Pavel Alexandrovich da Zhilberom Rommom a manyan kasashen waje yawon shakatawa, da za'ayi tare da tallafi daga Count Stroganov. Wannan hanya da samun ilimi na duniya ya kuma hali na 18th karni. Andrew Voronikhin, wanda biography ne a hankali da alaka da iyali Stroganov, tare da Bulus ya ziyarci Jamus, Switzerland, Faransa. Akwai Voronikhin samu gagarumin ilimi na gine-gine, ya bincika yi na Turai, musamman da yawa hours kishin nazarin pantheon a Paris, ya yi mai yawa almara.

Juyin juya halin Musulunci da matasa

Future m Voronikhin da Count Paul Stroganov etched a Paris, inda ya yi karatu gine-gine, makanikai, labarin. Akwai su sami Faransa juyin juya halin. Malam Zhilber Romm matasa an aiki Republican da kuma iya harba su ideas Stroganov, yayin da Voronikhin ya da nisa daga juyin juya halin Musulunci events, ya kasance mafi m na art. Yanã ciyarwa lokaci mai yawa a cikin dakunan karatu, ziyarar gidajen tarihi, kuma tana da Empire style, kuma a karshe ya yarda da su da sha'awar zama m. Sai Bulus da Gilbert suna tsunduma cikin gwagwarmaya. Count A. N. Stroganov gaggawa bukatun matasa mutane zuwa ga mahaifarsa. Romm zauna a Paris, ya zama daya daga cikin juyin juya halin Musulunci shugabanni, ko da wani ɓangare na al'ada, aiki a kan wani sabon kalanda na Jamhuriyar. Daga baya, ya tare da sauran yunkuri guillotined.

A farko matakai a cikin sana'a

A 1790, da m ya kõmo zuwa St. Petersburg, kuma ya zama majiɓinci yanke shawarar cewa ya na shirye tsanani aikin, da kuma amince da shi a sāke gina da kuma wadata gidansa, wanda aka mugun lalace a wuta. A shugaban yakan Voronikhin maimaitawa. Ayyukan rufe wani babban yanki, shi kammala wani library, wani art gallery, cin abinci dakin, ƙofar zauren kuma fa, tã wani ma'adinai hukuma. Tsohon Baroque ado, halitta da Rastrelli, da m na canji a cikin m gargajiya style. Stroganoff ne sosai yarda da ya protege. Voronikhin, gina abin da ya bambanta fayyace salon da kuma tabbatar da kansa a matsayin mai tsanani da kuma m m. Wannan ya bude hanya a gare shi a cikin sana'a.

zama a master

Bayan kammala karatu daga aiki a cikin Stroganov Palace, da m fara shirye-shiryen mayar Voronikhin lambu jadawali a kan Black River, sa'an nan gama da gidan a Estate na Gorodnya. Wadannan manyan ayyuka sun yarda da m kafa kansu a cikin hasashe na zama gine-gine, da ta samu m basira da hankali dauka sana'a ƙarfi ne, kuma amincewa.

Domin colonnades aikin domin na sarki zama a Peterhof Voronikhin ya samu title na Academician na architecture. Tun da farko, a 1797, ya aka bayar da lakabi na Academician na hangen zaman zanen for jerin birane shimfidar wurare, ciki har da ayyukan "Duba gallery a Stroganov Palace," "irin Stroganov cottages", a cikin wanda ya daidaituwa hadawa biyu da kuka fi so craft.

Stroganov Dacha a New Village, halitta Voronikhin ya zama karshe shiri na farko lokacin a cikin m ta aiki. A wannan gini ne riga cikakken bayyane sikelin da ƙarfin iyawa daga cikin m.

Kazan Cathedral

A 1799 a St. Petersburg shi ne a gasar ga aikin na Kazan Church a Nevsky Prospect. Sarkin sarakuna Paul na gaske ya so ya gani a cikin Rasha babban birnin kasar tsari, irin wannan a girma na St. Bitrus a Roma. Mutane da yawa mashawarta gine-ginen ya mĩƙa wuya ayyukan for shawara, amma har yanzu lashe gasar kadan-sani Andrew Voronikhin. Kazan Cathedral aka kafa a 1801, kuma aka gina domin shekaru 10. The aikin ya ci gaba da organically Palladian style, wanda ci gaba a Rasha Charles Cameron. Voronikhin hada kai tare da Turanci m, kuma a nan gaba gare shi, a fadar umarni. Kyawawa kama da babban coci a Roma kai m amfani semicircular colonnade, wanda aka bayyana a cikin prospectus Neva. Grand tsari ya zama daya daga cikin mafi asali gine-gine a Rasha. Duk da cewa da aikin a kan halittarsa rikitarwa yanki na gazawar, kazalika da rashin kudi, wanda ake bukata m canje-canje a cikin gama na babban coci. The coci da aka tsarkake a cikin 1811, a wannan shekara marubucin na aikin da aka ba da Order of St. Anne da hakkin ya sami fensho daga jihar taskar.

