A m na Cathedral of St. Bitrus. Manyan m na Cathedral of St. Bitrus

St. Bitrus - daya daga cikin mafi girma da Kirista majami'u a duniya. Wannan wuri an dauke su da tsarki, saboda Vatican ne cike da tsarki sauran kaya da kuma tunawa Tsarin.

game da Majalisar

Roma - daya daga cikin tsofaffin birane a duniya tare da wani arziki tarihi da kuma ban mamaki gine. A kowace shekara a babban birnin kasar Italiya, yawon bude ido zo daga ko'ina a cikin duniya ganin gani na birnin. Daya daga cikin shahararrun wurare - St. Bitrus Basilica a Roma.

The gine na wannan gini aka karin farko wurin: wata babbar fili Dome, ginshikan da tsayi obelisk a tsakiyar square ... All wannan ya dubi grand da kuma ban sha'awa. An Rufe, wuri mai tsarki ga dukan Kiristoci - Vatican - dage labulen halin asiri, kyale su zama a cikin daya daga cikin sassa da dama na Haikalin.

Wane ne m na Cathedral of St. Bitrus? Ya kasance ba shi kadai, suka sukan canza, amma cewa bai daina haifar da wani kyakkyawan ginin, wanda aka dauke su batun na duniya al'adu. A wuri inda Paparoma zaune - babban fuska na duniya na addinin Kirista - zai kasance kullum daya daga cikin mafi girma da kuma mafi mashahuri a cikin matafiya. A halattar da kuma muhimmancin wannan haikali domin 'yan Adam ba za a iya overemphasized.

St. Bitrus waje

Ginin da za a iya gani a yau, da cikakken tunani ta hanyar da m na Cathedral of St ..
Peter - Michelangelo.

Sculptural kungiyar a kan facade da haikalin - mafi girma halittar mafi kyau Masters Italiya. Peering a hankali, za ka iya ganin cewa wadannan high mutum-mutumi, dake nuna Yesu Almasihu, Ioanna Krestitelya kuma Manzanni. Obelisk kusa da Haikalin, ma, na da ma'anar. A wani hanya shi ne ake kira da "allura", kuma an yi imani da cewa a gindi daga tokar Yuliya Tsezarya.

Colonnade, ganging up a garesu na babban coci - shi ne ma wani muhimmin ɓangare na gine-gine. Yana da aka gina a kan aikin daya daga cikin gine-ginen da Cathedral of St. Bitrus -. Bernini. A saman colonnade ne jerin daya ɗari da arba'in da mutummutumai tsarkaka. Daga cikin su - wani gagarumin yawan mata. Su duk kalle St. Bitrus Square daga tsawo na ɗan ɗakin.

Kafin ƙofar tsaye wani mutum-mutumi na St. Paul - wata alama ce tafi sculptors, gudanar da wata a layi daya tsakanin ƙofar zuwa Aljanna, kuma ƙofar zuwa cikin Cathedral.

St Bitrus: tarihi, description

Tarihi na gine-gine cike da asirai da kuma ta asĩri. Abin baƙin ciki, da Cathedral of St. Bitrus - a gwada sabon haikali idan aka kwatanta da sauran wuraren yin tsafin na Turai. A daya da ta wanzu a yau, sun fi mayar daban-daban daga na babban coci, aikin mai gine-ginen da sculptors.

A haikalin suke da yawa abubuwan tarihin. A harsashin Haikalin kuma na farko da Basilica da aka gina a lokacin zamanin mulkin Constantine, kuma a shekara ta 800 ya faru da sa kambi na Sarkin Franks, kuma Lombards Karla Velikogo, wanda da farko ya koma Faransa ƙasar.

A lokacin ta zama tsarin ginin da aka kona, kuma a mayar da sake sau da yawa gine-ginen. Mutane da yawa kokarin da aka yi don sake gina St. Bitrus Basilica. Wurare masu tsarki na Roma, ga abin da aminci sa masu ziyarar a kowace shekara - kusan dukkan su suna nan.

Wannan wuri ne da muhimmanci musamman ga dukan na Kirista duniya: a nan za ka iya ziyarci dakin inda kaya daga Manzo Bitrus.

