Veliky Novgorod: gashi na makamai. Veliky Novgorod: shi ne mai zamani alama na birni?

A mafi tsoho tarihin kafofin da'awar cewa lokacin da Varangian prince Rurik zo dama ga ƙasashe na zamanin d Slavs, akwai tsaye Novgorod. The gashi na makamai daga birnin - tushen wadannan asirai da kuma inconsistencies, da mafita daga wanda yaki ƙarnõni na ethnographers da kuma masana tarihi. Dasu na makaman bayyana tun da fitowan na farko lokacin Novgorod heraldic alamomin.

Print Novgorod Jamhuriyar

A daban-daban like da aka yi amfani da su amince da cinikaya Novgorod yan kasuwa da waje yan kasuwa da kuma na yardar kwangila da ka'idoji na Novgorod jumhuriya, amfani da biyar babban image: Iisus Hristos, da mahayi, kafar soja, dabbobi da tsuntsaye. Daga cikin su wadanda haruffa da ya hada da wani zamani gashi na makamai na Veliky Novgorod - kursiyin, biyu beyar, kifi.

Domin da farko lokacin da irin wannan images bayyana bayan da karshe annexation na Novgorod zuwa Moscow Jihar a cikin sau Ivana Groznogo a cikin nau'i na sanya a 1565 a umurnin sarki buga Novgorod gwamna. A wannan tsari ya zo a cikin wata manyan jiha hatimin Ivan IV. Ta aka bayyana a matsayin "wuri" a kan shi - da sandarsa, a hannu daya - da beyar, da sauran - da Lynx, a kasa - kifi. "Place" shi ne ake kira Veche "digiri" - Tsaya tare da matakai, wanda ya roki mutane a lokacin Duk fa'din birni tarurruka na Novgorod Jamhuriyar.

daban-daban fassarori

Complex da kuma sabon abu da alãmarsu, wanda qunshi wani gashi Novgorod, yana da dama daban-daban fassarori. Ba dukkan masu bincike da tsara al'ada bayani cewa bayyanar bears saboda kasancewar a cikin al'ummai waɗanda suka zauna a cikin Novgorod ƙasar, da sadaukarwa na wannan dabba, da kuma kifi wakilci tsoho crafts na mutane da suka rayu a kan gaba na Lake Ilmen, da kuma richness na ruwanta da dabbobi daban daban.

Known view cewa haruffa wanda aka nuna a kan hatimin Ivan IV, shi ne wata barazana ga 'yancin-auna mutane na Novgorod Moscow tsar. Staff aza a kan veche podium yana nufin mulkin gwamnatin tsakiya a birnin Moscow autocrat kan Republican bukatun na jama'a. Dabbobin daji a tarnaƙi alamar ikon Moscow basarake punitive matakan, a lokacin da m. Pisces alama ce ta ruwa, inda waɗanda suka kuskure ya yi yaƙi domin 'yancin kai, za a jefar. A cewar wani version, kifi a matsayin wata alama da Yesu - shi ne shaida daga cikin fadar ikon goyon baya daga sama iko.

Jim kadan bayan bayyanar Great Seal Ivana Groznogo events faru, a cewar wasu gaskatãwa ga correctness, wanda suka bi Novgorod gashi na makamai. Novgorod aka zargi Moscow da ci amanar sarki da hõre m pacification.

"Titulyarnik" Alexei Mikhailovich

Shahararren Monuments na Rasha heraldry na XVII karni akwai wani karshe gyara da ayyukan ibãdar Novgorod, wanda ya kai ga karshe version na classic. A mural kwafi na Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich gashi na makamai na Veliky Novgorod kama buga sau na Ivan IV, amma Lynx a shi ya tafi, maye gurbinsu da na biyu bear.

Tarin heraldic alamomin, wanda aka gabatar a haifi Bitrus I - «Titulyarnik" a 1672 - karo na farko ya nuna da cikakken sa na gyara Novgorod gashi na makamai. Tako Tribune canza kama zuwa wani kursiyi a kan wanda sa sandan, giciye kuma alkukin, shi ne kewaye da biyu bears a kasa - kifi biyu. Wannan bambanci bambanta daga yanzu kawai bi da kursiyin (a cikin uku bariki). Gashi na makamai na Veliky Novgorod a "armorial banner na" Minich (1730) ya nuna kursiyin kamar yadda yanzu - daga gaban.

Historical gashi na makamai da Catherine sau

Gudanarwa garambawul Empress Catherine II, wanda ke haifar da samuwar larduna da kuma gwamnoni, aka goyan bayan da reorganization na heraldic al'amura. Jihar alamomin da aka kawo a cikin layi tare da bukatun na kimiyya da gerbovedcheskoy tsiwirwirinsu daidaito. Gashi na makamai na Veliky Novgorod, wani bayanin da aka royally amince Agusta 16, 1781, shi ya ɗauki siffar, wanda aka dauke a classic.

A lokaci guda ya mysteriously ba kauce wa kuskure. A cewar heraldic dokokin, da launuka amfani da makamai kasu kashi biyu iri kira tinctures: karafa da kuma enamel (enamel). Tsohon hada da zinariya, da azurfa, da na biyu - mulufi (ja), blue, baki, da shunayya, kore, da kuma wasu ƙarin launuka. A mafi muhimmanci mulki na tincture ba da damar da sakawa a kan karfe karfe, enamel a kan enamel, da kuma ware kamata a fili barata. Description na gashi na makamai a 1781 ba ya dauke da irin wannan bayani, ko da yake na zinariya kursiyin ne a wani azurfa filin.

Metamorphosis zamanin canji

Soviet heraldry dasu ba na makamai suna cire daga wani alamu na monarchical da addini alamomin. Ba tsere aiki da kuma gashi na makamai na Veliky Novgorod. Photos of birni symbology na lokaci nuna cewa ta kawar da sarautarsa tare da sandan da kuma gicciye sanya a kan shi. Biyu bears aka located a kan ko dai gefen lambobi 859, ta nuna muhimmancin da hukuma shekara na kafuwar birnin. Rule of tincture yanzu kiyaye, amma rasa lamba tare da gashi na makamai na ƙarni-tsohon tarihi na tsohon birnin.

Ma'anar kalmar sake gini na tarihi heraldic alamomin fara a kusa da kasar da farkon wani sabon Rasha tarihi. Na samu su kuma - Veliky Novgorod gashi na makamai da kuma tutar da aka tsara dangane da classic version na XVIII karni. A wannan yanayin, a sake, ba tare da matsaloli: a 2006 amince da wani zaɓi don wasu dalilai, bã tãre da kifi image a kasa tip na Azure garkuwa. Kawai a cikin 2010, a request na Novgorod kifi da aka koma zuwa ga makamai na birnin, kuma ya sãmi wata canonical, tarihi look tsare a baya asirai.