A dutsen Institute

A 1803 Voronikhin fara aiki a kan na biyu mafi muhimmanci a rayuwarsa aikin - ginin Mining Cibiyar. Alexander na kafa kafin m fuskantar aiki - don ƙirƙirar wani gini, a cikin abin da 'yan kasashen waje zai yi hukunci da yawa daga cikin Rasha jihar. A. N. Voronihin zayyanawa wani gini a ka fi so Greek style, amma ba kai tsaye kwafa tsoho gine-gine, da kuma haifar da wani zamani misali game da shi. Grand portico da ginshiƙai ba ginin wani muhimmanci na musamman da kuma yawa. Ƙarfafa ra'ayi biyu manyan sculptural kungiyar "Hercules da kuma Antaeus" da "Fyade da Proserpine" Rasha sculptors. Rasha Empire a cikin wannan gini na aiwatuwa a cikin mafi kyau fasali. Bugu da kari da na waje ke zayyanawa Voronikhin m cibiyoyin ado, bada muhimmanci ga daki-daki. A majestic gini da Doric ginshikan daidaituwa kammala abun da ke ciki Vasileostrovsky yawo da ya gani na sikelin da Winter Palace so. Yin wani Extended portico ne daya daga cikin mafi m gine-gine Concepts a lokacinsa.

Petersburg bayani Voronikhin

A layi daya tare da aikin a kan Kazan Cathedral m Voronikhin kaiwa da dama ayyukan a Pavlovsk, wanda ya gina shahararrun Pink babban tanti, gina gadoji da kuma gine-gine da dama domin daban-daban dalilai. Voronikhin ne marubucin da Italian Pavilion, da dama cascades da colonnades a Peterhof. Ya kuma daukawa fitar da zaman kwamitocin, musamman ministan aiwatarda da maimaitawa na gidajen da za a ba a cikin Palace Embankment, aiki a gidajen stroganoff iyali qasaita Golitsyn gini ɗakin sujada. Jagora dauki bangare a cikin halittar Mint a cikin Bitrus da Bulus sansanin soja, tsara marmaro a kan Dutsen Pulkovo.

manyan gidãje

A 1803, m Voronikhin hannu da maimaitawa na tsakiyar gini na fada a Pavlovsk. Maria Feodorovna amintacce m, ya trims ta Apartment a cikin Winter Palace, don haka shi ya dogara da dandano da sanya shi cikin manyan m of Pavlovsk. Voronikhin gaba daya reschedules yi, Yãna halitta kayayyaki ga zanen ceilings. Kusan lokaci guda, da m aiki a kan wani remake na fada Sheremetev a kan Fontanka. Suna so ne su haifar da wani ciki a cikin gaye gargajiya style, da kuma Voronikhin taimake su a cikin wannan. Ya halitta a fili dakunan taro na babban yawan mutane.

Wani gagarumin aiki ne na m - ne da Konstantinovsky Palace a Strelna. Gininsu, ya karfi da nĩƙaƙƙun tun lokacin Peter Mai girma, da kuma mai ba da umurni a kiyaye da bayyanar, amma sabunta hanyoyin ciki. Voronikhin gaba daya sake shirya ciki ado, tsara ciki a Empire style, da kuma directed da aikin a kan aikin. Duk da haka, a cikin 1803 a wuta kusan gama halakar da gama, kuma da wadannan maimaitawa na riga cajin zuwa wani m.

sirrinka

Andrew Voronikhin (1759-1814) ya rayu mai ban sha'awa rayuwa, tare da wata babbar workload a wurin aiki, da ya gane, kuma a cikin rayuwar iyali. Back a 1801 da m ya auri 'yar wani English fasto Meri Lond, ko Maria Feodorovna a Rasha hanya. Ta kasance farkon mai governess a cikin gidan na stroganoff amma sai draftsman da kuma aiki domin shekaru 10 tare da ubangijinsa. Bride ki canza addini, da aure Voronikhin ya tattara da yawa daga takardunku. Bayan bikin aure matasa biyu zauna a gidansa na kansa. The biyu da aka haife 'ya'ya maza shida, amma kusan duk sun rayu tsawon, a yau zuriyarsa Voronikhin bar. Architect yawa da kuma aiki tukuru cikin kayayyakin lokaci na son zuwa cin, karanta da yawa.

Gamawa na hanyar, da memory

Architect mutu Fabrairu 21, 1814. Aka binne shi a babbar makabarta na St Petersburg, da Alexander Nevsky sufi. A nasa Kabarin wanda aka nuna da silhouette daga cikin zuriyar da Kazan Cathedral - babban gini na m.

'Yan gine-gine Voronikhin tsira. Amma biyu daga cikin babban Masterpieces har yanzu ado Petersburg. Har ila yau, tsira da wasu daga ta ciki da kuma da dama daga ayyukan da cewa ba wani ra'ayi da ikon da basira. Zane-zane Voronikhin adana a cikin hermitage kuma Rasha Museum, kazalika a cikin tarin da Academy of Arts.

ƴan Voronikhin

Rasha Empire samu a cikin ayyukansu na mafi cikakken embodiment Voronikhin. Sai almajiransa suka ci gaba kasuwanci malami, wasu a zahiri. Saboda haka, maimakon Andrei Mikhailov ya rene jagoranci da shiri na Kazan Cathedral. A cikin hakkin mallaka gine-gine Mikhailov haka hadisai Voronikhin. A mafi nasara na ta yi shi ne da coci na St. Catherine a kan Vasilevsky Island. A sauki da kuma ladabi da zane Voronikhin tsara a cikin style. Wani dalibi - Denis Filippov - zauna a cikin tarihi na gine-gine a matsayin marubucin na Academy of Sciences gidaje a Vasilevsky Island, wanda kuma yana da hankula fasali na Voronikhin Empire. The uku gagarumin bin da almajiri daga cikin m - Petr Plavov - aka sani da mahaliccin Obukhov asibitin Zagorodny Prospekt da matakala Kwamitin Amintattu. Wadannan ayyukan suna kuma tsara a cikin wani gargajiya style ciyar Voronikhin.