Michelangelo

A tarihin Ikilisiya ne don haka mai girma cewa yana da wuya a amsa tambaya: "Abin da suke da babban gine-ginen daga cikin manyan magina na Cathedral of St. Bitrus?" Wannan ginin da ya gani daban-daban artists, sculptors da kuma gine-ginen, amma yi da gaske da muhimmanci abubuwa ne kawai 'yan.

Mutane da yawa sun yi kokarin haifar da wani aikin kamar Cathedral of St. Bitrus a Roma. Michelangelo Buonarroti - manyan m na coci, wanda taimako ga ta yi ya sosai gagarumin. Ya aka hayar da daya daga cikin mafi m iyalai a Florence - da Medici. A m na Cathedral of St. Bitrus, wanda aka a baya a shirya ya yi Dome a cikin nau'i na elongated giciye. Amma godiya ga wani shiri na Michelangelo Dome yana da wani mai siffar zobe siffar. Kamar yadda shugaba m na Cathedral of St. Bitrus, da artist halitta zane-zane da kuma sculptures ga coci. Ba da da ewa, daya daga cikin wakilan da Medici iyali da aka zabe Paparoma. Sabon zabe Leo X nada Michelangelo, yanzu a hukumance, shugaban m na Cathedral.

An ban sha'awa al'amari ne cewa babban sculptor da kuma zane-zane Buonarroti dogon lokaci ƙi yin aiki a kan gine-gine irin wannan aikin, a matsayin St. Bitrus Cathedral. Michelangelo, duk da haka, sai duk da haka sun amince da halin canza ra'ayin yi.

Sassaka da kuma ragowar da Manzo Bitrus ya

Statue of Manzo Bitrus - da main janye daga Cathedral. A sassaka alama biyu matsananci da marabtar. Bugu da kari, an dauke su kasance da tsarki. Akwai wani hadisin: ziyarci babban coci, shi ne ya zama wajibi a taba ƙafa na adadi. An yi imani da cewa bayan da ruhu na da Manzo Bitrus ya bari tafi wani mutum duk zunubansa. A zuciya na daya wanda ya taɓa sãwãyensu dole ne su kasance da tsabta, ko idan mutum ya yi mai yawa dadi ba. Kowace rana, so zuwa taba da marmara ƙafafun tsarkaka sosai cewa masu tsaron gidan kayan gargajiya wajibi ne daga lokaci zuwa lokaci zuwa Yaren mutanen Poland ta surface.

Duk da haka, mafi tsarki dauke sauran wurare. An located karkashin kasa. Wannan vault, wanda ke rike da kaya daga tsarkaka. A shafi tare da ragowar manzo Bitrus kuma, bayan wanda aka mai suna da Cathedral - mafi muhimmanci na dukan haikali gidan kayan gargajiya. Manyan m na Cathedral of St .. Bitrus Ya halitta a lõkacin saukarsa a cikin crypt. Yana kama da wani tsãni zuwa jahannama, amma, daga baya, kowa da kowa yana biya da hankali ga ragowar - da kwarangwal na tsarkaka. A crypt shi ne quite duhu, wanda halitta a gabar wani duniya.

Dome Cathedral

The Dome na St. Bitrus Cathedral - daya daga cikin mafi girma a Turai. Ya yana goyan bayan da hudu m ginshiƙai, ado da moldings da kuma sculptures.

Ginshiƙai suna located loggia, inda a baya adana kayayyakin tarihi. A karkashin kowane kaya daga cikin m gina wani mutum-mutumi na saint.

Sassaka na St. Andrew - wani mutum wanda ya ke rike da itace katakanta da ƙãra zuwa sama. A kan fuskarsa - nuna zafi da wahala.

Wani mutum-mutumi - Saints Sarauniya Helena. Ta riko da wani babban giciye - wata alama ce da bangaskiya. Ta biyu hannun directed zuwa cikin viewer, fuskarsa a kwantar da hankula da kuma zaman lafiya.

Quite a daban-daban yanayi wuce da mutum-mutumi na St. Veronica. A matsayinta - da muhimmancin motsi. Saint Veronica riko da katunan a hannunsa, wanda ya yi da Yesu, cewa ya goge fuskarsa. Ta zama kamar wannan kaɗai a hannunsa, kuma ta fuska a cikin wani magana - arfi, kuma amincewa. Fourth ciwon adorns da mutum-mutumi na Saint Longinus. Tsarki ya dubi alarmingly mai tsanani, a cikin daya daga masa hannu - mashi. A daya hannun kara zuwa gefe. Matsayinsa za a iya karanta fushi, da ƙishirwa da ãdalci.

