Turbo engine: description, halaye, da aiki manufa da kuma hotuna

Kowane direba ya sani cewa ciki konewa engine a kan na'urar da manufa na aiki ya kasu cikin yanayi da kuma turbocharged. Amma ba kowa da kowa fahimci bambanci tsakanin ikon raka'a. Bari mu dubi bambanci tsakanin turbo engine, yadda yake aiki da kuma yadda yake aiki. Ididdigewa ne ga wadannan Motors zuwa Example zamani raka'a VAG kungiyar.

fetur turbo

Fetur turbo - shi ne wani ciki konewa engine tare da wani tsari na wucin gadi ya karu saboda da injin turbin mataki na matsawa a cikin bẽnãye. Karuwa daga cikin nuna alama ba da karuwa a iya aiki da kuma sauran fasaha halaye. Tun bayan kafuwarta na farko ciki konewa engine injiniyoyi sun yi kokarin kara ikon ba tare da gwaji canji a kawar da girma daga cikin engine.

A duban farko, wannan mataki ya kasance kusan a surface - ya zama dole don taimaka da mota da nagarta sosai don yana "Numfashi". Wannan zai samar da mafi kyau konewa halaye na man fetur cakuda. Wannan za a iya samun ta ƙarin iska wadata. Saboda haka, wajibi ne a samar a cikin cylinders aka tilasta, a karkashin matsin. Tare da ƙarin iska girma na man fetur ne Mafi combusted, da kuma cewa zai taimaka wajen kara da iya aiki. Amma da waɗannan kimiyoyi an gabatar da sosai a hankali. A farkon da turbo-kwampreso kayan aiki da aka amfani ne kawai ga manyan injuna, daga jirgi da jirgin sama.

Tarihi fetur turbocharged ciki konewa engine

A farko turbo engine aka shigar a cikin karni na karshe. Da farko mota turbocharged ciki konewa engine fara nuna a shekara ta 1938. A farkon 60 ta a Amurka ya fara samar da farko da kuma injin turbin injuna domin motocin fasinja. Wannan mota Oldmobile Jetfire da Ford Corvair Monza. Domin duk ta yi injuna suna halin high AMINCI da karko.

fara shahararsa

Popular turbocharged ciki konewa engine ya fara a cikin 70s. Sai suka fara kafa massively wasanni motoci. Amma a yakin engine turbo motoci bai zama mashahuri saboda high man fetur amfani. Wannan shortcoming sãɓã wa jũna a duk turbocharged fetur injuna na zamanin. Amma man fetur amfani da muhimmanci sosai a wancan lokaci. Wannan lokaci da man rikicin a cikin 70s.

Na'ura fetur turbo-konewa engine

A algorithm aiki fetur turbocharged powertrain ne amfani da musamman kwampreso. Matsalar karshe - allura a cikin ƙarin iska girma na konewa jam'iyya. By inganta cika cylinders tare da cakuda iska da kuma man fetur da kara da nufin tasiri matsa lamba da kuma ikon da zagayowar aka ƙara. A drive tsarin na shaye gas turbochargers aka yi amfani, da samar da makamashi na wanda ya aikata amfani aiki.

Modern kwampreso ne a jiki tare da wani hali, a dabaran, a kewaye bawul, wani injin turbin gidaje. samuwa to sa mai da tashoshi na karshen. Har ila yau ba a cikin tsarin da na'ura mai juyi shaft, da bearings, da kwampreso, da pneumatic actuator na kewaye bawul. A cikin akwati inda bearings aka saka, an saka wani na'ura mai juyi. Yana da wani shaft da injin turbin kuma kwampreso ƙafafun saka a kan shi. A karshe akwai ruwan wukake. Wannan na'ura mai juyi iya juya ta zamiya bearings. Domin su lubrication kuma sanyaya mai ake kawota daga lubrication tsarin na engine. Don kara sanyaya qazanta gidaje, da kuma amfani da coolant tashoshi. Wannan kwampreso kashi da aka yi a cikin siffar wani katantanwa.

