Volga: Yawan jama'a da kuma Tattalin Arziki

Volga - mai girma Rasha kogin, shi ya zama wata alama na kasar mu. Game da ta hada songs, shi ya zama mai hali a tãtsũniyõyin, epics, tãtsũniyõyin da kuma wallafe-wallafen ayyukansu. A wurin da kyakkyawa da shimfidar wurare, siffatawa babban jijiya na Turai Rasha, rai na kowane Bakan'ane mai cike da farin ciki da salama. The yawan da Volga yankin da aka hada da mutane na daban-daban al'ummai da suke zaune tare da kuma aiki gama ɗaukakar su yankin da kuma dukan na Rasha.

hoary tsufa

Rasha Volga zama a lokaci daya: daga lokacin da tarihi mai nisa a ranar da bankuna tushen hãlãyensu ilimi kabilu, wanda sun zama 'yan asalin cikin Volga yankin. Yawan jama'a sun Bulgars, Cumans, mangolawa, Khazars, da kuma sauran wakilan Asian al'ummai. Archaeological sami kaifin shaida ga babban matakin da Volga wayewa da ƙarni. Yana kuma sami wani wuri domin karfi maki a kan ta hanyar da West m hordes na Astrakhan Khanate kuma Golden taro. An muhimmin tarihi milestone shi ne lokacin da Astrakhan da Kazan Khanate. Rasha jama'ar na Volga fara kara hanzari tare da fadada da kan iyakoki na Rasha. A farko birane a kan bankunan na kogin ya fara Samara, kafa a 1586, sa'an nan Tsaritsyn (1589) da kuma Saratov (1590). Kuma tun da biyu da rabi na XVI karni, fara aiwatar da mulkin mallaka na Volga asashe. Su suna janyo hankalin zuwa Rasha autocrats m kifi da ƙasa albarkatun, kazalika da muhimmiyar a geopolitical sharuddan, yana kokarin located, kyale don sarrafa Asia da Turai cinikayya hanya.

agrarian yankin

Har tsakiyar XIX karni na Volga ƙasashe bauta a matsayin dalilin da ci gaban harkokin noma. Local kasa damar zuwa girma da kyau amfanin gona, kifi dũkiya ya incalculable, da gandun daji na tsakiyar band sun zama real taska domin kera, ya sallama su kayayyakin dukkan sassan da daular. Gidãjen Aljannar zama maroki daga cikin mafi girma ciniki da kamfanoni, da kuma ko da teburin sarki. A cikin rabi na biyu na karni XVII jama'ar na Volga yankin da aka supplemented kuma Ya wadãtar da baƙi daga Jamus, bisa gayyatar da Catherine mai girma don inganta alƙaluma hoto na gefen kuma aron Turai noma fasahar. Noma, kafin juyin juya halin da ya ci gaba da zama wani muhimmin tushen samun kudin shiga na kowane daga cikin lardin taskar. Yawa a nan ya hleborobstvo, da dabbobi, da kuma, ban da kome, kuma ko da ma'adinai da gishiri. Ukrainian jama'ar na Volga yankin da aka a wasu kananan hukumomi har zuwa 7% na jimlar da aka gabatar "Chumak" zaunar a nan, da cewa shi ne mai sana'a maroki na tebur gishiri, don haka muhimmanci da kuma wanda bai isa ba a lokacin da samfurin. Yau, Little Rasha sunayen ba nadiri.

masana'antu albarku

A cikin karni na sha tara marigayi, da yawan jama'a da kuma tattalin arzikin da Volga yankin sun halartar manyan canje-canje saboda da babu makawa samun lokacinta na juyin juya halin masana'antu. A daular aka gina, ta bukata sumunti, da kuma a cikin Saratov yankin sun manyan samar da kayan. Suka ci gaba da shuke-shuke, suna bukatar karfe inji - da kuma alhãli kuwa bututu inji kayan aiki Enterprises Tsaritsyn. Volga an ƙara zama muhimmanci a kasar kai tashar - a Nizhny Novgorod Sormovo masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa gina. A cikin rabin ko biyu shekarun da suka gabata, masana'antu yuwuwar na yankin ya karu da sau da dama a kan. A yankunan karkara jama'ar na Volga yankin rũgũguwar fita zuwa cikin birni, fara wata halitta ga industrially raya ƙasashe aiwatar da urbanization. Juyin juya halin da kuma tarzomar, yakin basasa, bi da wani m yunwa, ragae saukar da ci gaban da yankin, amma ba ga tsawo. Volga yuwuwar ya sosai high.

yunwa

A yakin basasa ya kawo gaya wahalhalu zuwa gefen. Yawan jama'a da kuma tattalin arzikin da Volga yankin sun ki a sakamakon fadan da tausayi da manufofin abinci requisitioning za'ayi da Bolsheviks a ko'ina cikin kasar. A 1921, a yankin na yunwa, ya dada tabarbare shi fari, wanda ya kai ga amfanin gona gazawar. Ya shafa sun miliyan biyar mutane, tana nufin duk zamantakewa kungiyoyin da kasashe da suke zaune a gefen. Yawan jama'ar na Volga yankin a lokacin da aka miliyan 25 mutane. Saboda haka, daga sawwaƙe yunwa kashe daya a cikin biyar mazauna kwanan m yankin na daular. Kai tsaye ba azabtar da masifa ta Ukrainian peasantry da hõre daidai da m aka rarraba ƙarƙashin inuwar na yunwa taimako. Wajen echelons na abinci ya tafi jiragen kasa, ta cika da Red Army yaqi daga shafa yankunan. Lenin bukaci ka kira a cikin Red Army Volzhan miliyan.