A bene na tombstones. Sassaka "Musa"

Cathedral of St. Bitrus a Roma, kuma ya headstone - mafi m, a dukan haikali. Its fasalin kunshi a cewa a daya zauren bene Cathedral ne jerin gravestones.

Lokacin da ka taka a kai, za ka ji wani m tashin hankali, nufi da tsarki da kuma dangane da Allah.

Tu Haikali - mai yawa frescoes, mosaic alamu a kan benaye, ceilings, ganuwar ... ko'ina kewaye da high art - siffar Littafi Mai Tsarki da labaru.

Musa sassaka - daya daga cikin fi so inda ake nufi domin yawon bude ido. Wannan mutum-mutumi, dake nuna Tsohon Alkawali gwarzo wanda ya jagoranci jama'arsa daga hamada da kuma zama babban mai ceto ga Kiristoci. A folds rigarsa, gyara man fuska magana, tataccen hannu tsokoki ji da tashin hankali, alhakin dukan bil'adama. A matsayinsa - shirye na naushe na rabo, da marmarin adawa da dutse. Bushy gemu kera haka idon basira da cewa alama, kamar dai shi ne hakikanin gashi. Yana bada Musa abar look, wanda a lokacin ya sa shi ko da tsoro.

Sculptures dama hanya

Shahararren marmara Pieta, Michelangelo halitta da hannunsa - a duniya fitacciyar. Sassaka a matsayin idan da rai, shi ya sa imbued tare da ji na baƙin ciki, shiru da baƙin ciki daga cikin mutuwa Almasihu. A folds na masana'anta, m fuska da Virgin Mary - shi duka ya dubi haka idon basira da cewa alama kamar yadda idan aka shawo kan da yawa ƙarni, ba zato ba tsammani ya bayyana a cikin daki, kuma mun kawai ya zama involuntary kallo na bala'i. St. Mary ta eyelids saukar da, ta rufe idanunta a cikin baƙin ciki. A matsayi na Kristi - shafi gazawan. Wannan sassaka - wani karfi psychologically da haushi - an halicce shi a tsawon shekaru, da kuma wata 'yar alamar kuskure zai iya haifar da asarar tsari da kuma dukan ra'ayin. Duk da haka, da master Michelangelo sanya ta ita da taushi da kuma bakin ciki da cewa ta dubi da rai da gaske.

Kusa da Kabarin Pieta ne Matilda na Tuscany, ado da wani sassaka mace warrior kuma da dama Cupids a ƙafafunta. Wannan aiki na gwaninta da aka yi da sculptor Bernini.

A Sistine Chapel

Daya daga cikin shahararrun frescoes art - halitta da Michelangelo Sistine Chapel. A wannan lokaci ne mafi girma a cikin sikelin hoto je kallon wasan da most babban coci a duniya - da Cathedral of St. Bitrus. A wannan lokaci shugaban Kirista da aka Julius II. Ya gayyaci matasa Michelangelo yi da aiki. Ya ya ba da isasshen basira a cikin zanen, amma ya amince da ya tafi aiki. Yau, domin bincika daki-daki, mural bukatar fiye da sa'o'i biyar. A iri-iri na Lines na masana'anta folds a cikin mutane da kuma Littafi Mai Tsarki da labaru na kama da ba da damar duba bãya. Za ka iya gani da kuma Almasihu a kan gicciye, da kuma al'amuran daga Tsohon Alkawali ... Alal misali, halittar duniya, da halittar Adam da Hauwa'u, da rabuwa da ruwa daga ƙasar, ga fitar da mutane daga Aljanna, hadayar da Nuhu, da tsoratar da Delphic Sibyl, da annabawa ...

A kusurwoyin ɗakin sujada ne tsoho sassa daga cikin Littafi Mai Tsarki: Dauda da Goliath, The tagulla maciji, Judith da Halofanesa, azãba Haman.

Chapel aka mayar da sau da yawa, amma bai rasa ta kyakkyawa da mutunci da abun da ke ciki.