manufa na aiki

Injin turbin bututun ƙarfe aka haɗa ta shaye da yawa. A kwampreso - da mashiga ruwa. Kamar yadda muka rigaya muka gani, da turbocharger aka kore ta makamashi na shaye gas. Su ne a lamba tare da injin turbin na'ura mai juyi ne juya su, sa'an nan bada makamashi. Bugu da ari, ta hanyar shaye bututu gas shiga shaye tsarin.

da kuma wani kwampreso dabaran "katantanwa" saka a kan wannan shaft. Saboda juyawa daga cikin injin turbin kwampreso dabaran tsotsa iska daga iska tace kuma farashinsa yana cikin konewa jam'iyya. Dangane da matakin da goyon baya na'urar iya inganta matsa lamba karfi daga 30% zuwa 80%. Tare da wannan engine da daya girma daga cikin cakuda iya dauka a cikin manyan yawa. Shi ne ta hanyar wannan ikon naúra tana karu daga 20% zuwa 50%. Shaye gas da su makamashi ne sun fi mayar da ƙãra motor yadda ya dace.

turbo raka'a

Aƙalla guda aka shirya da kuma engine turbo (dizal). Ka'idar aiki na turbocharger ba ya bambanta daga fetur. Iyakar abin da bambanci - gaban wani intercooler. Wannan shi ne na musamman inji cewa cools iska kafin ta shiga cikin cylinders. A girma daga sanyi iska kasa da dumi. Wannan yana nufin cewa sanyi iska iya "bangaje" a cikin Silinda a fi girma yawa.

TSI injuna

Wadannan raka'a aka shigar a kan halin yanzu model na "Volkswagen" mota "Audi" da "Skoda". Su duk kasance a cikin wannan damuwa. Masana'antun da'awar cewa wannan shi ne wani sabon ƙarni na injuna, wanda hadawa ikon da ya dace. A hali ba lallai ba ne su jira tare da talakawa gargajiya ciki konewa engine a low girma, musamman ikon daga gare shi. Idan abin hawa nauyi ne daidai da daya ton, kuma a low-ikon engine, wannan zai kai ga mafi girma man fetur amfani saboda da low kuzarin kawo cikas da kuma aiki a high gudu.

Engine tare da manyan girma na wani babban kwarara kudi saboda karin konewa jam'iyya. Turbo-injuna ( "Skoda Octavia", "Volkswagen" da "Audi") - shi ne mu'ujiza na aikin injiniya. A cikin wadannan ikon raka'a hade suna fadin amfani da isasshen ikon a gwada karamin girma.

TSI: na'urar

By girma, wadannan raka'a iya zama daban-daban. Saboda haka, DVS nuna 1.2. 1.4. 1.6 lita. Kuma da engine turbo 1.8, 2.0 l. engine ikon ƙaruwa saboda ya fi girma girma. Kuma yana da dama yanke shawara. Kuma a sa'an nan magana game da bambance-bambance.

Turbocharged da supercharged

TSI - shi ne duka turbocharged da supercharged naúrar. VAG kungiyar masana sun yi amfani da wannan zane don magance matsalar wani misali mota. Yana dips a cikin kananan engine revs. Idan muka yi la'akari da classic turbo, da "katantanwa" ayyuka saboda cinya gas. Matsa lamba karfi a aikin a kananan gudun ba da damar da supercharger don ƙirƙirar da ake so karfi da kuma ciyar da a cikin konewa jam'iyya Yã isa zama adadin iska.

