M - sume, shi ..

A ra'ayin na sume, a matsayin wani ɓangare na dabi'ar mutum, a tarihin falsafa da kuma kimiyya da bincike samo asali ne tun kafin a haifi gargajiya psychoanalysis. Duk da haka, shi ya Zigmund Freyd ya tabbatar da ra'ayin mamayar sume Tsarin da mutum ke tunani a kan m tsarin (kuma ba sabanin haka ba, kamar yadda aka dauke a baya), ta haka ne yin juyin juya hali a cikin tarihi na m tunani. Tare da ci gaban psychoanalytic ideas mutum, kiyasta su zama kamar wani mutum, daga mahangar aiki da kuma cin gashin, ba zato ba tsammani da dama a karkashin dogaro da nasu tsoro, gidaje da kuma, mafi mamaki, dabba gabbai. Haka kuma, duk da dukan juyin matakai da kuma fasaha ci gaba, 'yanci da qwaqwalwa ne qwarai aiki na mutum ko da yaushe za iyakance zuwa wasu halitta motsa jiki, da ake kira sõmamme.

Shafi tunanin mutum da aiki a cikin psychoanalysis

All shafi tunanin mutum aiki da mutum a cikin psychoanalysis an dauki cikin sharuddan 3-matsayi:

1. Topical hali (qwaqwalwa ne qwarai hali tsarin) tsaye uku duniyoyin da shafi tunanin mutum aiki - a m, a some, kuma preconscious.

2. Dynamic matsayin (motsi, ci gaba da qwaqwalwa ne qwarai makamashi): da repressed ɓangare na sume shafi tunanin mutum aiki daukan kan hali.

3. Tattalin (ciyarwarsu / rashin daidaituwa da tsarin): canzawar matakai da shafi tunanin mutum danniya / shakatawa, dangane da manifestations na Sha'awa Da kuma Karfina don ya tarye su.

Tare da tunani da sume a cikin wadannan makarantu da yayi suna dauke al'amurran kamar rawar da sume a kan aiwatar da shafi tunanin mutum da aiki; iyakar iko sani na sume. Bambantawa na sakamakon mataki na sume a kullum da cutar, da sauransu. D. Babban amfani da duk m trends, mayar da hankali a kan binciken na tambaya na abin da yake tulin shafi tunanin mutum da bangaren ne a high estimation na ta muhimmanci kan aiwatar da mutum rayuwa, kazalika da warware matsalolin da dangantaka da wannan tsarin, ba da "yakar" tare da ita ko ta "tarewa", kuma ta hanyar da zurfin bincike da ke cikin dokokinsa.

A overall tsarin hali

Game da tsarin da hali, da sume ne babban juzu'in tsakiya na psyche (wanda shine tushen qwaqwalwa ne qwarai da makamashi domin dukan shafi tunanin mutum da ayyuka na magana), kuma ya ƙunshi wani tsarin na musamman gidaje da dukiyoyi na mutum, shi yana karɓa a haihuwa. Freud designates wannan tsarin kamar yadda Id (Yana). Bugu da kari ga sume hali tsarin sa m Izza (I) da kuma super, superego (superego).

A Ilhamin sume tsarin

A zuciya na sume, Freud bambanta gabbai cewa za a iya sawa a matsayin wani jiki yanayi (da bukatar) da kuma m (zũciyõyinsu). Bi da bi, gabbai tsarin qunshi hudu aka gyara - manufa, Madogararsa bugun jini abu. Dalilin da ilhami da nufin saduwa (ko weakening) na da bukatun / sha'awõwinsu. abu ne da wani abu (mataki), gamsarwa da bukatar / so. Yana abubuwa a matsayin bugun jini da makamashi (ikon ƙarfin lantarki) dole saduwa da bukatar / so. Alal misali, magana na ilhami (as kashi sume) - wannan zai iya zama wani mutum halinsa, m:

- source: m bukatun (saboda dehydration).

- abu: da zama dole ruwa, kazalika da ayyuka don samun shi.

- haƙiƙa: yin kawar da ƙishirwa (daga physiological ra'ayi - kau / rage daga cikin irin ƙarfin lantarki jawo dehydration).

- lokacinta: da makamashi, da girma tashin hankali da nufin gamsarwa ƙishirwa.

Shafi tunanin mutum da rashin daidaituwa a cikin tsarin na "m - sume"

Synonymous tare da wannan rashin daidaituwa ne manufar rikici. Yana auku saboda da incompatibility na da bukatun da Id da Izza. Ayyukan m shafi tunanin mutum da bangaren iya keta a lokuta inda tasirin da take da aka fara da wani sume bangaren. Wannan adawa tsakanin sani da kuma yin suma ba a gane hali Dalili na gargajiya psychoanalysis ne ra'ayin irreducibility na tunani to sani. An yi yunkurin gano sume ɓangare na psyche - da sõmamme.

Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na psychoanalytic makaranta na m shafi tunanin mutum da bangaren wakiltar kawai sosai karamin sashi na shi (da tip na dutsen kankara), da sume - ne da rinjaye shafi tunanin mutum da ayyuka na mutum. Sume hasken dake fitowa ne a cikin rikici da norms na al'ada da kuma halin kirki. A tsari na kafa ma'auni a cikin "m - sume" - da tsarin shi ne tushen Psycho-zamantakewa da ci gaban mutum. Cimma wannan daidaituwa da aka yi da da hada da shafi tunanin mutum da tsaro sunadaran.