Shirya su Bolsheviks yi yaƙi da yunwa, qwatar coci dukiya, da kuma ƙazantar da Haikalin. Babban taimako fassara da waje kungiyoyi. By 1921, da yunwa ya zama kasa m, amma da sakamakon shafi na dogon lokaci.

tsakanin wars

A interwar lokaci, noma gefuna raya bisa ga yarda kau da shirin. A lokacin da shekaru biyar da tsare-tsaren da aka gina ikon shuka, gina Enterprises haske masana'antu. Yadu yi amfani da matsayin wasiyya da tsarist gwamnatin (wasu daga sa'an nan aza masana'antu aiki zuwa wannan rana). Da yawa da hankali da aka biya don kiwon makarantu a kotoryhy shirya sabon proletarian cadres. Halaye na jama'ar na Volga yankin ba za a iya watsi da - akwai bukatar a mai nauyi kasa siyasa, wanda ke bukatar wani musamman m, a kowane hali. Kamar yadda wani misali, irin ayyukan iya haifar da kafa jamhuriyar na Volga Jamus, wanda ya wanzu daga shekarar 1923 zuwa 1941.

Da taki ya kara cigaba a wannan yankin a lokacin yaki. A Volga yankin da aka kwashe, da yawa daga cikin yankunan na samarwa, da kama Nazi mamaye. Yawancin wadannan kamfanonin sun zauna a nan, da kuma bayan nasarar.

Development ma samu da kuma sinadaran man fetur masana'antu.

Bunkasa masana'antu da kuma ma'aikata

a kan Volga masana'antu kokarin bada sakamakon. Na goma motocin samar a cikin ƙasa, bakwai da aka samar a kan bankunan na babban Rasha River (Ulyanovsk da Tolyatti). More suna fadin harkokin tare da manyan motoci, amma kowane goma - shi ne ma ba ma kadan. A birnin Engels (Saratov yankin) aiki mai iko Trolleybus Shuka. A yankin yana da cikkaken kewayon kasuwanci, masana'antu matsananci-madaidaici kayayyakin Instrumentation (ciki har da tsaron). Jirgin sama da kuma inji kayan aiki masana'antu kuma gabatar tsanani. A jama'ar na Volga yankin - tushen Ƙwararren ma'aikaci ne, da shirye-shiryen da ake da hannu a dama manyan cibiyoyin ilmi. A mutunta mutane da yawa da yankin na fafatawa da irin wannan ci gaba na masana'antu yankunan matsayin Urals kuma Tsakiya.

yau

Volga yankin a yau - a sararin ɓangare na ƙasar Rasha (fiye da 6% na dukan yankin), wanda ya hada da yanki, conventionally kasu kashi uku kungiyoyin:

1. Verhnevolzhskie: Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Ivanovo, Kostroma da Yaroslavl..
2. Tsakiyar: Samara da Ulyanovsk, kazalika da Jamhuriyar Chuvashia, Tatarstan, kuma Mari El.
3. Nizhnevolzhkie: Samara, Ulyanovsk, Volgograd da Saratov da Jamhuriyar Kalmykia da Tatarstan.

Su ne bangare na biyu na tarayya gundumomi (Volga da kuma Kudancin).

Miliyan 17 Russia da suke zaune a yankin.

The yawa na yawan na Volga yankin ne musamman iri-irin, shi ne sau uku fi na kasa talakawan (31 mazaunan / sq. Km.), Amma sosai kananan a Jamhuriyar Kalmykia - kawai 4.3 mutane / sq. Km. km.

National abun da ke ciki shi ne na musamman: akwai rayuwa 16% na Tatars, 5% Mordovtsev da Chuvash, gabatar da kuma sauran al'ummai, amma mafi yawansu duk Rasha - har zuwa 70%.

A Volga yankin 90 birane, uku daga wanda - "miliyan daya" (Samara, Kazan kuma Volgograd). Kila a cikin gaba 'yan shekaru da suka za a shiga Saratov.

Yawan girma ne halin da wani babban kudi, amma don wani babban har wannan ne saboda da manyan yawan yan gudun hijirar. Edge ne mai kyau sosai, ya annabta kyau al'amurra, da kuma zo nan don m wurin zama bisa ga yarda.