1.8 turbo engine ( "VW") shigar kwampreso. Ya ba shi ba da ikon zuwa fada. Matsakaicin karfin juyi a cikin wani talakawa yanayi engine ne a game da 5000 Rev. / Min. A cikin hali na Motors TSI karfin juyi iyakar yake a cikin kewayon daga 1500 Rev. / Min zuwa 4500 Rev. / Min. Wannan aiki range, wanda aka yi amfani da mafi direbobi. A TSI Motors ta hanyar amfani da biyu turbines aka matsa zuwa 2.5 mashaya.

kwampreso

Wannan taro aiki da mai raba drive bel irin. Ya na da babban kaya rabo. A kwampreso aka sauya kawai a lokacin da direban presses a kan gas. A gudu kusa idling, da matsa lamba na 0,8 BAR - wannan shi ne sallama mai yawa. Saboda wannan, shi ya sa m tsauri yi. Tun da engine ne a guje "Audi" 1.8 turbo TSI. A ƙarni da suka wuce, wadannan Motors ba sanye take da wani kwampreso. Akwai ne kawai da injin turbin.

A turbocharged engine 1,8 daga "VW"

Wannan naúrar ne a kan kasuwar for game da shekaru 20. Wannan tsari na ciki konewa engine ne Popular kuma kaddamar da bukatar da injuna da turbocharging. Wannan engine sanye take da yawa model na motoci daga VAG kungiyar. A wasansa na farko na wannan taro da ya faru a 1995.

Domin da farko lokacin da engine ( "Volkswagen Passat" b5) 1.8 turbo aka shigar a kan Audi "A4" (a, da suka yi amfani da wannan Motors). Amma ga siffofin, akwai da dama model tare da damar 150 da kuma 210 horsepower. A shekara ta 2002 mun halitta engine damar 190 "dawakai". A turbocharged engine na "Volkswagen" shi ne farkon wata gaba ɗaya sabon falsafa dangane da fetur engine. Ya ba da mai kyau yi tare da mun gwada da kananan adadin saboda da injin turbin. A amfani da wannan na'ura mai tsakaitãwa ci. "A4" model na "Audi" jan 8 lita 100 kilomita a kan babbar hanya. A birane saituna, man amfani ne ba fiye da 10 lita. By da ciwon bawul 20 a cikin Silinda kai da turbocharger, injiniyoyi "VW" iya samun mafi girma rates na karfin juyi kafin lokacinta samu a matakin 2 dubu.

Saboda haka, wannan engine aka hada kyau kwarai elasticity, wanda shi ne peculiar zuwa turbo saituna, amma da al'adun aiki - fetur. Wannan naúrar kuma iya readily a tuba zuwa gas. A ikon shuka ne daya daga cikin mafi kyau a cikin dukan kewayon. Performance, matsakaici man fetur amfani da high AMINCI iya fariya engine. "Passat" (1.8 turbo) ba shi da wani tsarin naúrar rasa. Ko a yanzu, a cikin zamani zamanin da TSI, wannan engine kusan daidai ba.

Turbo: abũbuwan amfãni, kuma disadvantages

Babban da cewa yana da turbo - ƙara ikon. Wannan shi ne babban burin, wanda aka samu ba tare da gagarumin canje-canje a cikin tsarin. Lokacin da daidai kundin da yanayi Motors turbo engine iya sadar har zuwa 70% more karfin juyi da kuma iko. Kwampreso rage yawan abubuwa masu cutarwa a cikin shaye gas. A engine sanye take da injin turbin yana da wani yawa ƙananan amo matakin. Wadannan ikon shuke-shuke za a iya shigar a kan wani motoci. Babban drawback - high man fetur amfani. The adadin iska ƙaruwa, kuma qara adadin man fetur cinye. Wannan matsala injiniyoyi ba zai iya warware. Har ila yau rashin hada da wahala a aiki. Wadannan ciki konewa injuna ne sosai kula da ingancin na man fetur da kuma man fetur. Bugu da kari ga rashin hada da low rai na man fetur da kuma tsaftacewa da tace. A motor gudanar a high gudun. Saboda wannan mai sauri hasarar da kaddarorin.